The document discusses internet shopping and how it has grown over the past 20 years. It notes that 20 years ago, few people used the internet and it was mainly used by scientists and government. Now almost everyone knows about the internet and uses it daily. Many people now associate the internet with shopping rather than just information. Amazon was one of the first companies to sell products online. Jeff Bezos started Amazon and had a vision that online shopping would grow significantly as internet usage increased. Amazon allows customers to search for books, read reviews, and have items shipped to their home within two days.

1. ENGLISH LANGUAGE II<br />Part I. Reading Comprehension<br />Read the following article quickly. Then do the exercises.<br />Monster Cities<br />Many people don’t like big cities. They see the large population of cities and they are afraid. Many cities are growing very fast. They are 'monster' cities. ( A monster is a big, terrible thing.) in some countries, there aren't jobs in small towns. People go to cities to work; 300000 people go to Sao Paulo, Brazil every year. These cities are megalopolises. A megalopolis is a very large city. But now there is a new word in English- megacity. A megacity is a very large city. Mexico city is a megacity with a population of more than 20,000,000. Tokyo-Yokohama is another megacity, with almost 30,000,000. <br />There are problems in all cities. There are problems in a megapolis or a megacity. In US cities, there are many people with no jobs and no homes. The air is dirty. There are too many cars. A terrible problem is crime. Many people are afraid of crime. <br />Questions:<br />1. Do many people like to live in big cities?<br />………………………………………………….<br />2. What happens when people see the large population of cities?<br />......................................................................................<br />3. How many people does Sao Paulo receive every year?<br />……………………………………………………..<br />4. Is air clean in big cities?<br />.................................................................................<br />5. Mention the terrible problem in big cities.<br />………………………………………………………..<br />Put [T] if the statement is true and [F] if it is false.<br />1- A monster is a small nice thing. [ ]<br />2- A megacity is a very tiny city. [ ]<br />3-There are no problems in a mega polis or a megacity. [ ]<br />4-Tokyo-Yokohama is another megacity, with almost 3000,000. [ ] <br />5. In US cities, there are many people with jobs and homes. [ ]<br />Part II. Writing<br />Rules of Punctuation.<br />I. Capitalization<br />The first word of a sentence must always begin with a capital letter.<br />Example. This university is a large and complex organization.<br />Every word in a person's name must begin with a capital letter<br />Example. Dr. Ahmed Ali James Smith<br />Initials and some abbreviations<br />Example. ARAMCO T.S. Eliot<br />All the main words in a place name must begin with a capital letter.<br />Example. Africa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Red Sea, the Himalayas, Riyadh<br />The name of a language or nationality always begins with a capital letter.<br />Example. Arabic, Saudi<br />The first word and the main words I a title begin with a capital letter.<br />Example. Arab News, How a Scientist Works<br />The pronoun I is always capitalized. <br />Example. My friend and I are in Section 2.<br />The names of days and months always begin with a capital letter.<br />Example. Saturday, January<br />Always end a sentence with a full stop/period ( .).<br />Example. A program is a plan of what needs to be done.<br /> Always put a question mark ( ?) at the end of a question.<br />Example. Is Ali happy? When do you get up?<br /> Always put a comma ( , ) between items in a list.<br /> Example. Ali tall, dark, handsome and intelligent.<br /> Always leave a space between each word.<br />Example. I catch a bus every day to go to school.<br /> I catch a bus every day to go to school.<br />Exercises:<br />the series of courses which a student takes is his program.<br />…………………………………………………………………………. <br />penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming.<br />………………………………………………………………………….<br />Hmed's father is an engineer at safco.<br />………………………………………………………………………….<br />the black sea lies between russia and turkey. <br />………………………………………………………………………….<br />Moroccans, Algerians and Omanis all speak Arabic. <br />………………………………………………………………………….<br />the newspaper we always buy is the Saudi gazette.<br />………………………………………………………………………….<br />when can i get my new 001 textbooks, please?<br />………………………………………………………………………….<br />i will leave Saudi Arabia on Thursday, 21 July.<br />………………………………………………………………………….<br />Ali Saeed is a scientist at king Saud university<br />………………………………………………………………………….<br /> please can you tell me how many absences i have<br />………………………………………………………………………….<br /> My new room is bigger lighter more modern and more comfortable than my old one<br />………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………….<br />There is a bank near the main gate of the university<br />………………………………………………………………………….<br />Part III. Grammar<br />THE VERB BE<br />AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS:<br />Form Subject + be + adjective, noun, or phraseSingularPluralI am Japanese.You are students.HeShe is in New York.ItWe are Japanese.You are students.They are in New York.ExpressionsExamplesBe from (place)Be in (place)I am from New York.She is from Athens.We are in California now.They are in the library. <br />Exercise: Use am, is, or are to complete this reading. The first one is done as an example.