An old presentation for which i am looking for updated info.

1. Local Action for Change - How Non Profit
NGOs Tackle Social Issues in Japan
NGO 202
Sarajean Rossitto
Sarajean.tuj@gmail.com
Temple University Japan
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2. Class 1 - Intro to the Japanese
nonprofit sector
Introductions.!
1.
Course outline.!
2.
Pressing issues in Japan.!
3.
General intro to nonprofit NGOs.!
4.
Intro to the Japanese nonprofit NGO sector.!
5.
Survey & For next week…!
6.
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3. Introduction to NGO 202
This course does not aim to:!
 Judge, compare or critique Japanese nonprofit NGOs.!
 Teach Japanese culture.!
 Teach English. !
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4. Introduction to NGO 202
About the TUJ NGO program!
Certificate => 3 core courses + 2 electives!
 Not about NGO role and functions (NGO 301)!
 Not an NGO English class (NGO 101)!
 Not a management or legal issues class (NGO
601, NGO 501)!
 Not a global issues class (NGO 201)!
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5. Introduction to NGO 202
 Class format!
– issues, websites, review of readings.
 WC Discussion
 Instructor presentation – present some key issues.!
 Group work – discussion and exercises readings &
websites.!
 Participant presentation - present summaries, final
project.
 Guest speakers - (1 ?)!
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6. Introduction to NGO 202
Hour 1!
Focus on social issues in Japan !
quot;– causes and effect of problems
Hour 2!
Find out more about programs and strategies used
by NGOs to deal with issues
Develop both knowledge and skills!
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7. Discussion: what do you know?
In 2 groups, discuss the following:!
What is a nonprofit organization?!

What makes an organization nongovernmental?!

Why are they necessary?!

What do they do?!

Why are there so many?!

What is their impact?!

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8. What makes an org nonprofit?
4 main principles:!
 Revenue goes back into the organization
 Self governing organizations
 Voluntary – people are involved out of own free will
 Have a mission, vision and principles for being!
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9. What makes an org nongovernmental?
Main principles:!
 Self governing organizations
 Voluntary – people are involved out of own free will
 Have an independent agenda - not tied to profit or
government!
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10. What are nonprofit NGOs?
Nonprofit is a legal, fiscal category!
Nongovernment is an relational, associative category!
Neither has anything to do with location of work.!
Neither mean no money, free or unprofessional.!
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11. What NGOs they do: in general
 Hold communities together, develop sense of
community
 Serve as a mouthpiece for those w/o a voice.
 Provide an avenue for community participation.
 Deal with problems other sectors can not.
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12. Why are they necessary?
 No one else can or will do this work !
 Government, business and NPNGO failures!
 Enhance quality of life!
 Ongoing social problems !
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13. Impact of what they do.
 Empower and train people and communities!
 Provide services!
 Educate and mobilize the public!
 Provide access to technology materials and/or
specialized know-how !
 Create new economy
 Affect policy !
 Measure government effectiveness
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14. Why are there so many?
 Needs - Wide array of problems and issues !
 Diversity of populations they target!
 Roles - diverse approaches to each issue!
 Funding priorities!
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15. Key points:
 Nonprofit-NGOs do what other org. cannot.!
 Most are small.!
 Almost all rely on volunteers and/or community
support!
 They exist regardless of social-cultural framework.!
 Need for stakeholder involvement widely accepted.!
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16. Problem exists
=> People see need for action
=> Issue development
=> Project/org. creation
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17. Current issues
Which of these are serious issues we face in Japan?
Disaster relief (where and why?)
1.
Environmental issues (for example ???)
2.
Aging society
3.
Community development
4.
Youth issues
5.
Home violence
6.
Trafficking in persons
7.
Gender and sexual identity
8.
Human rights education
9.
10. Food security
11. Poverty
12. Health issues
13. Anti-discrimination
14. Sexual and reproductive health
15. Human rights issues
16. Corruption
17. Police brutality
18. Urban/rural divide
19. Crime
20. Other:
Categorise these into 3 groups
A)Very pressing issues B) Somewhat pressing issues C) Not pressing issues
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18. Why study it?
What do you know about the development
of nonprofits and NGOs in Japan?
What do you know about the NPO law?
What do you know about individual and
corporate support?
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19. Discussion - What do you know #2
…about the development of nonprofits and NGOs
in Japan?
Do the quiz in pairs.

20. The 1998 NPO law
Hanshin Earthquake (95)
 Inadequate response of the government at time of
crisis, Volunteers jumped in quickly.
Realization of the necessity for
 For greater flexibility, citizen involvement, & the
development of a support system for volunteers and
nonprofit activities
One of a series of debacles in a time of government
decentralization
O-157, nuclear power accidents, and the HIV
tainted blood product scandal
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21. Jan. 17, 1995: Hanshin Earthquake
• More than 6,000 people killed
• Slow reaction by national and local government
Realization of:
• The necessity for greater flexibility
• Governments lack of ability to act in times of crisis
• The needs for citizen involvement, and the development
of a support system for volunteers and nonprofit
activities.

