1. Construction System
DONE BY:
EMAD ALSHOORA 20112221008 SAJA HAMAD 20110221031
SALMA TAWALBEH 20112221084 PASCAL MARJI 20112221038
Jordan University of Science and Technology – Collage of Architecture and Design – Design 6

2. INTRODUCTION TO IBD
 Integrated building design

3. INTEGRATED BUILDING DESIGN
 The idea of integration:
1. (Physical integration): when buildings systems share physical space
2. (Visual integration): aesthetic arrangement (Color, size, shape, and placement).
3. (Performance integration): overlapping the functions.
INTEGRATED BUILDING DESIGN

4. INTRODUCTION TO Sustainability
 Sustainable Architecture

5. Sustainable Architecture
 Sustainable Architecture Involve:
Environmental
issues
Social
Issues
Economical
Issues

6. Construction System

7. Construction System – Introduction -
Definition: The combinations of objects and materials used to build the main elements of our
Buildings— roof, walls and floor — are referred to as construction systems. They are many and
varied, and each has advantages and disadvantages depending on climate, distance from source
of supply, budget, maintenance requirements and desired style or appearance.

8. Construction System – Introduction -
Construction system
components
Walls Roofs Floors

9. Construction System – introduction-
the idea of grouping construction systems by the material used rather than by their 'function', which is one
of the most widely used construction-based classification systems. The materials-based approach specific to
this dissection allows the text to draw parallels between building 'systems‘ that are based on the same
primary material, since the development and use of those systems is informed mainly by the physical
properties specific to each material and the way the material is worked
Idea of Classification construction system components

10. Construction System – introduction-
Classification of construction system components
Construction
System
Walls
Concrete
Walls
Timber
Walls
Glass
Walls
Metal
Walls
Masonry
Walls
Plastic
Walls
Roofs
Concrete
Roofs
Timber
Roofs
Glass
Roofs
Metal
Roofs
Fabric
Roofs
Plastic
Roofs
Floors
Composite
Floors
Timber
Floors
Glass
Floors

11. Construction System – Walls -
Walls And Envelope Systems

12. Walls
Single Walls
Structural
Bearing walls
Concrete
Walls
Masonry
Walls
Non structural
Envelope
Glass
Walls
Metal
Walls
Plastic
walls
Timber
Walls
Composite walls
Construction System – Walls -
Classification of Wall System:
A wall is a continuous vertical solid structure of brick, stone, concrete, timber or metal, which encloses a
building or serves to divide building into compartments and rooms. They can be classified as load bearing
/non load bearing and external /internal

13. Walls
Single Walls System
In this chapter we will discuss the walls as a single wall – single layer -, but it
Also called a system because this layer “ concrete” contain other several layers
“concrete layer, thermal insulation, water proof layer “.
Composite walls system
In this chapter we will discuss the walls as composite walls that contain several layers
of single walls to achieve the concept of integration.

14. Walls – Single walls System

15. Construction System – Walls - Single Walls
TypesAdvantagesFunctionAppearanceClassification
•Cast in place
•Precast concrete panels
•Strength
•Low maintenance
•Fire-resistance
•Excellent thermal mass
Bearing and non
bearing wall
Concrete
Walls
•Load bearing walls
•Cavity walls
•Cladding attached to a
backing wall
•Variety
•Speed of installation
•Low maintenance cost
Weight Bearing walls,
Tensile and lateral
strength to structures
MASONRY
WALLS
•Timber Cladding•Variety
•Easy to install
•Aesthetical
It’s only cladding and
supported by frame
structure
Timber
WALLS
•Stick Glazing
•bolt fixed glazing
•Unitized Glazing
•Cost effectively
•Natural light
•Shade and shadow
Curtain nonstructural
walls
Glass
Walls
•Rain screens
•Composite panels
•profiled metal
•waterproof
•Durability
•water tightness
Nonstructural, self
supporting
Metal
Walls
•sealed panels
•Rain screens
•Light weight
•Range colorful selection
•Recyclable
•Easy handling
It’s only cladding and
supported by frame
structure
Plastic
WALLS
Click on the wall classification to move to slides

16. Walls – Single Walls – Glass Walls
A Glass wall system is an outer covering of a building in which the outer walls are
non-structural, but merely keep the weather out and the occupants in.