<br /> I ----am----- Mariko, and I ------------- an exchange student in San Diego. This week I ---------------- in New York. I ---------------- on a trip with people from my school. Today my friends and I --------------- on a city tour. My friends ----------------- from many places. Anne ---------------- French. She -------------- from Paris. Hassen -------------- from Syria, and Carlos and Gabriel ----------------- from Mexico. We ----------------- excited but nervous! New York ------------------ very large, and it ---------------- crowded.<br />Exercise: Use am, is, or are and a nationality to complete these sentences. <br />Mariko ------is----- from Japan. She ----is Japanese----.<br />Carlo -------------- from Mexico. He ------------- --------------------------.<br />Mr. Kim and Mr. Park ------------------ from Korea. They ------------- -----------------------.<br />Anne and Chantal ---------------- from France. They -------------- ----------------------------.<br />Hassen ----------------- from France. They --------------- --------------------------------.<br />Benny ----------------- from Indonesia. He --------------- -------------------------------.<br />Gunter and Elisabeth ------------------ from Germany. They -------------- --------------------.<br />Chun ---------------- from Taiwan. She ----------- ----------------------------------.<br />Carolina and Andre ---------------- from Brazil. They -------------- -------------------------.<br />I ---------------- from -----------------------------. I --------------- -------------------------------.<br />Exercise: Use the correct form of the verb be and she, he, or they to complete these sentences.<br />Mariko ----is----- from Japan. ---She---- ---is---- Japanese.<br />Elisabeth --------------- from Germany. -------------- ---------------- German.<br />Benny ---------------- from Indonesia. --------------- ---------------- Indonesian.<br />Carlos and Gabriel are from Mexico. -------------- --------------- Mexican.<br />Anne is from France. ---------------- ---------------- French.<br />Mr. Park ---------------- from Korea. ---------------- ---------------- Korean.<br />Hassen and Ali ---------------- from Syria. --------------- --------------- Syrian.<br />Chun ---------------- from Taiwan. ---------------- ------------------Taiwanese.<br />Carolina and Andre ------------------ from Brazil. ---------------- -------------- Brazilian.<br />Part I. Reading Comprehension<br />2- Read the following article quickly. Then do the exercises.<br /> My name is Etsuko Sasaki. I'm from Japan, but I live in California. I 'm a student here in English language classes at a small college. I live in an apartment building. It's on the corner of Oliver Street and Sycamore Avenue. There's a big olive tree in front of the building. There's a park across the street. There are a lot of Sycamore trees in the park. The trees are beautiful in summer.<br /> A lot of my neighbors are from different countries. The stores in this neighborhood are always busy. There's a Korean drugstore and an American flower shop. There are three restaurants on Olive Street: one Mexican, one Japanese, and one Moroccan-American! I like my neighborhood.<br />Questions:<br />1-Where is Etsuko from?<br />………………………………………………………..<br />2- Does he live in Japan?<br />………………………………………………………..<br />3- What does he do?<br />………………………………………………………..<br />4- Is there a park across the street?<br />………………………………………………………..<br />5- How are the Sycamore trees in summer?<br />………………………………………………………..<br />Now follow these directions.<br />Circle the name of a city.<br />Brazil Indonesia Riyadh Egypt<br />Copy the name of a person.<br />Mexico________ California__________<br />The USA______ Etsuko__________<br />3.Underline the word for a building.<br /> I'm at a restaurant now.<br />4.Write the name of your country on the line_______.<br />5. Correct the mistake.<br /> Colombia<br />III.-Building vocabulary. Fill each blank with a word from the list.<br />Front- crowded- different- next- building- neighbors<br />his store is always_________ .There are always lots and lots of people.<br />There is a school___________ to my house.<br />My ___________are from Mexico. They're nice people.<br />There are two big trees_____________of my house.<br /> People in my neighborhood are from__________ countries.<br />Part II. Writing<br />Sentence pattern 1.<br />When we describe a place, we use basic sentence patterns over and over.<br />We use there is/are in this way. <br />there is/are + noun phrase + prepositional phrase (optional)<br />e.g. There is a rose bush in the garden.<br />- Complete this chart using sentences from the description.<br />there is/arenoun phraseadverb or prepositional phraseThere aremany different kinds of gardensthere a Japanese garden, a desert garden, a rose garden, an Australian garden, and many others ×in the gardenThere are×red roses, pink roses, and roses of every other color×in the Japanese gardenThere are always×<br />Sentence pattern II<br />The verb to be is often followed by complements. <br />e.g. subject + be + complement<br /> I am from Saudi Arabia.<br />Sometimes, the complement is a prepositional phrase<br />A lot of my neighbors are from different countries.<br />Sometimes, the complement is an adjective (a word that describes the subject). <br />e.g. The stores are busy.