CBSE UGC NET ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES: CBSE UGC-JRF/NET and ARS-NET
SatGur Masters Academy,Patiala (Punjab) – 7696180020/ 9041733378, satgurenv@gmail.com
W
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
CBSE UGC- JRF/NET
ARS – NET
FOR BEST STUDY MATERIAL AND SOLUTIONS
-7696180020/ 9041733378
- satgurenv@gmail.com
A to Z computer abbreviations
CBSE UGC NET, SSC, BANK
And all competitive exam

Computer abbreviations
A
ACE-Access Control Entry
ACL-Access Control List
ADO-Active Data Objects
AGP-Accelerated Graphics Part
AI-Artificial Intelligence
AlGOL–Algorithm Language
ALU-Arithmetic Logic Unit
API-Application Program Interface
APIPA-Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing
ARP-Address Resolution Protocol
ASCII-American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ASF-Advanced Streaming Format
ASM–Association for System Management
ASP-Active Server Pages
ATAPI-Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface
ATM-Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AUI-Attachment Unit Interface
AVI-Audio Video Interface
B
B2B-Business to Business
B2C-Business to Commerce
BASIC-Beginner’s All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
BCD-Binary Coded Decimal
BCR-Bar Code Reader

BHTML-Broadcast Hyper Text Markup Language
BOOTP-Boot start up Protocol
BPEL-Business Process Execytion Language
BINAC-Binary Automatic Computer
BIOS-Basic Input Output System
Bit-Binary Digit
BMP-Bitmp
C
CAD-Computer Aided Design
CAI-Computer Aided Instruction
CAM-Computer Aided Manufacturing
CASE-Computer Aided Software Engineering
CCNA-Cisco Certified Network Associate

CD-Compact Disc
CDROM-Compact Disk Read Only Memory
CD-RW-Compact Disc Re Writable
CDMA-Code Division Multiple Access
CD-WORM-Compact Disc -Write One Read Many
C-DoT- Centre For Development of telematics
C-DAC-Centre for development of advance computing
CDONTS-Collaboration on Data Objects for Windows NT Server
CGI-Common Gateway Interface
CIDR-Classless Inter-Domain Routing
CLR-Common Language Runtime
CMOS- Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
CMS-Content Management System
CMYK- Cyan,Magenta,Yellow,Key(black)

COBOL-Common Oriented business Language
COM-Component Object Model
CORBA-Common Object Request Broker Architecture
CPU-Central Processing Unit
CRC-Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRM- Customer Relationship Management
CROM-Control Read Only Memory
CRT-Cathode Ray Tube
D
DAC—Digital-To-Analogue Converter
DAL—Database AbstractionLayer
DAO—Data AccessObject
DAP—DirectoryAccessProtocol
DARPA—DefenceAdvanced ResearchProjectsAgency
DAT—DigitalAudio Tape
DB—Database
DBA—Database Administrator
DBCS—Double Byte CharacterSet
DBMS—DatabaseManagementSystem
DCOM—DistributedComponent ObjectModel

DDL—Data Definition Language
DDoS—DistributedDenial of Service
DFS—DistributedFile System
DHCP—Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DHTML—Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language
DLP—Data loss protection
DMA—DirectMemory Access
DML—Data Manipulation Language
DOM—DocumentObject Model
DoS—DenialofService
DOS—DiskOperating System
DPI—Dots PerInch
DRAM—Dynamic Random Access Memory
DSA–DigitalSignature Algorithm
DSDL—DocumentSchema Definition Languages
DSDM—Dynamic Systems DevelopmentMethod
DSL—DigitalSubscriberLine
DSP—DigitalSignalProcessing
DVD—DigitalVersatile Disc
DVD-R—DVD-Recordable
DVD-ROM—DVD-ReadOnly Memory
DVD-RW—DVD-Rewritable
DVI—Digital Visual Interface
DVR—DigitalVideo Recorder
E
EBCDIC—ExtendedBinaryCoded DecimalInterchange Code
EBML—Extensible Binary Meta Language
ECC—Elliptic Curve Cryptography

