Gives a brief overview of the lymphatic and immune system.

1. THE LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE SYSTEM Presented by KINGSLEY UBAWIKE BIOLOGY 120 PROFESSOR R. ABDULLAH

2. THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Two main functions; 1. Maintaining the body’s fluid balance. Fluid that filters into the body interstitially at the systemic capillary beds are returned to the bloodstream via the lymphatic vessels. Lymph plays a huge role in the body’s immunity

3. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Functional system the body uses in combating any foreign substance(bacteria, fungi, virus,etc.) Two basic intrinsic defense system; 1. Innate (non-specific) defense system. May be localized or systemic. These includes the barrier of the skin, mucus membranes, tears and the leukocytes. 2. Adaptive (specific) defense system. This is the second line of defense of the body. Cellular level Acquired immunity; This can be natural or artificial depending on how it is attained. Inherited immunity develops before birth and is a genetic trait. Humoral level Immune response resulting in tissue damage may be triggered by hypersensitivity to an antigen.

4. LYMPHOID ORGANS Lymph node; Principal lymphoid organ. Spleen; Largest lymphoid organ. Thymus; Prominent in new born, atrophy after puberty. Tonsils & adenoids; Simplest lymphoid organ.

5. PHAGOCYTOSIS A type of endocytocis in which a segment of plasma membrane is used to engulf any substance. Used by white blood cells to destroy micro- organisms or any foreign matter. White blood cells like macrophages, neutrophils continuously sweep internal organs, cavities for any foreign matter. However; Some bacteria like the Genus Bacillus anthracis, Pneumococcus has a capsular layer that enables them evade phagocytocis.

6. HOGKINS DISEASE A malignant cancer of the lymph nodes. Occurs in people between the ages of 15-30 years. Signs and symptoms; Paleness and enlargement of lymph nodes Itching, weight loss, fever, anemia, dysphagia Occurs mostly in men One of the most curable cancers Treatment ; Chemotherapy, radiation of the lymph nodes or bone marrow transfer.

7. LYMPHEDEMA This is swelling of the extremities due to blockage of the lymphatic vessels. Causes; Tumors Removal of lymphatics during cancer surgery Edema and reduced function in the extremity. Treatment; Use of drugs Lymphatic drainage.

8. REFRENCE Human Anatomy & Physiology by Elaine N. Marieb, Katja Hoehn. Health Careers Today by Judith Gerdin Microbiology an introduction by Tortora, Funke, Case. Medical Terminology; A living language by Bonnie F. Fremgen, Suzanne S. Frucht

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