<br />The grass is soft and green.<br />Part III. Grammar<br />CONTRACTIONS:<br />SingularPluralLong formI’m fI'm from Spain.You’You're from Korea.HeHe's She's from Brazil. It'sWe’rWe're from Spain.You’You're from Korea.TheyThey’re from Brazil.I amI I am / We areYou You are/ You areHe's He/she/ it - is S They areIt<br />Exercise: Read this paragraph. Then write it again with contractions.<br />Example: Hi, I’m Carlos -----<br /> Hi! I am Carlos, And I am from Mexico. I am a student in Chicago, but I am in New York on a tour. My brother Gabriel is here in New York too. He is on vacation. We are very excited about our trip. New York is Wonderful! It is big, crowded, and interesting. Some people on our tour are afraid of the city. They are nervous – especially Mariko. She is very nice, but she is always lost and confused. Not Gabriel and me! We are in love with New York! <br />-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />QUESTIONS WITH HOW, WHERE, AND WHO:<br />FormQuestion word + be + subjectQuestion Possible Answers owHow Greetings Age Where Hometown or Country Location Who Identity How are you? How old is he? Where are you from? Where are you? Who is your roommate? Fine, thank you. Twenty-Five I am from Turkey. I'm in New York. My roommate is Mariko.<br />Exercise: Write a question for each answer. Use How, Where, and Who in your questions. The first one is done s an example.<br />--------How are you?----------------- 4. ----------------------------------------?<br />I’m fine, thanks, but I’m a little My friend is Chantal.<br />homesick.<br />--------------------------------------------? 5. -----------------------------------------?<br />I’m from France. She’s from France,too.<br />--------------------------------------------? 6. ------------------------------------------?<br />I’m twenty five. She’s at the hotel right now.<br />Part I. Reading Comprehension<br />Read the following article quickly. Then do the exercises.<br />Internet Shopping<br />(A) Twenty years ago very few people used the internet. Only scientists and people in the government knew about the internet and how to use it. This is changing very fast. Now almost everyone knows about the internet, and many people are online(using the internet) everyday. When people think about the internet, they often think about information. But now, more and more, when people think about the internet, they think about shopping. <br />(B) Amazon.com was one of the first companies to try to sell products on the internet. Jeff Bezos started the company. He was a successful vice-president of a company in New York. One day he had a vision of the future. He thought the world wide Web is growing 2000 percent a year. It's going to continue to grow. Shopping is going to move to the internet. People are going to shop on line. At the Amazon.com site people can search for a book about a subject, read what other people think about the books, order them by credit card and get them in the mail in two days. In a few years, Amazon.com had 10 million customers and listed (sold) 18 million different items including books, CDs, electronics, videos and DVDs. <br />Questions<br />1. How long ago did few people use the internet?<br />………………………………………………………………<br />………………………………………………………………<br />Who were the first to use the internet?<br />…………………………………………………………<br />Mention one of the first companies that tried to sell products on the internet?<br />…………………………………………………………<br />What did Jeff Bezos think of the World Wide Web?<br />…………………………………………………………<br />At the Amazon.com, what can people search for?<br />……………………………………………………………<br />Put [T] if the statement is true and [F] if it is false.<br />1- Thirty years ago, many people used the internet. [ ]<br />2. Now, not everyone knows about the internet. [ ]<br />3. Bezos thought the World Wide Web is growing 200 percent a year.[ ]<br />4. If you order items online, you can get them in two weeks. [ ] <br />5. Jeff Bezos had a vision about the future. [ ]<br />III..Circle the correct answer.<br />1. The title of the article is quot;
Internet Shoppingquot;
. Another possible title is ……………<br />a) quot;
Internet gamesquot;
B) quot;
Shopping on the Internetquot;
<br /> c) quot;
Information and the Internetquot;
<br />2. Jeff Bezos is …………..<br />a) Billionaire b) scientist <br /> c) vice-president of a company<br />3. According to the passage, customers can order items such as…………. <br />a) food and beverages b) cars and stationery <br /> c) books, CDs, electronics, videos and DVDs<br />III. Vocabulary building<br />Match the words. Write letters on the lines.<br />...... future a. television<br /> ...... billion b. flower<br />...... cancer c. customer<br />...... garden d. dollars<br />...... actor e. disease<br />...... shopping f. predict<br />Part II. Writing<br />Sentence pattern 3. The most common pattern in English is:<br />Subject + verb + object<br />Subject + verb + object<br />The car hit the tree<br />Ali played football<br />Write some more examples using this pattern.<br />………………………………………………………………………………………………………………<br />……………………………………………………<br />Sentence pattern 4. Some verbs don't take an object. They are complete with only a subject and a verb.<br />Subject + verb<br />The man jumped<br />The action of the verb doesn't cause something to happen to someone or something else. Instead there's only an actor and the action. This kind of verb is called an intransitive verb.