By Liam Salter, RESET Carbon

1. Carbon Footprint 101
SASIN CENTRE FOR SUSTAINABILITY MANAGEMENT
Liam Salter, CEO, RESET Carbon
January 2016

2. Objectives
¡ To
provide
par+cipants
with
a
clear
understanding
of
the
market
drivers
and
context
for
carbon
footprin+ng.
¡ To
provide
a
high
level
view
of
how
carbon
footprints
are
developed
and
used
to
influence
individual
and
corporate
decision
making
in
the
areas
of:
¡ Lifestyles
¡ Companies
¡ Products
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.
2

3. RESET –Your One-Stop Service Provider
3
2 offices and 20
staff in Hong Kong
and Bangkok.
Conducted
environmental
strategy and
carbon
footprinting
projects for over
20 international
corporations
Implemented 10
energy and
environmental
assessment or
improvement
projects in 11
Asian countries in
commercial
property, retail
and light industrial
facilities.
Conducted
implementation
projects saving
clients between
125,000
and
1,000,000
USD/year.

4. Current
and
Previous
Clients
4

5. Climate change and
the importance of our
carbon footprint
5
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.

6. We can already see impacts from climate
change today
6
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.
Sources:
IPCC,
NASA/GISS,
EM-­‐DAT
Interna+onal
Disaster
Database,
UN,
WWF
Global
warming
§ 2015:
warmest
year
on
record
§ 10
warmest
years
occurred
since
1998
§ April
2016:
12th
consecu+ve
warmest
month
on
record
Rising
sea
level
§ Average
annual
rise
roughly
doubled
from
1993
to
2010
vs.
1901
to
2010
Natural
disasters
§ Occurrences
tripled
from
2000
to
2009
vs.
1980
to
1989
Water
scarcity
§ More
than
1.2
billion
people
lack
access
to
clean
drinking
water
§ ~20%
of
world
popula+on
Coral
reef
damage
§ ~25%
of
coral
reefs
worldwide
considered
damaged
beyond
repair
§ 66%
under
serious
threat
Climate
change
is
happening
now

7. Global carbon cycle 7
http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget/16/presentation.htm

8. Carbon intensity
Electricity and fuels
8

9. Global carbon emissions 9
http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget/16/presentation.htm

10. Emissions trends per country 10
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.

11. Emissions per person 11
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.

12. Thailand’s situation 12
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.
Thailand emissions in context

13. Four potential global warming scenarios 13
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.
Source:
Intergovernmental
Panel
on
Climate
Change
(IPCC)
Note:
The
four
Representa+ve
Concentra+on
Pathways
(RCPs)
are
named
a]er
a
possible
range
of
radia+ve
forcing
values
in
the
year
2100
rela+ve
to
pre-­‐industrial
values
(+2.6,
+4.5,
+6.0,
and
+8.5
W/m2,
respec+vely).
RPC
8.5
RPC
6.0
RPC
4.5
RPC
2.6
Goal
of
science-­‐based
targets
Es+mated
2.7-­‐3.7
°C
with
INDCs

14. The global carbon budget 14
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.

15. Carbon budget 15
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.
2100
GtCO2
Indicative range
450-1050GtCO2
800
GtCO2

16. Government carbon footprint goals 16
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.
Source:
World
Resource
Ins+tute
No
INDC
submibed
INDC
submibed
NDC
submibed
China
§ Peak
CO2
emissions
by
2030
§ 60-­‐65%
intensity
reduc+on
by
2030
vs.
2005
United
States
§ 26-­‐28%
GHG
emissions
reduc+on
by
2020
vs.
2005
European
Union
§ At
least
40%
GHG
emissions
reduc+on
by
2030
vs.
1990
India
§ 33-­‐35%
intensity
reduc+on
by
2030
vs.
2005
Japan
§ 26%
GHG
emissions
reduc+on
by
2030
vs.
2013
Hong
Kong
§ 50-­‐60%
intensity
reduc+on
by
2020
vs.
2005
§ Upcoming
carbon
target
Vietnam
§ 20%
intensity
reduc+on
by
2030
vs.
2010
Cambodia
§
27%
GHG
emissions
reduc+on
by
2030
vs.
BAU
Bangladesh
§
5%
GHG
emissions
reduc+on
by
2030
vs.
BAU
Thailand
§
20%
GHG
emissions
reduc+on
by
2030
vs.
BAU