17. Walls – Single Walls – Glass Walls
Advantages Of Glass Walls
Glass is lightweight material so it’s reducing
construction costs.
When glass is used as the curtain wall, a great
advantage is that natural light
Provide shade and shadow inside the building
Threats when using Glass Walls
parameters of Glass wall related to solar gain
control such as thermal comfort and visual comfort
are more difficult to control when using highly
glazed curtain walls
Glass walls are need for regular maintenance
require a great deal of time to assembleTypes Of Glass Walls
Stick Glazing
bolt fixed glazing
Unitized Glazing

18.  Stick Glazing
The vast majority of Glass walls are installed long pieces (referred to as sticks) between floors vertically and
between vertical members horizontally. Framing members may be fabricated in a shop, but all installation
and glazing is typically performed at the jobsite
Walls – Single Walls – Glass Walls

19.  Stick Glazing
Walls – Single Walls – Glass Walls
Sticks System

20. Walls – Single Walls – Glass Walls
 Stick Glazing

21.  bolt fixed glazing
bolt fixed glazing is used for its ability to provide transparency, but usually with fixings set within the glass rather
than at their edges
Walls – Single Walls – Glass Walls

22.  bolt fixed glazing
Walls – Single Walls – Glass Walls

23.  bolt fixed glazing
Walls – Single Walls – Glass Walls

24.  Unitized Glazing
Unitized glazing is essentially a method of using prefabricated panels which are fixed together on site to form a
complete glazed wall. Like stick glazing, unitized glazing uses aluminum framing to support the glazing, but where
stick glazing is secured to a continuous supporting frame all of which is fixed on sit e, unitized glazing is put together
in the factory. Panels are delivered to site and lifted into place and set next to one another
Walls – Single Walls – Glass Walls

25.  Unitized Glazing
Walls – Single Walls – Glass Walls

26. Walls – Composite walls

27. Walls – Composite walls
You can design your own composite walls, there is no standard or specie classification to the composite
walls, you design the wall that make you achieve the integrated envelope system. In this chapter we will
analyze some cases that composite walls were effective part of building design.
Guidelines to design integrated composite walls and envelope System:
Location of building
Building use
Codes
Fit with structural system
Control Heat Transfer
Stops water passage
Fulfils aesthetical values Cheap
Easy
individual units replacement
Pre-Design studies DESIGN must MAINTENANCE

28. Walls – Composite walls
Case Study I:(GSW) Headquarters, Berlin, Germany
The company invests in residential
property and also manages residential
and commercial property on behalf of third
parties.

29. Walls – Composite walls - Case Study I
Composite wall Details
Double skin
FACADE
Exterior
layer of glass
Aluminum
louvers
Masonry
wall
Concrete
Wall
West Façade Envelope System

30. Composite wall Details
Aluminum louvers
Walls – Composite walls - Case Study I
Exterior Layer of glass
Double glazed Glass walls
WEST FACADE
( Ventilation
and heating)
Daylight and
shading system
Visual Integration

31. Walls – Composite walls - Case Study I
Composite wall Details
WEST FACADE
Aluminum louvers
Double glazed Glass walls
Concrete wall
Exterior Glass Layer

32. Walls – Composite walls
Case Study II: Building research establishment

33. Walls – Composite walls - Case Study II
Composite wall Details
Envelope Components:
Double skin
Glass Wall
Masonry
wall
louvers Solar Panel
Wind
Stacks
South Facade
Building research establishment