<br />With intransitive verbs, there is often a prepositional phrase after the verb that tells us where, when, or how the action happened.<br />Subject + verb + prepositional phrase<br />The man jumped in the pool.<br />Write some more examples using this pattern.<br />………………………………………………………………………………………………………………<br />…………………………………………………………………………………………………………<br />Part III. Grammar<br /> NOUNS:<br />Singular Consonant soundVowel soundNotesI am I am a doctor. Are you a student? Juan is a citizen. I am an engineer. Are you an exchange student? Juan is an immigrant. Use a or an with a singular noun. Use a before a consonant sound. Use a before a vowel sound.<br />Plural Consonant soundVowel soundNotes We are doctors. Are you students? They are citizens. We are engineers. Are you exchange students? They are immigrants. Do not use a or an with plural nouns.<br />Exercise: Here are names of some occupations. Number them in alphabetical order. Then add a or an before each occupation.<br />---------- ---------- nurse’s aide ---------- ---------- musician<br />---------- ---------- plumber ---------- ---------- dentist<br />-----1--- ----an--- airplane pilot ---------- ---------- student<br />---------- ---------- computer programmer ---------- ---------- engineer<br />---------- ---------- nurse ---------- ---------- bus driver<br />---------- ---------- carpenter ---------- ---------- secretary<br />---------- ---------- English teacher ---------- ---------- doctor<br />---------- ---------- businesswoman ---------- ---------- auto mechanic<br />SPELLING RULES FOR NOUNS:<br />Notes SingularPlural Most plural nouns end in –s Friend Student Teacher Friends Students teachers Nouns ending with consonant + y change to -iesCity FamilyParty Cities Families parties Nouns ending with vowel + y add –s onlyBoyKeyPlayBoysKeysplays Nouns ending with ch, sh, s, and x add –es ChurchDishKissBox Churches Dishes Kisses boxes Nouns ending with consonant + o add –es Potato Tomato Potatoes tomatoes Nouns ending with vowel + o add –s only RadioZoo Radioszoos Nouns ending with f or fe change to –vesShelfWife Shelves wives Some irregular nouns Person ChildMan WomanFoot Goose Mouse People ChildrenMen WomenFeet Geese mice<br />Exercise: Write the plural of these nouns.<br />Example: child ----------children---------- dish --------dishes------------<br />man ----------------------- 6. potato -----------------------<br />woman ----------------------- 7. toy -----------------------<br />baby ----------------------- 8. farm -----------------------<br />boy ----------------------- 9. city ----------------------- <br />church ----------------------- 10. wife -----------------------<br /> Exercise: Use plural nouns to complete the reading.<br /> Our ----farms----- (farm) are busy --------------------- place). There are many<br />-------------------- (animal) to take care of. We have ------------------- (cow), -------------------- (horse), ------------------------ (chicken), ----------------------- (duck), and ----------------------- (goose). Our ----------------------- (child) have many ----------------------- (pet): ---------------------- (dog), -------------------------- (cat), and even ------------------------ (mouse)!Both our ----------------- (wife) have big ------------------------ (garden) too. There are ----------------------- (flower) and ----------------------------- (vegetable) to take care of. Right now we have ------------------------ (carrot), -------------------------- (onion), ------------------------- (tomato), and ------------------------- (potato). There are many, many --------------------------- (thing) to do. Our --------------------------- (family) are always busy on the farm.<br />Part I. Reading Comprehension<br />Read the following passage and then answer the questions below.<br />Our Family Reunion<br />These are pictures of my family. We don’t live together. We live in different cities, but we often talk to each other on the phone. Every summer all the relatives come together for a week. This is our family reunion.<br />In our family, people come to the reunion from Massachusetts, New Mexico, British Columbia, and Louisiana. One of my cousins flies to the United States from Ireland! We usually meet in a small town in Pennsylvania. My great grandparents lived in this town.<br />At the reunion, we have a picnic one day at a beautiful lake. We play baseball, swim, and eat a lot. We play volleyball too. The women and girls are on one team, and the men and boys are on the other. One night we always have a big barbecue. We sit around a fire, tell stories, and eat a lot. On the last night, we have a dinner dance at a nice hotel. <br />We don't only eat. We visit with each other all week. We talk about problems. We plan weddings and cry about divorces. Sometimes we argue. All bring their new babies, new wives and husbands. <br />It's good to have a big family. But at the end of the week, I'm always very tired! I'm happy to be alone.<br />Questions:<br />1. What happens every summer?<br />…………………………………………………………<br />Where do the people of the family usually meet?<br />…………………………………………………………..<br />What do they do on the last night?<br />…………………………………………………………<br />Is it good to have a big family?<br />…………………………………………………………<br />What do they all bring?<br />………………………………………………………….<br />II. Circle the letters of the answers.<br />1. How often do the people have a reunion?<br /> a) each month b) every year c) every five years<br />2. How long is the reunion?<br />a) one week b) two weeks c) one year<br />3. What's most important about a family reunion?