17. Corporate goals
Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) Overview
17
https://b8f65cb373b1b7b15feb-c70d8ead6ced550b4d987d7c03fcdd1d.ssl.cf3.rackcdn.com/cms/reports/documents/000/001/384/original/
carbon-action-infographic-2016.pdf?1481208408
https://data.cdp.net/Climate-Change/Global-500-Emissions-and-Response-Status-2013/marp-zazk

18. City goals
C40 Cities
¡ hbps://www.compactofmayors.org/
18
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.
“There
is
no
Democra/c
or
Republican
way
of
fixing
a
sewer.”
New
York
Mayor
Fiorello
La
Guardia

19. Conclusions
Carbon
is
constrained
Ins+tu+ons
are
under
pressure
to
set
targets
Therefore
measuring
is
cri+cal!!!!
Carbon
footprint
approaches
are
being
refined
to
enable
measurement
and
target
segng
to
be
achieved
in
a
consistent,
verifiable
manner
19
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.

20. Measuring carbon footprints
20
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.

21. Main steps
21
Collect
raw
data
Collect
emissions
factors
Define
scope
and
boundary
Calculate
carbon
footprint

22. Lifestyle footprints
22
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.

23. Lifestyles footprints are:
¡ Easily
available
online
¡ Not
standardised
¡ Highly
variable
¡ Difficult
to
compare
23
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.

24. Define boundary and scope
¡ What
are
we
seeking
to
measure
and
why?
24
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.

25. 25
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.
Lifestyle
carbon
calculator
walkthrough

26. Standardising emissions factors 26
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.
Worked
example
of
GHGP
purchased
electricity
tool

27. 27
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.
Carbon per passenger km
Solo driving

28. Carbon per passenger km
Transport modes
28
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.

29. Corporate Footprints
29
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.

30. Corporate footprints are:
¡ Widely
reported
¡ Follow
common
standards
¡ Frequently
3rd
party
verified
¡ Excellent
tools
for
measuring
performance
within
a
company
over
+me
¡ Influenced
by
a
large
number
of
factors
and
difficult
to
compare
across
companies
¡ Timeframes
¡ Geographies
¡ Varia+ons
in
nature
of
similar
businesses
¡ Challenges
in
repor+ng
accurately
and
consistency
year-­‐on-­‐year
over
large
opera+onal
porlolios
30
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.

31. Corporate footprints
The Greenhouse Gas Protocol & ISO 14064
31
http://www.ghgprotocol.org/about-ghgp

32. Standardising scope for companies 32
6
GHGs,
but
CO2
most
relevant
for
most
companies
Scope
3
occurs
outside
of
direct
business
opera+ons
but
can
be
largest
source
Most
companies
currently
focusing
on
scope
1
&
2
due
to
good
data
and
cost
savings
from
reducing
emissions

33. Case study:
Global Professional Service company
33
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.
Business
air
travel
=
72%
of
global
emissions
Paper
=
2%
of
emissions
64%
of
emissions
from
4
largest
offices

34. Professional services
Data sources
34
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.
Defra
emissions
factors
used
for
credibility
and
consistency
Best
in
class
specialist
calculator
to
provide
customer
with
maximum
management
op+ons

35. Professional services
Carbon strategy
¡ What
is
my
emissions
trend?
¡ Which
emissions
are
under
most
significant?
¡ Should
I
act
across
my
global
business
or
priori+se?
¡ Which
emissions
should
be
included
in
a
target?
35
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.

36. Professional services
Customer response
36
Company
tackled
all
major
emissions
sources
but
reduc+ons
resulted
from
business
air
travel
Emissions
reduc+ons
from
focus
on
largest
offices
drove
the
overall
trend
Emissions
essen+ally
flat
but
23%
improvement
per
full
+me
employee

37. Professional services
Customer response – air travel
37
Variance
in
use
of
first
and
business
class
implied
inconsistency
with
corporate
policy
Some
offices
exhibited
large
shares
of
flights
as
non-­‐
billable
expenses

38. 38
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.
Paper
use
decreased
significantly
Professional services
Customer response – paper
Recycled
paper
also
contributed.
50%
recycled
=
20%
carbon
reduc+on

39. 39
Typical
interna+onal
airport
carbon
footprint
Direct
emissions
limited
Business
partner
emissions
>
direct
Rising
trend
due
to
global
air
traffic
increase
LTO
emissions
usually
lion’s
share
APU
result
from
planes
but
airports
can
help
reduce
Case study:
Airports

40. Airports
Carbon strategy
¡ What
is
my
emissions
trend?
¡ Which
emissions
are
under
most
significant?
¡ Which
emissions
are
under
greatest
control
of
the
airport
management
team?
¡ Which
emissions
should
be
included
in
a
target?
¡ Which
emissions
should
I
priori+se
trying
to
reduce?
40
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.

