전문가토크릴레이 2탄 Open data and linked data (김학래 박사)

Making Emergent Creativity
Open

Let’s
Think

“This
led
to
changes
in
the
cons6tu6on
and
the
establishment

of
a
more
open
government”
–
WikiLeaks

WikiLeaks
Data.gov

Quick Summary
Open Data vs Linked Data

Open Data starts with making available the data that you already have, in whatever format.

•  Equal access for all
Open Data •  Licensing, legal issues
•  Transparency
•  Changing the way government works

•  URIs
Linked Data •  HTTPs
•  RDF vocabularies
•  Standards

3

Today
This Presentation .....

Open Data and The Semantic Web
Introduction What We Will Do
Open Government Linked Data
Data

4

Let’s Start
Web in Evolution
“a steady progression from a document-centric Web to one that is data-centric, including the mediation of semantics”

(Source: Mike, 2007)

5

Question
What is the Semantic Web for?

Standards
Inference

Search
Intelligence

6

Case Studies
Google’s Semantic Search
People should be able to ask questions and we should understand their meaning, or they should be able to
talk about things at a conceptual level. ... A lot of people will turn to things like the semantic Web as a possible
answer to that.“ - Google Vice President of Search Products User Experience Marissa Mayer

an initiative launched on 2 June 2011 by Bing, Google and Yahoo!
to create and support a common set of schemas for
structured
data markup on web pages.

Freebase is an open, Creative Commons licensed repository
of structured data of almost 22 million entities. An entity is a
single person, place, or thing connected by a graph.

The Knowledge Graph is a collection of information sources that
help discern a user’s specified intent with each individual query.
The graph is actually an encyclopedia with structured http://schema.org/docs/full.html
information obtained from the web. (currently, 200 million
entities)
7

Case Studies
Apple’s Siri
Ask Siri how Apple recorded the best quarter in history for a tech company, and her answer should be: Me.

Siri (Speech Interpretation and Recognition Interface) is Knowledge Navigator (1987)
an intelligent personal assistant and knowledge a concept described by former Apple Computer CEO John
navigator which works as an application for Apple's iOS. Sculley in his 1987 book, Odyssey.

A Brief History
- In December 2007 Siri, Inc. was formed by Dag Kittlaus
(CEO), Adam Cheyer (VP Engineering), and Tom Gruber
(CTO/VP Design).
- Siri Inc. went after funding and by November 2009 it had
secured $15.5 million investment, resulted in the creation of
the first Siri application, which debuted on the iPhone 3GS in
February 2010.
- Siri acquired by Apple; iPhone becomes the Virtual Personal
Assistant

(Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRH8eimU_20)

8

Case Studies
Active Ontology
A processing formalism where distinct processing elements are arranged according to ontology notions;
an execution environment.

Basic concepts
* Ontology : A data structure
- Formal representation for domain knowledge
- Classes, attributes, relations
* Active Ontology : A processing environment
- Processing elements arranged according to ontology
notions
- Communication channels
P movie

P genre P actor P rating

rule set
rule
rule
rule
condition
condition
condition
action
action
action
(Baur et al., 2007)
9

Today

Data

10

Let’s Start
Big Data
“data that becomes large enough that it cannot be processed using conventional methods”

“Big Data is like Sex in High School–Lots of people are talking about it, but few are having it.”
-Eric Hansen, SiteSpect founder and CEO

11

Best Practices
London 2012: Open Data Olympics

12

Definition
What is Open (Government) Data?

“Open”
material (data) is open if it can be freely used,
reused and redistributed by anyone

“Government data”
data and information produced
or
commissioned by government or
government controlled entities.

Source: Open Knowledge Foundation, 2010

14

•  Transparency
•  Participation
•  Collaboration

“My administration is committed to creating an unprecedented
level of openness in Government.” – Barack Obama
“Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies – Transparency and Open Government” Jan 2009

Data.gov

Launched
on
May
21,
2009,
Data.gov
allows
ci;zens
to
par;cipate
by

leveraging
federal
data
sets
to
build
applica;ons,
conduct
analysis,
and

perform
research.

•  The
ﬁrst
phase
of

Data.gov
features

downloadable
federal

data
sets
organized
by

category
and
federal

organiza6on.

•  Data
sets
are
available

for
download
in
XML,

CSV,
and
shape
ﬁle

formats.

16

Data.gov.uk

Prime
Minister,
David
Cameron,
writes
to
all
government
departments,
31

May
2010:
instruc;ng
them
to
free
up
more
datasets
as
part
of
Transparency

Agenda

Establishment
of
the
Public

Sector
Transparency
Board

chaired
by
Francis
Maude,

Minister
for
the
Cabinet

Oﬃce

The
Board
will
be
responsible

for
seRng
open
data
standards

across
the
public
sector,

publishing
further
datasets
on

the
basis
of
public
demand

17

18

hTp://www.prac6calpar6cipa6on.co.uk/odi/wp-‐content/uploads/2010/06/Open-‐Data-‐Impacts-‐Timeline-‐Dra[-‐0.1.png

Case Studies
Applications

Where Does My Money
Postcode Newspaper World Events Visualiser EU Public Data
Go

19

Public Sector Dataset
The State of Open Government Data

Source: http://tinyurl.com/44rub56

20

Open Data Strategies
Open data instruments
“The application of the four types of instruments by the five countries is depicted – the larger
the circle the more instruments are applied” – Huijboom Van den Broek, 2011.

Education and training Voluntary approaches

US
AU ES UK DK
DK

UK
ES AU US

ES
DK
US ES
DK AU
AU
UK
UK US
Economic instruments Legislation and control

21

Critical factors
Drivers and barries of open data policy implementation

1 Strategies and experience in front runner countries Closed government culture

2 Political leadership Privacy legislation

3 Regional initiatives Limited quality of data

4 Citizen initiatives Limited user-friendliness/information overload

5 Market initiatives Lack of standardization of open data policy

6 Emerging technologies Security threats

7 European legislation Existing charging models

8 Thought leaders Uncertain economic impact

9 Possibility of monitoring government Digital divide

10 Budgets cuts Network overload

Source:
Huijboom
and
Van
den
Broek,
2011
22

Open Data Portals
CKAN – Open Source Data Portal
Makes it easy to publish, share, and find dataset. Integrated data storage, processing,
viewing and visualization

23

Today

Data

24

Let’s Start
The Web as a Global Data Platform
.. a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet

25

World Wide Web
HTTP URI HTML

26

All data including documents, services, people ...

DATA DATA links

The Semantic Web is not about links between web pages.

27

Overview
Linked Data The Semantic Web
“The Semantic Web isn't just about putting data on the web. It is about making links, so that a person or
machine can explore the web of data. With linked data, when you have some of it, you can find other,
related, data” - TBL.

5 Stars Open linked data

★ Make your stuff available on the Web

★★ Make it avaiable as structured data

★★★ Use open, standard formats (instead of
excel)
★★★★
Use a open data format – URLs,
★★★★★ descriptions

Link your data to other people’s data

28

Overview
Growth of Interlinks
… Linked Data provides the means to reach the goal of the Semantic Web – “the
emergence of a Web of Data”

2007-05-01
2007-10-08
2007-11-10
2008-02-28
2008-03-31

2008-09-18
2009-03-05
2009-03-27
2009-07-14
2010-09-22
29

전문가토크릴레이 2탄 Open data and linked data (김학래 박사)

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