<br />a) It's a chance to eat a lot. b) It brings distant family members together. c) All bring their new wives.<br />4. How does the writer feel at the end of the week?<br />a) unhappy b) happy c) tired<br />Vocabulary building:<br />Match the words from column (A) with their equivalents from column (B).<br /> A B<br />the internet a. the number of people in a square mile<br />density b. fixing up a house<br />monster c. the web<br />garage d. no space<br />crowded e. like real but on a computer<br />home improvement f. a terrible thing<br />virtual g. a place to keep cars.<br />Part II. Writing<br />A paragraph is a group of sentences. The sentences are about the same idea. A paragraph always begins with an indented space. Read this paragraph and complete the chart.<br />Indented space – I am a student. I live in Los Angeles. My favorite place is near there. The name of the place is the Huntington Library and gardens. The library is a beautiful white building. In spring the gardens are full of flowers. There are many visitors there. <br />SubjectbeComplementI am a studentisnear thereThe name of the placeA beautiful white buildingIn spring the gardens<br /> Writing practice<br />Write a paragraph about yourself.<br />……………………………………………………………<br />………………………………………………………………<br />………………………………………………………………<br />……………………………………………………………<br />……………………………………………………………<br />………………………………………………………………<br />Part III. Grammar<br />NEGATIVE STATEMENTS<br />FormSubject + be + notLong formContractionContractionI am not late.I’m not late. (no contraction)You are not late.You ‘re not late.You aren’t late.HeSheIt is not late.He’sShe’sIt’s not lateHeSheIt isn’t late.WeYouTheyare not late.We’reYou’reThey’renot late.WeYouThey aren’t late.<br /> POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES:<br />SingularI am Natalie.You are Nancy.He is Hau.She is Mei.It is Lukas (the dog).My name is Natalie.Your name is Nancy.His name is Hau.Her name is Mei.Its name is Lukas (the dog).<br />PluralWe are Ali and Mohammed.You are Isabelle and Pierre.They are Daniel and Ben.Our names are Ali and Mohammed.Your names are Isabelle and Pierre.Their names are Daniel and Ben.<br />Exercise: Circle the correct form.<br />(I / My) name is Natalie.<br />(I / My) am from Switzerland.<br />(We / Our) hometown is Bern.<br />(We / Our) are from France.<br />(I / My) family is in Italy now.<br />What is (you / your) name?<br />How old are (you / your)?<br />(He / His) name is Gary.<br />(She / Her) is Nancy.<br />(They / Their) dog is Lukas.<br />(It / Its) name is Lukas.<br />(It / Its) is seven years old.<br /> THERE IS / THERE ARE – AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE STATEMENTS:<br />Affirmative Statements<br />FormThere + be + subjectLong FormContractionWith a singular nounThere is a museum downtown.There’s a museum downtown.With plural nounsThere are many banks downtown.There’re many banks downtown.<br />FormThere + be + not + subjectLong FormContractionWith a singular nounThere is not a post office nearby.There isn’t a post office nearby.With plural nounsThere are not many stores downtown.There aren’t many stores downtown.<br /> Negative Statements<br />Exercise: Use isn’t or aren’t to complete these sentences.<br /> There ------isn’t-------- a wharf in Houston.<br />There ---------------------- many large parks.<br />There ---------------------- many rivers.<br />There ---------------------- mountains nearby.<br />There ---------------------- many hills in Houston.<br />There ---------------------- cable cars.<br />There ---------------------- a subway.<br />There ---------------------- snow in Houston.<br />THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS<br /> AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS<br />FormSubject + be + verb + -ingLong formContractionNotes I am looking. I’m looking.The present continuous tense tells about actions in progress now.Common time expressions with this tense are now or right now. You are looking. You’re looking.HeSheIt is looking.He’sShe’sIt’s looking. We YouThey are looking. We’re You’re They’re looking.<br />Exercise: Use the present continuous to complete these sentences. <br />Mike -------is buying------- (buying) gifts.<br />The little boys ---------------------------------------- (playing).<br />The little girl and her mother -------------------------------------- (taking) a walk.<br />They ---------------------------------------- (looking) at toys.<br />The teenage girls ------------------------------------- (shopping) for new clothes.<br />The woman -------------------------------------- (going) home.<br />The teenage boy -------------------------------- (listening) to music.<br />The old man ---------------------------------- (reading) the newspaper.<br /> YES / NO QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS<br />Form for questionsBe + subject + verb + ingForm for short answersYes + subject + verbNo + subject + verb + notQuestionsPossible AnswersAre you looking?AffirmativeYes, I am.NegativeNo, I’m not. HeIs she looking? ItYes, he is.Yes, she is.Yes, it is.No, he isn’t / he’s not.No, she isn’t / she’s not.No, it isn’t / it’s not.Are we looking?Are you looking?Are they looking?Yes, we are.Yes, you are.Yes, they are.No, we aren’t / we’re not.No, you aren’t / you’re not.No, they aren’t / they’re not.<br />Part I. Reading Comprehension<br />Read the following passage and then answer the questions below.<br />Sleep and Health<br />One of the easiest and cheapest ways to help your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night, but more and more people in the world are not sleeping enough. According to The World Health organization, over half the people in the word may be sleep-deprived. The result of this is not just a lot of tired people, in the United States alone, sleepy drivers cause at least 100,000 car crashes and 1500 deaths a year. Problems with sleep can also cause mental problems, as well as medical problems such as high blood pressure, diabetes, thyroid problems, and heart problems.<br />quot;
