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THE IRA. Irish RepublicanArmy.




 A cura di Sara Viterbi.
 Corso di Studi in Interpretariato e Comunicazione anno 2010/2011.
                                                                     1
A briefintroduction

• 1800 Act of Union and situation of Irish Catholics
• Irish situation before, during
  and after the famine of 1845




                                                       2
Bornof the IRA

•   1858 born of Irish Republican Brotherhood (Fenians).
    Aim: sustain rebellions against England.
•   Clan nanGael in New York
•   1916: year of changes. Risings during Easter Week.
•   April 24, 1916. Dublin.Easter Rising headed by James
    Connolly
•   1917. Elections won by Sinn Féin
•   1916-1919. the alternative parliament of Sinn Féin: the
    DáilÉireann.



                                                              3
Irish civil war. 1919-1922

• Michael Collins organised the “Squad” in 1919
• January-July 1920:attacks against the RIC
• English response: Black and Tan and British Army
• War in Dublin and in Munster
• War in Northern Ireland and Belfast
• End of the war: the Anglo-Irish Treaty signed on the 6°
  December 1921
• 1922: split in the Sinn Féin between pro-Treaty and anti-
  Treaty.



                                                              4
Consequencesof the Treaty

• The Treaty divided Ireland in Northern Ireland and the Irish
  Free State
• In the summer of 1924 violence came to and end and the two
  Irelands started to coexist.
• The IRA was broken by the war
• 1925 new Constitution of the IRA. 4 essential topics: defence
  of the Republic, establishment and protection of the new
  Government, safety and freedom for citizens and the diffusion
  of Irish culture.
• 1926. de Valera formed the FiannaFàil.
• 1932 de Valera won elections. During de Valera government
  members of the IRA grew from 1.800 to 10.000 members due
  to the Great Depression.
                                                                  5
Irelandduring World War 1 and 2

• 1935. relations between de Valera and the IRA turned to
  enmity.
• 1939. Emergency Power Act in Britain: Ireland had to be
  neutral during the war.
• The IRA hoped for a support to German army against
  England.
• O’Donovan trips in Germany. Topics under discussion
  with Germany: reviving English campaign, policies and
  reaction of Dublin government, IRA arm requirements.



                                                            6
After the War: the third Boarder Campaign
• The first Boarder campaign had taken place during Irish War
  of Independence, the second during the World War 2.
• Tony Managan decided to improve relations with Sinn Féin
• 1949. the IRA convention. Sinn Féin became the civilian wing
  of the IRA.
• November 1956. third Border Campaign. Causes: prevent
  more splits in the IRA and UK general elections results
• Attacks by around 150 target on the boarder with Northern
  Ireland. 12° December the IRA issued a statement to declare
  the start of the Campaign: “Spearheaded by Ireland’s freedom
  fighters, our people have carried the fight to the enemy…Out
  of this national liberation struggle a new Ireland will
  emerge, upright and free. In that new Ireland, we shall build a
  country fit for all our people to live in. That then is our aim: an
  independent, united, democratic Irish Republic. For this we
  shall fight until the invader is driven from our soil and victory is
  ours".
                                                                     7
Respuesta del gobierno de Irlanda del
                Norte
• 21 de Diciembre de 1956.El gobierno de Itlanda del
  Norte utilizó la Ley de poderes especiales para internar
  a cientos de sospechosos sin juicio.
• 1957. el año más activo del IRA, 341 incidentes
  registrados.
• 1958. ímpetu disipado.
• 1961. William Hunter (RUC) asesinado.
• Balance de la guerrilla: 8 mimbros IRA asesinados, 4
  republicanos, 6 miembros RUC. 32 RUC heridos, 256
  republicanos pejuicados.
• Campaña Fronteriza considerada un desastre. Cathal
  Goulding: jefe de Estado Major 1962.
                                                             8
1969-1970 divisiones en la IRA

• División en la IRA y en Sinn Féin. Causa: dirección
  política tomada por el partido.
• IRA Oficial: Cathal Goulding
• IRA Provisional: dirección por Tomas Mac Giolla
• División también en el Sinn Féin después de un debate
  al ArdFheis.
• El partido liderado por el PIRA: Sinn Fèin Provisional, el
  partido liderado por el OIRA: el Sinn Féin de los
  Trabajadores.



                                                               9
El IRA Oficial
• Battalla de Bogside. Criticas a Goulding.
• 1970. cisma en el Sinn Féin. Partido de los Trabajadores
  liderado por MscGiolla.
• 1971. militantes del OIRA luchaban contra el ejército Británico
• Febrero 1972. OIRA intentó asesinar a un político unionista,
  John Taylor
• 1975 OIRA y PIRA mantuvieron tiroteos que llegaron a la
  muerte de 11 militantes de ambos los lados.
• 1975. INLA. Facción radical del OIRA liderada por Costello.
• OIRA y INRA se enfrentaron para mantener la hegemonía.
• 1998. acuerdo del Viernes Santo.
• Hoy. Mayoría de los políticos del Partido de los Trabajadores
  están en la Izquierda Democrática.