34. Walls – Composite walls – Case Study II
Double skin Glass Wall
Masonry wall louvers Solar PanelWind Stacks

35. Walls – Composite walls – Case Study II
The masonry columns were
not left as they are they
were invested to hold the
PVC
And also the PVC
functioned as
ornamentation.
Visual integration
Performance Integration

36. Construction System – Roofs-
Roofs And shells System

37. A roof of a building envelope, both the covering on the uppermost part of
a building or shelter which provides protection from animals and weather, notably rain,
but also heat, wind and sunlight; and the framing or structure which supports the
covering.
Roofs
Concrete
Roofs
Fabric
Roofs
Timber
Roofs
Glass
Roofs
Metal
Roofs
Plastic
Roofs
shells
Construction System – Roofs-
Classification of Roof System:

38. Construction System – Roofs
TypesAdvantagesFunctionAppearanceClassification
•Concealed membrane
•Exposed membrane
•Cladding can take place
•Water resistance
•Durability
Roofing and covering any
kind of buildings
Concrete
Roofs
•Flat Roof
•Pitched Roof
•environmentally friendly
•high visual impact
•Cost
Roofing and covering
Houses, commercial
buildings and stores
Timber
Roofs
•Silicone-sealed glazing
•Bolt fixed glazing
•Greenhouse glazing
•energy saving
•Cost effective
•improve a person’s
productivity
Sky Light, natural lightingGlass
Roofs
•Profiled metal sheet
•Composite panels
•Rain screens
•durable in cold weather
•Recyclable
Usually roofing and
covering residential and
commercial buildings
Metal
Roofs
•GRP roof light
•GRP panels and shells
•Range colorful selection
•Light weight
•Recyclable
•Easy handling
Several uses: skylight, in
stadium and covering
commercial and public
buildings
Plastic
Roofs
•ETFE cushions
•Cone-shaped roof
•Barrel-shaped roof
•Strong in tension
•Different shapes
•Lightweight
For free form buildings
design, it’s depend on
tensile structure
Fabric
Roofs

39. Shells

40. shell structures are light weight constructions usingshell elements.
These elements are typically curved and are assembled to large
structures. Typical applications are fuselages of aeroplanes, boat hulls
and roof structures in some buildings.
Shells structure :
Types of shells:
Concrete
Lattice shell structures
lattice shell structure

41. Ceilings
Ceiling’s main functions:
• Makes interior look more presentable
• Hides unsightly piping or wiring
• enhance acoustical and fire control
Types of Ceiling:
• Fixed Ceiling
-Direct Clipped
-Direct Fixed
• Suspended Ceiling
Ceilings are interior structures in an enclosed
space
They cannot be classified as structural
elements of a building but they serve more of
a purpose to hide the underside floor or the
roof structure above

42. •used where a continuous plastered surface is
required and where there is no need to access
the ceiling void from
•Can either be layers of plasterboard sheets or
wet-applied plaster on metal laths
42
Fixed Ceiling
Metal lath supported on structural slab
Timber Supporting Frame

43. PROS AND CONS
PROS
• creates smooth, continuous soffit.
• provide a fire-resistive layer where this
is not provided by the supporting floor
structure.
• Can be used to form single direction
curves and complex shapes
CONS
•Accessible hatch difficult to conceal

44. Fixed Ceiling Types
Direct Fixed Ceiling:

45. Fixed Ceiling Types

46. Suspended Ceilings
a secondary ceiling, hung below the main
(structural) ceiling.
of a grid-work of metal channels in the shape of
an upside-down "T", suspended on wires from
the overhead structure

47. Suspended Ceilings Advantages
•PROS
•Hide exposed structural or mechanical components
•Easy access to the hidden pipes or wiring.
•Different materials can be used as tiles with several
aesthetic and acoustical performances.
•CONS
•The grid system used to form the suspended ceiling
can only be partially concealed

48. Functional Uses
Suspended ceiling:
in office buildings and specializedF
institutes (hospitals, universities)
integrate with layout and required
individual lighting and mechanical
ventilation of spaces.
Fixed Ceiling:
Residential and Leisure spaces/ high
aesthetics

49. Construction System – Floors-
Floors System

50. FLOOR SYSTEMS
Floors are the flat support structure
that carry live loads to the buildings
structure to the foundation
Floor’s main functions:
oSupport live loads and transfer weight
to building’s structure.
oEncloses the spaces below it.
oCreates a division between floors,
thus must be able to provide acoustical
and thermal control.

