1. --AZFAR SHAIKH
F.Y.Bsc-IT
FIFTY(50)

2.  It is simply a computer that enables the user
to write, modify, debug & test programs.
 In a microprocessor-based development
system, a microcomputer is used to develop
software for a particular microprocessor.
 Generally, the microcomputer has a large R/W
memory(typically, 8M to 64M),disk storage,
and a video terminal with an ASCII keyboard.

3.  The system (I/Os, files, programs,etc.) is
managed by a program called the operating
system.
 The hardware & software features of a
software development system are described
in the next sections.

4.  Software development system includes an
ASCII keyboard, a CRT terminal, an MPU
board with 8M to 64M R/W memory and disc
controllers, and disk drives.
 The disk controller is an interfacing circuit
through which the mpu can access a disk &
provide Read/Write control signals.
 The disk drives have Read/Write elements,
which are responsible for reading and writing
data on the disk.

5.  At present, most systems are equipped a 3.5-
inch disk stores 1.44M bytes of information.
 The storage capacity of a typical hard disk in
a pc is 2.2G(giga) bytes or higher.

6.  It is made up of a thin magnetic material (iron
oxide) that can store logic 0s and 1s in the
form of magnetic direction.
 The surface on the disk is divided into a
number of concentric tracks, & each track is
divided into sectors.
 Data are stored on concentric circular tracks
on both sides(known as doubled-sided).
 At the edge of the disk there is a ‘notch’
called write protected notch.

8.  Another type of storage memory used with
computers called a hard disk.
 In general the disk is fastened in a dustfree
drive mechanism.
 It is highly precise & reliable.
 It requires sophisticated controller circuitry.
 It is more stable than the floppy disk.
 They are available in various sizes & their
storage capacity is quite large in the order of
gigabytes.

10.  A cd-rom is a optical disk that uses a laser
beam to store digital information that can be
read with a laser diode.
 The disk is immune to dust and mechanical
wear because of its optical nature.
 It comes in various size(3.5-14inch) and
stores huge amount of data from 100mb to
several gb.

12.  The operating system of a computer is a
group of programs that manages or oversees
all the operations of the computer
 The computer transfers information
constantly among peripherals such as a
floppy disk, printer, keyboard and video
monitor.
 Its also stores user programs under file name
on a disk

13.  Each computer has its own operating system.
Known as MS-DOS(Microsoft Disk Operating
System), OS/2(Operating system 2),
Windows95(98) and UNIX.
 MS-Dos is being replaced by newer operating
system such as Microsoft Windows 95
(windows 98), IBM, OS/2 (Operating System 2)
and UNIX.

14.  It is designed to handle 16-bit data word and
640k memory system and disks with
quad(high)- density disk format with memory
capacity of 720K and 1,200K. Similarly, it can
support a hard disk and includes a hierarchial
file directory.
 It supports:
 Multitasking
 Telecommunications
 multimedia

15.  It is a multitasking operating system, meaning
the user can run multiple applications
concurrently.
 WINDOWS 95(98):
 it is a 32-bit single user o/s designed by
Microsoft.
 It has graphical interface and it supports the use
of mouse, icons and menus.
 It is also a multitasking o/s similar to O/S2
 WINDOWS 98 is an upgraded version of windows
95.

16.  It is a multiuser, multitasking o/s.
 It was designed for mini computers but it is
now used on various machines ranging from
Microcomputers to Supercomputers.
 It is widely used in:
 Engineering
 Scientific
 Research Environment

17.  It is well suited for Networking and Graphical
environment.
 Eg:- Solaris (it is widely used in high end
microcomputers such as workstation and
network servers)
 (It was designed by Sun microsystem)
 (It is capable of handling 64 computers and is
being upgraded to 128 computers)

18. THANK YOU