22. Japanese nonprofit sector
 Ave. annual income - approx 2-2.5 million yen!
 Average FTE 1.2 (1999)=> 2.00 (2004)!
 Economically active population in the nonprofit sector
!
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23. Japanese nonprofit sector
 Estimated number of all CSOs !
over 85,000 in 1996, over 100,000 today? !

 Numbers of incorporated nonprofits:
Sept 2006 28777 !

Dec 2005 quot;24416

Dec 2003 quot;14657

Dec 2001 quot; 5625

Dec 1999 quot; 1176!

!

40+

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24. Incorporated nonprofits by activity areas - 28,777
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25. Nonprofit, NGOS & Major Social Activism in Japan
1897 Establishment of law for “Public benefit organizations”
Traditional neighborhood associations (jichikai)
1956 Minamata Disease: victim support groups, anti-pollution
1960’s Christian based and international NGOs
1970’s Japanese NGOs increase focusing on SE Asia refugees,
environment, women’s and Burakumin rights movements, antiwar
& antinuclear movement
1970 -1990 80% of existing environmental groups founded.
1992 “Earth Summit” in Rio, Brazil, 1997 Kyoto COP3, Peace
& rights movements
1990’s Conflict resolution and disaster relief org. dev.
1998 Establishment of law for “Specified Nonprofit Activity
Organizations”�
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26. Japanese nonprofit sector
All revenue Sources: all nonprofits (2 different data sources)
 1995
- 47% from government,
- 45% from membership dues, service fees and activity revenues
- 9% from donations.
 2000
- 55.8% from activities
- 14% grants
- 10% from donations
- 12.5% other
© 09.3.25
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27. Distribution of Private Giving Sources
US-JAPAN comparison
Private
Foundation
Private Corporate
Individual Contribution
Foundation Contribution
11%
Contribution 9%
Contribution
6%
5%
Individual
Corporate
Contribution
Contribution
85%
84%
�
Source: NPO
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28. Individual giving in Japan
When people give!
How much people give:!
Why individuals give
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29. Corporate giving in Japan
Corporate community service program support!
Info source: Keidanren http://www.keidanren.or.jp/japanese/policy/
2005/037/youyaku.pdf!
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30. Challenges
Similar to those faced by nonprofit NGOs in other societies: !
quot;Lack of recognition by mainstream society
quot;Funding and financial sustainability
quot;Lack of professionalization
a. Resistance by volunteer orgs
b. Lack of fluidity between sectors
c. Lack of interest in sector by those with skills
quot;Overgrowth of orgs, rivalry
quot;Lack of collaboration among orgs, separation between
NGOs, NPOs and volunteer organizations
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31. Group discussion >>>> Q & A
Overview key points from presentation
Questions?
Comments?
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32. Assignments for Class 2
Part #1 – Read 1 online article about the Japanese nonprofit sector
The changing face of NGOs in Japan http://www.gdrc.org/ngo/jpngo-face.html
1.
Japan Times article - Sept 18, 2007
2.
http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20070918zg.html (handout)
The Japanese System of Incorporation and the Concept of NPOs http://
3.
www.gdrc.org/ngo/jp-civil-society.html
Part #2 – Read 1 – about Japan’s Aging Society
The demographic dilemma: Japan’s Aging society wwics.si.edu/events/docs/
1.
ACFE9.pdf
Problems and Implications of Japan’s Aging Society for Future
2.
coe21-policy.sfc.keio.ac.jp/ja/wp/WP89.pdf
NEWSPAPER articles - Realizing the potential of an aging society
3.
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/eo20070308a1.html
40.5% of population to be seniors by '55: report
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20070609a2.html
Japan may go Dutch with pension plan
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20040710f1.html
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33. For class 2 - Nonprofit NGOs.
NGO Research Visit two of these sites.
JARC Japan Aging research Center http://www.jarc.net/blog/index_en.html
Japan Socio-Gerontological Society http://www.rounenshakai.org/
Women's Association for the Better Aging Society (WABAS), h
ttp://www7.ocn.ne.jp/%7Ewabas/eng/about.html
Felismonte http://www.otasha.ecweb.jp/ (J only)
Kotoen http://www.kotoen.or.jp/ (J only)
Japan NGO Council on Aging (JANCA) http://www.janca.gr.jp/ (J only)
Questions to think about when looking at the web sites sights:
1. What are the organization's (orgs) mission and vision?
2. What problems and issues are they tackling?
3. What kinds of solutions are being offered?
4. Who do they work for and with?
5. Why are NGOs/nonprofits doing this?
6. What is the impact of their work? How effective are they?
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34. Last questions/comments?
Thank you for joining NGO 202!!
quot;quot;See you next week.!
Sarajean!
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