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FOLNA KISELINA
Aldina Suljaković
 Uvod
 Folna kiselina je vitamin B (vitamin B9) koji je rastvorljiv u vodi. Folna kiselina je neophodna ljudskom
organizmu u mnogim metaboličkim procesima, a njen uticaj je posebno važan kada se govori o replikaciji
genetskog materijala, podeli somatskih ćelija i metabolizmu C1.
 Pošto organizam ne može sam da sintetiše folnu kiselinu, neophodno je da je unosimo hranom ili, u
ekstremnim slučajevima, dodacima ishrani ili putem obogaćene hrane.
 Posebno je važan u trudnoći jer njegov deficit može izazvati pobačaje i određene fetalne anomalije.
 Folna kiselina i folati
 Folna kiselina (pteroilmonoglutaminska kiselina) je najoksidiraniji i
najstabilniji oblik folata, a ovaj oblik se koristi u vitaminskim
suplementima i obogaćenim prehrambenim proizvodima.
 U suplementima ishrani pojavljuje se kao pteroilmonoglutaminska
kiselina, dok se u hrani pojavljuje u obliku različitih derivata
glutaminske kiseline
 Struktura folne kiselina
 Osnovna struktura je dvostruki aromatični pteridinski prsten vezan za paraaminobenzoat i glutamat, cela
struktura se naziva pteroilglutaminska kiselina (slika 1). Hemijska formula je C1H19N7O6.
 Folati u ishrani
 Folna kiselina je sveprisutna u hrani. Javljaju se u veoma velikom spektru u različitim namirnicama biljnog i
životinjskog porekla.
 Folati u hrani se vezuju za proteine i za tzv polisaharidi za skladištenje (skrob i glikogen). Prirodni folati su
obično u obliku poliglutamata povezanog sa pteroilheptaglutamatom koji je dominantno prisutan u kvascu.
 Slično nedostatku vitamina B12, nedostatak folata je češći u siromašnim regionima širom sveta gde je
dostupnost hrane ograničena
 Većina dijetalnih folata lako oksidira i stoga su nestabilni na oksidaciju i aerobne uslove tokom obrade i
skladištenja.
 U takvim uslovima (naročito uz dodatno prisustvo toplote, svetlosti i/ili metalnih jona) derivati FH4 mogu
lako da se oksiduju u odgovarajuću dihidrofolnu kiselinu (FH2) ili derivate folne kiseline, od kojih neki
mogu dalje da reaguju da bi dobili fiziološki neaktivne komponente
 Stabilnost folne kiseline (i većine oblika folata) može se značajno povećati delovanjem askorbinske kiseline.
 FOLNA KISELINA KAO DODATAK ISHRANI
 Potrebe za folnom kiselinom se povećavaju i do 100% tokom trudnoće i obično se ne mogu zadovoljiti samo
unosom hrane.
 Zbog nepostojanja obavezne fortifikacije u nekim evropskim zemljama, kao i u Hrvatskoj, trebalo bi pojačati
nacionalne kampanje za povećanje znanja i upotrebe folne kiseline među ženama.
 Žene koje planiraju da zatrudne treba da počnu da uzimaju suplemente folne kiseline pre začeća i da nastave
da ih uzimaju do dvanaeste nedelje trudnoće.
 ZAKLJUČAK
 Dokazano je da je potreba za folnom kiselinom tokom trudnoće značajno povećana. Razlozi za to su rast i
razvoj placente i deteta.
 Dnevne potrebe za folnom kiselinom tokom trudnoće povećavaju se za skoro 100% i teško ih je zadovoljiti
samo ishranom.
 Pošto je neophodan za rast ćelija, njegov nedostatak značajno utiče na reproduktivnu funkciju kao i na
formiranje krvnih zrnaca.

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FOLNA KISELINA - prezentacija.pptx

  • 2.  Uvod  Folna kiselina je vitamin B (vitamin B9) koji je rastvorljiv u vodi. Folna kiselina je neophodna ljudskom organizmu u mnogim metaboličkim procesima, a njen uticaj je posebno važan kada se govori o replikaciji genetskog materijala, podeli somatskih ćelija i metabolizmu C1.  Pošto organizam ne može sam da sintetiše folnu kiselinu, neophodno je da je unosimo hranom ili, u ekstremnim slučajevima, dodacima ishrani ili putem obogaćene hrane.  Posebno je važan u trudnoći jer njegov deficit može izazvati pobačaje i određene fetalne anomalije.
  • 3.  Folna kiselina i folati  Folna kiselina (pteroilmonoglutaminska kiselina) je najoksidiraniji i najstabilniji oblik folata, a ovaj oblik se koristi u vitaminskim suplementima i obogaćenim prehrambenim proizvodima.  U suplementima ishrani pojavljuje se kao pteroilmonoglutaminska kiselina, dok se u hrani pojavljuje u obliku različitih derivata glutaminske kiseline
  • 4.  Struktura folne kiselina  Osnovna struktura je dvostruki aromatični pteridinski prsten vezan za paraaminobenzoat i glutamat, cela struktura se naziva pteroilglutaminska kiselina (slika 1). Hemijska formula je C1H19N7O6.
  • 5.  Folati u ishrani  Folna kiselina je sveprisutna u hrani. Javljaju se u veoma velikom spektru u različitim namirnicama biljnog i životinjskog porekla.  Folati u hrani se vezuju za proteine i za tzv polisaharidi za skladištenje (skrob i glikogen). Prirodni folati su obično u obliku poliglutamata povezanog sa pteroilheptaglutamatom koji je dominantno prisutan u kvascu.  Slično nedostatku vitamina B12, nedostatak folata je češći u siromašnim regionima širom sveta gde je dostupnost hrane ograničena
  • 6.  Većina dijetalnih folata lako oksidira i stoga su nestabilni na oksidaciju i aerobne uslove tokom obrade i skladištenja.  U takvim uslovima (naročito uz dodatno prisustvo toplote, svetlosti i/ili metalnih jona) derivati FH4 mogu lako da se oksiduju u odgovarajuću dihidrofolnu kiselinu (FH2) ili derivate folne kiseline, od kojih neki mogu dalje da reaguju da bi dobili fiziološki neaktivne komponente  Stabilnost folne kiseline (i većine oblika folata) može se značajno povećati delovanjem askorbinske kiseline.
  • 7.  FOLNA KISELINA KAO DODATAK ISHRANI  Potrebe za folnom kiselinom se povećavaju i do 100% tokom trudnoće i obično se ne mogu zadovoljiti samo unosom hrane.  Zbog nepostojanja obavezne fortifikacije u nekim evropskim zemljama, kao i u Hrvatskoj, trebalo bi pojačati nacionalne kampanje za povećanje znanja i upotrebe folne kiseline među ženama.  Žene koje planiraju da zatrudne treba da počnu da uzimaju suplemente folne kiseline pre začeća i da nastave da ih uzimaju do dvanaeste nedelje trudnoće.
  • 8.  ZAKLJUČAK  Dokazano je da je potreba za folnom kiselinom tokom trudnoće značajno povećana. Razlozi za to su rast i razvoj placente i deteta.  Dnevne potrebe za folnom kiselinom tokom trudnoće povećavaju se za skoro 100% i teško ih je zadovoljiti samo ishranom.  Pošto je neophodan za rast ćelija, njegov nedostatak značajno utiče na reproduktivnu funkciju kao i na formiranje krvnih zrnaca.