1. SEACOM ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Project Presentation on “Study and Demonstration of
principle on Turbocharger”
Presented by:A
bhijit Nandy-20600710091
Priyam Ghose-20600710090
Utsab Koley-20600710096
Hiranmoy Gorai-09206007062
Moudrik Sarkar-09206007051
Indranil Chatterjee-09206007050
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Mechanical Engineering
8Th Semester
2. WHAT IS A TURBOCHARGER ?
It is a turbine driven compressor.
It uses the waste energy from exhaust gas to increase
the charge mass of air and power of the engine.
3. WHY WE USE ?
It uses some of the unused energy contained in the hot
exhaust gases.
Wide range of power levels.
Increases the density of the air to add more fuel.
Reduces specific fuel oil consumption.
Improves mechanical, thermal efficiencies.
4. SUPERCHARGERS
In basic concept, a supercharger is nothing more than an
air pump mechanically driven by the engine itself.
Usually compress the fuel/air mixture after it leaves the
carburetor.
Some of the power created is offset by the power required
to drive the supercharger.
5. SUPERCHARGING PRINCIPLES
When air–fuel charge
is ignited it produces
force which is directly
a function of the
charge density.
So here we increase
the charge density by
using supercharger.
The more air and fuel that can
be packed in a cylinder, the
greater the density of the air–
fuel charge.
6. WHY TURBOCHARGERS ? NOT SUPRECHARGERS
The turbocharger does not drain power from the engine.
By connecting a turbocharger as much as 40% to 50% of waste
energy we can use.
INTAKE AIR
CARBURETOR
EXHAUST
7. Some of the power created is waste to drive the
Supercharger as it is driven directly from the
engine.
FUEL/AIR
MIXTURE
EXHAUST
GASES
8. Turbocharging Principles
A part of the
exhaust gas
energy is treated
by the turbine
The turbine power
is transmitted to
the compressor
through the
rotating shaft
The air is
pressurized by the
compressor
The air cooler
brings the air to a
high density to the
engine by
decreasing the
temperature
The engine can
work at a high
power density
without increase
of the thermal
load
9. TURBOCHARGER DESIGN AND
OPERATION
Components of The Turbocharger of Our
Project
Turbine.
Air compressor.
Shaft
Waste gate
Lube holes or groove
Snap rings
Thrust Bearing
Heat Shield or The turbine back plate
Compressor & Turbine Housing
10. TURBINE
The exhaust from the cylinders passes through the
turbine blades, causing the turbine to spin.
There are two main turbine types: axial and radial flow used.
Material: K18(Special type of
stainless steel)
No Of Blades: 12 no’s
Wheel Diameter: 40mm
11. THE COMPRESSOR
Increases both density and pressure and across its vanes.
Centrifugal flow compressors are the most common in .
Air is drawn in axially, accelerated to high velocity and
then expelled in a radial direction.
Material: High quality, high
strength aluminium
alloys.
No Of Blades: 8no’s
Wheel Diameter: 50mm
12. SHAFT
It transmits the rotational motion and torque from
the turbine to the compressor.
Length: 120 mm
Diameter: Diameter is variable. Max Diameter =8mm, Min
Diameter=5mm,
Material: K18(Special type of stainless steel)
13. Housing
Compressor housings are made of a cast aluminium alloy.
Turbine housings are made of ductile irons or nickel alloyed
ductile irons.
15. BRAYTON CYCLE THE IDEAL CYCLE
FOR GAS-TURBINE
Brayton cycle, is made up of four internally reversible processes
1-2 Isentropic compression (in a compressor)
2-3 Constant-pressure heat addition
3-4 Isentropic expansion (in a turbine)
4-1 Constant-pressure heat rejection.
16. CONCEPT OF OPEN CYCLE & CLOSE
CYCLE GAS TURBINE
OPEN SYSTEM
The exhaust gases leaving
the turbine are thrown out
in atmosphere ,not re
circulated
CLOSE SYSTEM
The exhaust gases leaving the
turbine are not thrown out in
atmosphere ,hence re circulated
17. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE P-V DIAGRAMS OF
NATURALLY ASPIRATED & SUPERCHARGED
ENGINES
The two important differences are :
•Increase in pressure over the un supercharged cycle.
•The pumping loop of a supercharged engine is positive instead of
negative. Hence to get the net I.P the power represented by pumping loop
is to be added instead of being subtracted.
Net work output Wnet= work done by piston + Gas exchange work
= area 12341+ area 15671.
18. Application Range
o Diesel Powered Cars.
o Gasoline Powered Cars.
o Motorcycles.
o Trucks.
o Aircraft.
o Marine Engine.
19. Turbocharger Performance
Impact on Turbocharging high-speed engines
1996-2012
250%
200%
150%
100%
50%
0%
Turbocharger power used*
Engine power output
En gine fuel consumption
Engine emissions
Years
Level
* in terms of compressor power at engine design point for given volume flow rate and pressure
ratio
20. HIGH EFFICIENCY AT HIGH PRESSURE
RATIO
70
efficiency
65
60
Turbocharger 55
50
45
40
Compressor pressure ratio Full-load optimized specification
1 2 3 4 5 6
