1. Liberalism

2. Man is born free, but is everywhere in chains.

3. Liberal

4. Classical liberalism

7. State

11. Laissez-faire economics

15. The drunk in the gutter is just where he ought to be William Sumner (1884)

17. Classical Liberal beliefs The primacy of the individual Economic laissez faire & minimal state intervention Individual freedom & opportunity The rationality of human nature

18. Classical liberal ideas have been revived since the 1970s in the form of neo-liberalism. This has been adopted by right-wing conservatives within the New Right

20. Modern liberalism

22. T.H Green (1836-82)

26. Negative freedom and positive freedom

27. Negative freedom Negative freedom means freedom from external interference of any sort, especially by government and state.

28. That government is best which governs least. President Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

29. Heaven helps those who help themselves. Samuel Smiles 1859

31. 'Survival of the fittest' Charles Darwin

33. Repeal of the Corn Laws 1846

34. Positive freedom Positive freedom means freedom to achieve one’s own potential and personal development, and attain fulfilment.

36. Negative freedom Positive freedom Favoured by classical liberals Favoured by modern liberals The role of the state should be minimal, limited to providing security and order The state should help and intervene where necessary to allow people to flourish