A ppt on SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, Etiology, Epidemiology, History, Intro, Clinical features, pathophysiology, Treatment, Prevention etc. This is a compilation of different Reserch papers, YouTube videos and all the references are given at the end.

1. DANGE .SAMIRA. S.
ROLL NO: 18
MSC 1

3. HISTORY
 Hippocrates (400 B.C) first described
cutaneous ulcers.
 Ferdinand Von Hebra (1816-1880) first
used the term ‘Lupus’.
 Moriz Kaposi (1837-1902) first recognized
Lupus as a systemic disease.

4. EPIDEMIOLOGY
Women are affected nine times
more frequently than men (9:1)
regardless of race.
SLE has nearly tripled in the last
50 years due to improved diagnosis
of the chronic disease.
 Asian, African and Latin natives
are affected much more frequently
than Caucasians.

5. ETIOLOGY
Mostly SLE is Idiopathic but there are some predisposing factors:
DRUG-INDUCED LUPUS:
SLE caused by taking
certain prescriptions.
 The most common
culprits are Hydralazine,
Isoniazid, etc.
GENETIC PREDISPOSITION:
 Susceptibility Genes.
The rate of SLE is seen
more in Monozygotic
twins than dizygotic
twins.
Hyper estrogenic.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS:
Photosensitivity.
Air pollution,
cigarette smoking,
vaccines, epigenetic
modifications etc.

6. SLE is characterized by phases of remission and relapse.
At least 4 of the 11 clinical criteria are usually met for diagnosis given by the
American College of Rheumatology.
The diagnostic criteria:

7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
SLE is an Autoimmune Disease, so it is mediated by Autoimmune Reactions:-
•Type III Hypersensitivity:
Antigen-Antibody complex formation and disposition in tissues thus causing
inflammation.
•Type II Hypersensitivity:
Antibodies against Red and white blood cells and molecules like various phospholipids
which can cause phagocytosis and destruction leading to additional symptoms.
IgG and IgM antibodies attacks self antigens on cells.

8. SUSCEPTIBILITY
GENES

10. Diagnosis of SLE must be based on Clinical
features and Antibodies Lab Test.
•HISTORY
•PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
•LABORATORY TEST
HISTORY: Family history related to SLE disease.
P.Examination: Fever, rashes on body, butterfly rash
on face, ulcer in mouth etc.
Laboratory Tests: ANA TEST, LE CELL TEST, CBC,
LFT, RFT, BIOSPY, ESR, ANTI DNA, ANTI
HISTONE, ANTI SMITH etc.

11. TREATMENT AND PREVENTION:
• SLE treatment with antimalarials is recommended unless there are no
contraindications thus Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are licensed
for SLE treatment.
• Glucocorticoids are the local treatment of choice for skin lesions in SLE.
• The FDA approved Belimumab in 2011, the first new drug for SLE in 50
years.
TREATMENT

12. • Preventing exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light.
• Cigarette smoking cessation.
• Prevent working in crystalline silica work environment (e.g.,
cleaning powders, soil, pottery materials, cement, etc.)
• Moderate alcohol drinking can be effective for SLE.
PREVENTION

13. REFERENCES
1. George Bertsias, Ricard Cervera, Dimitrios T Boumpas :
“Systemic Lupus Eythematous : Pathogenesis & Clinical
features.” 2010; pp 477.
2. Ghaussy No, Sibbitt WL, Qualls CR (2009). “ Cigarette
smoking, alcohol consumption, and the risk of Systemic
Lupus Erythematous: a case control study”. J. Rheumatol.
28 (11): 2499-53.
3. Kaposi KM. Neue Beitrage Zur Kenntnis des Lupus
Erythematous . Arch Dermatol Syphilis. 1872; 4:36-78.
4. Kuhn A, Aberer E, Bardec. Leitlinien Kutaner Lupus
Erythematous; 2009. PP. 214-257.
5. Ruiz-G, Khamashta MA,. Hydroxychloroquine: the
cornerstone of Lupus therapy. Lupus. 2008; 17: 271-273.