                                                                10
El IRA Provisional
• Autoproclamada heredera del antiguo IRA contrario al tratado
  de entre Inglaterra y Irlanda de 1921.
• Goulding en 1962 se convirtió en jefe de estado mayor del
  IRA.
• En el verano de 1969 se opuso a la distribución de armas a
  los unionistas en Ulster que luchaban contra el ejército
  Británico. El creía en la lucha civil.
• 1969. Sítiofaín, uno de los opositores a Goulding, fundó el
  IRA Provisional y el Consejo Provisional del Ejército.
• Cuartel general en la Calle Kevin, estrategia: guerra de
  desgaste, nombrada “guerra larga”.
• 1972-75 picos de violencias.
• 1975. ÉireNua: el programa proponía una división de los
  poderes en gobiernos regionales.
• 1998. Acuerdos del Viernes Santo.
                                                             11

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the IRA

  • 1. THE IRA. Irish RepublicanArmy. A cura di Sara Viterbi. Corso di Studi in Interpretariato e Comunicazione anno 2010/2011. 1
  • 2. A briefintroduction • 1800 Act of Union and situation of Irish Catholics • Irish situation before, during and after the famine of 1845 2
  • 3. Bornof the IRA • 1858 born of Irish Republican Brotherhood (Fenians). Aim: sustain rebellions against England. • Clan nanGael in New York • 1916: year of changes. Risings during Easter Week. • April 24, 1916. Dublin.Easter Rising headed by James Connolly • 1917. Elections won by Sinn Féin • 1916-1919. the alternative parliament of Sinn Féin: the DáilÉireann. 3
  • 4. Irish civil war. 1919-1922 • Michael Collins organised the “Squad” in 1919 • January-July 1920:attacks against the RIC • English response: Black and Tan and British Army • War in Dublin and in Munster • War in Northern Ireland and Belfast • End of the war: the Anglo-Irish Treaty signed on the 6° December 1921 • 1922: split in the Sinn Féin between pro-Treaty and anti- Treaty. 4
  • 5. Consequencesof the Treaty • The Treaty divided Ireland in Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State • In the summer of 1924 violence came to and end and the two Irelands started to coexist. • The IRA was broken by the war • 1925 new Constitution of the IRA. 4 essential topics: defence of the Republic, establishment and protection of the new Government, safety and freedom for citizens and the diffusion of Irish culture. • 1926. de Valera formed the FiannaFàil. • 1932 de Valera won elections. During de Valera government members of the IRA grew from 1.800 to 10.000 members due to the Great Depression. 5
  • 6. Irelandduring World War 1 and 2 • 1935. relations between de Valera and the IRA turned to enmity. • 1939. Emergency Power Act in Britain: Ireland had to be neutral during the war. • The IRA hoped for a support to German army against England. • O’Donovan trips in Germany. Topics under discussion with Germany: reviving English campaign, policies and reaction of Dublin government, IRA arm requirements. 6
  • 7. After the War: the third Boarder Campaign • The first Boarder campaign had taken place during Irish War of Independence, the second during the World War 2. • Tony Managan decided to improve relations with Sinn Féin • 1949. the IRA convention. Sinn Féin became the civilian wing of the IRA. • November 1956. third Border Campaign. Causes: prevent more splits in the IRA and UK general elections results • Attacks by around 150 target on the boarder with Northern Ireland. 12° December the IRA issued a statement to declare the start of the Campaign: “Spearheaded by Ireland’s freedom fighters, our people have carried the fight to the enemy…Out of this national liberation struggle a new Ireland will emerge, upright and free. In that new Ireland, we shall build a country fit for all our people to live in. That then is our aim: an independent, united, democratic Irish Republic. For this we shall fight until the invader is driven from our soil and victory is ours". 7
  • 8. Respuesta del gobierno de Irlanda del Norte • 21 de Diciembre de 1956.El gobierno de Itlanda del Norte utilizó la Ley de poderes especiales para internar a cientos de sospechosos sin juicio. • 1957. el año más activo del IRA, 341 incidentes registrados. • 1958. ímpetu disipado. • 1961. William Hunter (RUC) asesinado. • Balance de la guerrilla: 8 mimbros IRA asesinados, 4 republicanos, 6 miembros RUC. 32 RUC heridos, 256 republicanos pejuicados. • Campaña Fronteriza considerada un desastre. Cathal Goulding: jefe de Estado Major 1962. 8
  • 9. 1969-1970 divisiones en la IRA • División en la IRA y en Sinn Féin. Causa: dirección política tomada por el partido. • IRA Oficial: Cathal Goulding • IRA Provisional: dirección por Tomas Mac Giolla • División también en el Sinn Féin después de un debate al ArdFheis. • El partido liderado por el PIRA: Sinn Fèin Provisional, el partido liderado por el OIRA: el Sinn Féin de los Trabajadores. 9
  • 10. El IRA Oficial • Battalla de Bogside. Criticas a Goulding. • 1970. cisma en el Sinn Féin. Partido de los Trabajadores liderado por MscGiolla. • 1971. militantes del OIRA luchaban contra el ejército Británico • Febrero 1972. OIRA intentó asesinar a un político unionista, John Taylor • 1975 OIRA y PIRA mantuvieron tiroteos que llegaron a la muerte de 11 militantes de ambos los lados. • 1975. INLA. Facción radical del OIRA liderada por Costello. • OIRA y INRA se enfrentaron para mantener la hegemonía. • 1998. acuerdo del Viernes Santo. • Hoy. Mayoría de los políticos del Partido de los Trabajadores están en la Izquierda Democrática. 10
  • 11. El IRA Provisional • Autoproclamada heredera del antiguo IRA contrario al tratado de entre Inglaterra y Irlanda de 1921. • Goulding en 1962 se convirtió en jefe de estado mayor del IRA. • En el verano de 1969 se opuso a la distribución de armas a los unionistas en Ulster que luchaban contra el ejército Británico. El creía en la lucha civil. • 1969. Sítiofaín, uno de los opositores a Goulding, fundó el IRA Provisional y el Consejo Provisional del Ejército. • Cuartel general en la Calle Kevin, estrategia: guerra de desgaste, nombrada “guerra larga”. • 1972-75 picos de violencias. • 1975. ÉireNua: el programa proponía una división de los poderes en gobiernos regionales. • 1998. Acuerdos del Viernes Santo. 11