41. Case study
Hong Kong Airport strategy
41
Included
• Airport
opera+ons
• Business
partners
• Emissions
at
gate
Excluded
• Landing
and
take
off
• Passenger
access
As
a
result
of
its
scope
choice
HK
Airport
makes
a
legi+mate
claim
to
be
a
leading
airport
globally
from
a
carbon
reduc+on
perspec+ve.

42. Products
42
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.

43. Product – or Life Cycle - footprints are
¡ Uncommon
but
growing
as
a
tool
for
differen+a+ng
products
on
basis
of
environmental
performance
¡ Extremely
complicated
to
calculate
¡ Account
for
complex
raw
materials,
manufacturing
and
consump+on
chains
¡ O]en
not
just
carbon
only
¡ Standards
–
and
cer+fica+ons
-­‐
are
available
but
not
that
widely
used
yet
¡ Verifica+on
is
possible
but
o]en
perceived
as
rela+vely
expensive
¡ Usually
built
with
complex
commercial
database
products
¡ S+ll
not
par+cularly
comparable
between
similar
products
43
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.

44. Lifecycle footprint approaches

45. Lee ReThink: Overview
• Sources
of
environmental
benefits:
– BCI
Cobon
yield
increase,
water
and
chemical
use;
– Replace
cobon
with
recycled
PET
(SCafé);
– Central:
energy,
chemical
and
water
efficient
produc+on
process;
– Crystal:
efficient
washing
process.
Carbon (kgCO2e)
Energy (MJ)
Water (L)
Lee ReThink
14.8
138.4
2921.1
Baseline
24.2
195.9
5294.5
Carbon Footprint
Energy Demand
Water Footprint
-39%
-29%
-45%

46. Thai Greenhouse Office (TGO)
Product carbon label
46
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.
http://thaicarbonlabel.tgo.or.th/products_approval/
products_approval.pnc

47. Complexity
Example of polyester fabric LCA farm-gate only!
47
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.

48. Main steps (refresh)
48
Collect
raw
data
Collect
emissions
factors
Define
scope
and
boundary
Calculate
carbon
footprint
Internalised
with
so]ware
tools

49. Future trend
¡ Branded
carbon
product
footprint
to
be
delivered
by
recognised
commercial
or
government
en++es,
leveraging
core
interna+onal
databases
and
supplemented
with
local
emissions
factors
in
key
areas
¡ Main
issues
driving
demand
are
¡ applicability
of
methodology,
¡ reputa+on
of
label
provider
¡ regula+on
¡ cost
49
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.

50. Conclusion
50
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.

51. Conclusions
¡ Carbon
footprin+ng
con+nues
to
grow
as
a
tool
for
measuring
and
reducing
carbon
emissions.
¡ Corporate
–
or
opera+ons
–
lens
is
the
most
widely
used
and
in
the
future
will
be
driven
by
¡ Need
to
set
deeper
–
or
Science
Based
–
reduc+on
targets
¡ Need
for
companies
to
move
beyond
direct
opera+ons
and
influence
supply
chains
and
business
partner
performance
¡ Product
footprin+ng
becoming
more
widespread
driven
by
¡ Desire
to
brand
products
credibly
¡ Recogni+on
that
impacts
are
huge
and
not
covered
by
more
‘direct’
emissions
¡ Increasing
power
and
accessibility
of
life
cycle
databases
via
branded
intermediaries
¡ Recognised
skillsets
will
be
needed
to
do
the
job
properly
and
stay
abreast
of
the
evolving
standards
¡ hbp://www.ghgprotocol.org/training-­‐capacity-­‐building
51
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.

52. For
more
informaSon:
Liam Salter
CEO
e: liam.salter@resetcarbon.com
RESET
Carbon
Ltd.
www.resetcarbon.com
52

53. Cost savings – energy efficiency
Business
Annual
spend
(USD)
Savings
Typical
ROI
Hypermarket
1m
20%
4
–
5
years
Hotel
500
000
to
1.2m
20%
3
–
5
years
Dye
mill
3m
to
10m
15%
1
–
2
years
Electrical
products
2m
15%
2
–
4
years
Food
and
beverage
10m
10%
3
–
5
years
Large
airport
30m+
15%
4
–
6
years
Large
university
20m+
20%
4
–
7
years
Commercial
building
1m
15%
3
–
5
years
Large
Office
20
000
15%
2
–
3
years
53
© 2016 RESET Carbon Ltd.