Anything that slows down work is a waste,quot;
said Thomas Edison, the inventor of the light bulb. After the invention of the light bulb, he predicted that work days could be increased to 24 hours a day. American culture values work and often doesn't value sleep, in fact, people who sleep a lot are often called quot;
lazyquot;
. Many famous business and political leaders say proudly, quot;
I only have time to sleep four or five hours a night.quot;
Students, especially college students often sleep only a few hours a night. They often say, quot;
I'm used to sleeping only a little.quot;
<br />Questions:<br />I.<br />What is the easiest and cheapest way to help your health?<br />……………………………………………………….<br />What can problems with sleep cause? <br />………………………………………………………<br />Who is Thomas Edison?<br />……………………………………………………….<br />How often do college students sleep?<br />………………………………………………………<br />How many hours do business and political leaders sleep a night?<br />……………………………………………………….<br />Guess the meaning of the underlined words. Circle the letter to complete the sentence.<br />People who are sleep-deprived are always tired, often get angry easily, and don't do as well as other people on tests.<br />Sleep-deprived most likely means ……….. <br />having a lot of sleep b. getting angry asily<br />not having enough sleep.<br />He fell asleep and died in a terrible crash.<br />Crash most likely means………<br />a long trip b. a accident c. a small problem<br />George liked mental work, but not physical work. He liked to do math problems, but he hated to work in the garden.<br />Mental most likely means…………<br />in your mind b. with your body<br />c. paying a lot of money<br />III. Put [T] if the statement is true and [F] if it is false.<br />1. According to The World Health organization, less than one half the people in the word may be sleep-deprived. [ ] <br />2. In the United States alone, sleepy drivers cause at least 1500 car crashes and 100,000 deaths a year. [ ]<br />3. Sleeping eight hours or more every night can help your health. [ ]<br />4. Thomas Edison is the inventor of TV. [ ]<br />5. Thomas Edison predicted that work days could be decreased to 6 hours a day. [ ]<br />Part II. Writing<br /> Using the Simple Present Tense<br />1-Read this letter to a pen pal.(Pen pals are persons who write to each other but never have met.)The letter is from a real student from Los Angeles.<br /> Dear pen pal,<br /> My name is Laila Bel-Gassim. I'm 20 years old. I live in Los Angeles, California. I live with my friends from Algeria. I work in a clothing factory, decorating clothes. For example, I sew jewelry on fancy dresses. Sometimes, movie stars wear them.<br /> I like to read, and I enjoy ice skating. In Los Angeles, you have to go ice skating at indoor skatin rinks, because it never gets cold enough outside for ice. It's fun to go ice skating when it's 90 degrees outside.<br /> My favorite TV programs are the National Geographic specials. I like them because I am very interested in foreign countries. I would like to travel to China and Australia some day. <br />Sincerely Yours,<br />Laila Bel-Gassim<br /> - Write three interesting things about Laila.<br />Example<br />Laila is from Algeria.<br />1-___________________________________________<br />2-___________________________________________<br />3-___________________________________________<br />-Practicing the Writing Process<br />-Write information about yourself in the blanks. Use Laila 's letter to help you.<br />1- My name is________________________________.<br />2-I am ___________________years old.<br />3-I live______________________________________.<br />4-On weekends I like to _______________________.<br />5-I like_____________(reading, watching movies, etc.<br />6- __________________________________________.<br />7-___________________________________________.<br />8-___________________________________________.<br />Part III. Grammar<br />THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE<br />A. THE VERB HAVE – Affirmative Statements<br />FormSubject + haveSubject + hasIYouWeTheyhave a house.HeSheIthas a house.<br />Exercise: Use have or has to complete these sentences.<br /> 1. I’m Rose Somma. There are ten people in my family. I ------------------- a mother, a father, and seven sisters and brothers. I also ----------------------- many cousins. My oldest cousin is married. She ----------------------- a daughter and a baby boy.<br />2. I’m Steve Mason. Loretta and I ---------------------- a small family. I ------------------- three sisters and brothers. We all ---------------------- children.<br />B. THE VERB DO – AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS<br />FormSubject + doSubject + doesIYouWeThey have a house.HeShe It does lot of work.Expressionsdo dishesdo houseworkdo homeworkdo laundrydo + verb + -ingdo cleaningdo gardening do shopping<br />Exercise: Use do or does to complete this reading.