51. TYPES OF FLOOR SYSTEMS
LONG SPAN FLOORS
1.REINFORCED CONCRETE RIBBED CONSTRUCTION
• Metal pan system
Structural clay system
Concrete block system
2.PRECAST CONCRETE JOISTS
Prefabricated concrete block system
Hollow core design
3.OPEN TRUSS STEEL JOISTS
SHORT SPAN DESIGNS
SHORT SPAN CONCRETE SLABS
PRECAST PLANKS
STEEL PLATE AND SHEET CELLULAR FLOOR
SYSTEMS
WOOD PLANKS

52. REINFORCED CONCRETE RIBBED CONSTRUCTION
The loads on a long span floor in this
case is distributed with the aid of ‘ribs’,
which are parallel structure ’portions
of a T-beams that projects below the
slabs’
Ribbed Floor Advantages •Savings on weight and materials
•Long spans
•Attractive soffit appearance if exposed

53. APPEARANCE
ONE WAY REINFORCEMENT RIBBED FLOOR DISADVANTAGES

54. REINFORCED CONCRETE RIBBED

56. 2. PRECAST CONCRETE JOISTS
These are all essentially prestressed beams,which are stitched together to form a
complete deck. Ends are supported either on beams or by a load bearing wall, typically
forming part of an overall precast concrete

57. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
•Light weight aggregates can be used
• Easy and fast installation
DISADVANTAGES
oLimited to wall bearing designs and
comparatively low buildings (don’t furnish
very much lateral support ).
oOpenings for service runs need to be
fixed at an early stage.

58. PRECAST CONCRETE JOISTS

59. PRECAST CONCRETE JOISTS
PREFABRICATED CONCRETE BLOCK HOLLOW CORED DESIGN
Joints are evenly filled with cement.
The use of expanded polystyrene blocks in
the place of concrete blocks eliminates the
need for additional sheet insulation within
the floor system.

60. HOLLOW CORED DESIGN ADVANTAGES
rigid conduit or flexible cables can be run
within structural thickness of slabs and
cores can also be used as air ducts

61. OPEN TRUSS STEEL JOIST
Open truss steel joist is useful as a support for
practically any type of precast gypsum or cement planks.
Advantages
•Relatively light weight and easy installation
•Supports wide range of planking material and cast in
place concrete
Disadvantages
•Limited to light floor loads not subject to vibrations or
heavy concentrations.
•Not suitable for high structures

62. LONG/SHORT SPANS
Short spans have several intermediate beams.

63. SHORT SPAN FLOOR SYSTEMS
Unlike long span design, structural supports
spaced from 2-3 meters, in the form of
intermediate beams dividing each column
bay to 3-4 panels.
Advantages
They can be used extensively for all types of
occupancy, industrial to residential.
It is not difficult to choose a type of floor
construction to meet specific needs
Types of short span floor systems:
1.Short-span concrete slabs
2.Precast planks
3. Steel-Plate and Sheet-cellular Floor systems
4. Wood-Plank Floors

64. PRECAST PLANKS
STEEL-PLATE AND SHEET-CELLULAR FLOOR SYSTEMS

65. WOOD PLANK FLOORS
For industrial buildings where the weight
of machinery is comparatively light
heavy planks can be used if fire risk is
accepted (automatic sprinkler system is
installed beneath floors of this type)