<br /> We have a lot of housework in the Somma family. We all ----do----- chores in our house. My mother --------------------- the grocery shopping. She also ----------------- the laundry, but my older sisters ------------------- the ironing. My younger sisters ------------------ the vacuuming. I --------------------- the dishes every morning, and my brother --------------------- the dishes every night. My father ------------------- most of the cooking. He also -------------------- the gardening. We all --------------------- housework every day.<br />Part I. Reading Comprehension<br />Read the following passage and then answer the questions below.<br />Volunteers<br />some people go to work each day and then come home. They spend time with their family and friends. Maybe they watch TV or go to a movie. Sometimes they exercise or read. This is their life. But for other people this isn't enough. They look around their neighborhoods and see people with terrible hardships: Sickness, loneliness, and homelessness. Other people see problems with the environment. Many people want to help. They volunteer. They give some of their time to help others. <br />Volunteers help in many ways. Some visit sick and lonely people. Some give their friendship to children without parents. Some build houses for homeless people. Others sit and hold babies with AIDS. <br />Andy Lipkis was at summer camp when he planted his first tree. He began to think about the environment. In many countries people were cutting down trees. Andy Lipkis worried about this. In 1974, he started a group, Tree People, to plant trees: Pine, elm, cypress, and eucalyptus. Today, there are thousands of members of tree people, and more join every day. They plant millions of trees everywhere.<br />Questions:<br />How do some people spend their time?<br /> ……………………………………………………………………<br />……………………………………………………………………<br />Mention some of the terrible hardships.<br />……………………………………………………………………<br />What are the ways by which volunteers can help?<br />……………………………………………………………………<br />……………………………………………………………………<br />Why did Andy worry?<br />……………………………………………………………………<br />What do thousands of members of Tree People do today?<br />……………………………………………………………………<br />……………………………………………………………………<br />Vocabulary building<br />Some words end in – less. The ending – less means quot;
without.quot;
<br />Example<br />This gum doesn't have sugar. It is sugarless. <br />Write a word for each definition (meaning)<br />She doesn't have a home . she is ……………<br />He doesn't have a job. He is ……………<br />They don't have hope. They are ……………<br />He doesn't have a friend. He is……………<br />She didn't get any sleep last night. It was a …………… night.<br /> He doesn't have a heart. (He doesn't care about people.). he is ……………<br />We use suffixes – word endings – a lot in English. For example, we take the noun sleep and add the suffix- less (without). The new word- sleepless is an adjective that means quot;
without sleep.quot;
Then we can turn sleepless into another noun by adding the suffix- ness. The new word- sleeplessness- means quot;
the condition of not having any sleep. Here are some common examples.<br />home homeless homelessness<br />hope hopeless hopelessness<br />power powerless powerlessness<br />Write the correct form of No's 1,2, and 3 on the following lines<br />John lost his home. …………… is a big problem in this city, and he felt very unhappy because he was ……………<br />When people become homeless they often lose …………… for the future. They begin to feel …………… …………… is a big problem for people living in the streets.<br />A person with no money has no ……………. This …………… can cause depression and sadness. A homeless person is always a …………… person.<br />Cross out the word that doesn't belong in each group.<br />Beautiful sunny meet lazy<br />Barbecue diabetes cancer disease<br />Spend waste save argue<br />Happy homeless sick lonely<br />Theory idea smell pattern<br />ova believe marry think<br />Dream sleep recurring food. <br />Grammar<br /> SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE OF OTHER VERBS – AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS<br />FormSubject + verbSubject + verb + -sNotesIYouWeThey work a lot.HeShe It works a lot.The simple present tense is used to talk about facts, opinions, and habits or schedules. Time expressions with this tense include every day, every week, always, and sometimes.<br /> <br />Exercise: Use the verb at the beginning of each paragraph to complete the reading.<br /> work (s)<br /> Joe Somma is 19 years old. He ----works----- at a grocery store. He ---------------------- 40 hours a week. His younger brothers ------------------------- at a car wash. They ---------------------- part-time ten hours a week. Joe’s father ------------------------ at a gas station, and his mother ---------------------- at a department store. They all ----------------------- very hard.<br /> love (s)<br /> Grandpa Somma is 80 years old. He ----loves---- his family. Every afternoon he ----------------to visit his grandchildren. They ---------------------- grandpa Somma. He -------------------- to tell stories. They ------------------------ to hear stories.<br /> eat (s)<br /> Pepper is the Sommas’ dog. She likes food. She -------------------- a lot. Every morning, the children -------------------- breakfast in the kitchen. The dog ----------------------- breakfast outside. After school, the boys ------------------------ a snack. Pepper -------------------- with them.<br />English for Communicative Purposes<br />1. Greeting:<br /> a) Good morning.<br /> b) Good afternoon.<br /> c) Good evening.<br /> d) Good night.<br />2. Introducing People:<br /> - This is Mr. / Mrs. ......<br />Reply: How do you do? - Nice to see you - Pleased to meet you.<br />3. Meeting People:<br /> a) How are you?<br />Reply: Fine, nice, tired, bored .........etc.<br /> b) Nice (Happy / Glad) to see (meet) you.<br />Reply: The same reply OR, me too.<br /> c) How do you do?<br />Reply: How do you do?<br />N.B: “How do you do?” may be replaced by<br /> “Nice to see (meet) you, Mr. / Mrs. ........”<br />4. Offer:<br /> a) Can / May I help you?<br /> b) Can / May I do something for you?<br /> c) Shall I open the window for you?<br />Reply:<br /> - Yes, please. - That’s kind of you.(Agree)<br /> - No, thanks. I can manage.(Disagree)<br />5. Request:<br /> a) Can you help me, please?<br /> b) Could / Will you open the window for me, please?<br /> c) May I use your pen?<br /> d) I’d like to try Chinese tea.<br />Reply:<br /> - With pleasure (Agree)<br /> - I’m sorry. I can’t. (Disagree)<br />6. Suggestion:<br /> a) What / How about going to the zoo?<br /> b) Let’s go to the pyramids.<br /> c) Why don’t you have a nice time?<br />Reply:<br /> - That would be nice (wonderful, fantastic, etc.) (Approval)<br /> - No, thanks. I am not for the idea. It’s boring (tiring, <br /> disappointing, etc.) (Disapproval)<br />7. Speaking on the Phone:<br /> a) Hello, is this Mr. .......?<br /> b) I’d like to speak to Mr. ..........<br /> c) May / Could I speak to Mr. ...........<br />Reply:<br /> - Yes, surely - Hold on a moment - Wrong number.<br />8. Thanking:<br /> Thanks - Thank you<br />Reply:<br /> - Not at all - It’s nothing - Don’t mention it - It is a pleasure.<br />9. Apologizing:<br /> a) I’m sorry (afraid)<br /> b) Pardon me.<br /> c) I beg your pardon.<br /> d) Forgive me.<br /> e) Excuse my liberty.<br />Reply:<br /> Don’t worry - It’s all right.<br />10. Warning:<br /> a) Mind you, don’t get burnt.<br /> b) Be careful or you will get hurt.<br /> c) If you make noise, I’ll dismiss you.<br /> d) Listen carefully or go out.<br />11. Expressing Opinion:<br /> a) I think (that) he is a good man.<br /> b) In my opinion (viewpoint) it is not a problem.<br />12. Wishing:<br /> a) I wish you a happy life.<br /> b) I hope he would succeed.<br /> c) Have a nice time.<br /> d) May God fulfill your wishes.<br />13. Congratulation:<br /> a) My congratulations<br /> b) I congratulate you on winning the prize.<br /> c) Happy New Year (Birthday, etc.)<br />14. Advising:<br /> a) You should listen very carefully to your teacher.<br /> b) You ought to exert much effort.<br /> c) You had better stay at home.<br /> d) I advise you to work hard.<br /> e) Don’t forget your ticket.<br />15. Prohibition:<br /> a) You mustn’t leave the place.<br /> b) You can’t do that.<br /> c) No Parking (Smoking / Camping, etc)<br /> d) You aren’t allowed to park here.<br />16. Certainty:<br /> a) Certainly (surely / of course)<br /> b) It must be a bird.<br />17. Uncertainty / Doubt:<br /> a) Perhaps. I am not sure - It all depends.<br /> b) It may (might) be a bird.<br />18. Agreeing:<br /> a) I agree with you. b) Yes, please.<br /> c) It’s ok.<br />19. Disagreeing:<br /> a) I don’t agree with you.<br /> b) No, I don’t think so.<br /> c) It is not O.K.<br />20. Feeling of Satisfaction:<br /> a) It’s kind (nice, etc) of you.<br /> b) How thoughtful of you.<br />21. Obligation:<br /> a) You must do your homework.<br /> b) You have to come on time.<br />22. Intention:<br /> a) I intend to leave for London.<br /> b) I will travel next Sunday.<br /> c) I’m going to buy a new car.<br />23. Presenting Things:<br /> a) Here you are.<br /> b) Here is your pen.<br />24. Expressing Supposition:<br /> a) Suppose you were the king, what would you do?<br /> b) If you were a millionaire, how would you live?<br />25. Asking for Permission:<br /> a) Let us go out.<br /> b) Allow us to have a break.<br /> c) May / Can / Would I have a look at your album?<br />26. Encouragement:<br /> - Well done - Wonderful - Great - Very good - Excellent, etc.<br />27. Surprise:<br /> - What a surprise! - Impossible! - Unbelievable!<br />28. Approval:<br /> a) That sounds nice.<br /> b) It is a wonderful idea.<br /> c) They look charming.<br /> d) It is very delightful.<br />29. Disapproval:<br /> a) It’s a foolish idea.<br /> b) It’s annoying (disappointing, frustrating, etc.)<br /> c) It’s no good.<br />30. Persuading:<br /> a) Come on. It’s really wonderful.<br /> b) Won’t you have a nice time?<br /> c) Wouldn’t you like to meet your old friends?<br />Contractions<br />Comparing long forms and contractions. Listen to the following sentences from your teacher. They contain contractions. Repeat them after the teacher.<br />Long form contraction<br />How is it going? How's it going?<br />I am fine. I'm fine.<br />How are you? How're you?<br />Seoul is the capital. Seoul's the capital.<br />It is a really big city It's a really big city.<br />That is a lot of people! That's a lot of people!<br />References<br />1.Interactions Access. Reading and Writing (4th Middle East Edition) by Pamela Hartman & James Mentel.<br />2. Interactions Access. Grammar (4th Edition) by Patricia K. Werner, John P. Nelson & Marilynn Spaventa.<br />3. Interactions Access. Listening and Speaking (4th Middle East Edition) by Emily Austin Thrush, Laurie Blass & Robert Baldwin.<br />4. Practising Academic Writing by Patrick Miller.<br />