66. INTEGRATION EXAMPLES

67. INTEGRATION

68. RAISED FLOOR

69. STEEL FLOORS
Steel grating is used primarily in industrial buildings and on maintenance access decks in other
building types such as offices. It provides a lightweight, economic deck material that allows
rainwater to drain off it immediately, making it less susceptible to corrosion when painted or
galvanized

70. Construction System – Floors
TypesAdvantagesFunctionAppearanceClassification
•Typical Timber Floors
•Engineered Timber floors
•ecologically friendly
•Variety
•Easy to maintain
•Flexible Installation
Used with load bearing
Masonry wall and timber
framed structures
Timber
Floors
•glass sheet•Aesthetically
•Great Insulation
lass floors are used to
enhance naturally lit
spaces by allowing light to
pass through to spaces
below
Glass
Floors

71. Construction System And Sustainability
When the construction system is The most important factors to Achieves Environmental Design

72. Sustainable Architecture
 Sustainable Architecture Involve:
Environmental
issues
Social
Issues
Economical
Issues

73. Energy
Water
IAQ
Surrounding
Environments
Materials Green Roofs
Production
Reduction
•Local Materials
•Less embodied energy
•Re-Use and Re-Cycle
•Low maintenance
Visual Comfort
Air Quality
Thermal Comfort
Acoustical Comfort
Produce less Pollution
Minimum foot print
Construction
System And
Sustainability
Where they Intersects?
Construction System And Sustainability

74. Construction System And Sustainability
CASE STUDIES

75. Construction System And Sustainability
CASE STUDIES I
(GSW) Headquarters, Berlin
Germany

76. Construction System And Sustainability CASE STUDIES I
Techniques used in the Buildings:
Cross and stack ventilation
Double-Skin Facade
Façade as a thermal buffer
Chimney: Hot air ventilation
Thermal Mass ( direct heat )
Daylight and shading system

77. Construction System And Sustainability CASE STUDIES I
Systems used in the Buildings:
1- The Difference in air Temperature and Pressure between indoor and outdoor
2- In and out air vents with easy path
Factors for Air Movement and natural ventilation inside Space:
Cross and stack ventilation

78. Construction System And Sustainability
Systems used in the Buildings: Cross and stack ventilation
CASE STUDIES I

79. Construction System And Sustainability
CASE STUDIES I
Systems used in the Buildings: Double skin facade
Double skin façade controlling the thermal conditions:
1. Sun shading
2. Natural ventilation

80. Construction System And Sustainability CASE STUDIES I
Systems used in the Buildings: Façade as a thermal buffer
During the heating season,
the air cavity between multi-
layer façade acts as a thermal
buffer when all operable
windows are closed. Warm air
is returned to the central
plant via risers for heat
recovery.

81. Construction System And Sustainability CASE STUDIES I
Systems used in the Buildings: Façade as a thermal buffer
Heat recovery

82. Construction System And Sustainability CASE STUDIES I
Systems used in the Buildings: Thermal Mass ( Direct Heat )
DIRECT GAIN
Direct gain is the heat from the sun being collected and contained an occupied space.

83. Construction System And Sustainability CASE STUDIES I
Systems used in the Buildings: Daylight and shading system
East façade West façade

84. CASE STUDIES
Construction System And Integration

85. Construction System And Integration
Case Study: Building research establishment

86. Envelope
Attached steel beams and
posts to the masonry wall
holding the louvers with
spiders

87. Envelope
The masonry
columns were not
left as they are, they
were invested to
hold the PVC. And
also the PVC
functioned as
ornamentation.

88. Construction System And Integration
Case Study: Building research establishment
Solar panel within the façade “ Hybrids and mechanical system” “

89. Composite Flooring and ceiling
The curved, hollow, concrete floor slabs also aid in
the building's ventilation by drawing air in through
the passages in the floor/ceiling on hot, windy days.
Even further cooling can be managed by circulating
water through the passages in the curving slab.

90. Composite Flooring and ceiling