ECMA—EuropeanComputer Manufacturers Association
EDVAC—Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
EPROM—Erasable Programmable Read-OnlyMemory
EEPROM-ElectronicallyErasable Programmable Read-OnlyMemory
E-mail—Electronic mail
ENIAC—Electronic NumericalIntegratorAnd Computer
ERP—Enterprise ResourcePlanning
ESCON—Enterprise Systems Connection
EXE- Executable
F
FAT—File AllocationTable
FAQ—Frequently AskedQuestions
FDD—FloppyDisk Drive
FDDI—FiberDistributed Data Interface
FET—FieldEffectTransistor
FHS—File systemHierarchy Standard
FLAC—Free LosslessAudio Codec
FLOPS—Floating-PointOperations PerSecond
FTTP—FiberTo The Premises
FTP—File TransferProtocol
FXP—File exchange Protocol
FYI—For Your Information
FORTRAN-Formula Translator
fps-frames per second
FRAM-Ferro-electronic RandomAccess Memory
G
Gb—Gigabit
GB—Gigabyte

GIF—Graphics Interchange Format
GIGO—GarbageIn, Garbage Out
GNU—GNU’s Not Unix
GPL—GeneralPublic License
GPU—Graphics Processing Unit
GSM—GlobalSystemfor Mobile Communications
GUI—Graphical User Interface
H
HDD—Hard Disk Drive
HD DVD—High Definition DVD
HDL—Hardware DescriptionLanguage
HDMI—High-Definition Multimedia Interface
HF—High Frequency
HFS—HierarchicalFile System
HID—Human Interface Device
HPC—High-Performance Computing
HPFS—High Performance File System
HSDPA—High-SpeedDownlink PacketAccess
HTML—Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP—Hypertext TransferProtocol
Hz—Hertz
I
IBM—International Business Machines
IC—IntegratedCircuit
ICMP—InternetControl MessageProtocol
ICP—Internet Cache Protocol
ICT—Information and Communication Technology
IDE—IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironment

IE—Internet Explorer
IGMP—Internet Group ManagementProtocol
IIS—Internet Information Services
IL—Intermediate Language
IM—Instant Messaging
IMAP—Internet MessageAccessProtocol
I/O—Input/output
IP—Internet Protocol
IPX—Internetwork PacketExchange
IrDA—Infrared Data Association
IRI—Internationalized Resource Identifier
IRP—I/O RequestPacket
IRQ—Interrupt Request
IS—Information Systems
ISDN—IntegratedServicesDigitalNetwork
ISO—InternationalOrganization for Standardization
ISP—Internet Service Provider
IT—Information Technology
J
J2ME—Java 2 Micro Edition
JIT—Just-In-Time
JME—JavaMicro Edition
JRE—JavaRuntime Environment
JS—JavaScript
JSON—JavaScriptObject Notation
JSP—Java ServerPages
K

Kbps-Kilo bit per second
Kb—Kilobit
KB—Kilobyte
kHz—Kilohertz
L
LAN—LocalArea Network
LCD—Liquid Crystal Display
LED—Light-Emitting Diode
LF—Low Frequency
LIFO—LastIn First Out
LISP—List Processing
LM—Lane Manager
LOC—Lines of Code
LSI—Large-ScaleIntegration
LTR—Left-to-Right
M
MAC—Media Access Control
MAPI—Messaging ApplicationProgramming Interface
Mb—Megabit
MB—MegabyteS
MBR—MasterBootRecord
MDA—MailDelivery Agent
MDI—Multiple Document Interface
MF—Medium Frequency
MFC—MicrosoftFoundationClasses
MGCP—Media GatewayControlProtocol
MHz—Megahertz
MIB—ManagementInformation Base

MIDI—MusicalInstrument Digital Interface
MIMD—Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data
MISD-Multiple Instruction Single Data
MIPS-Millions Of Instruction Per second
MIME—Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
MOSFET—Metal-Oxide SemiconductorFieldEffectTransistor
MODEM-ModulatorAnd Demodulator
MP3-MotionPicture Expert Group no 3
MS—Microsoft
MSDN-MicrosoftDeveloperNetwork
MS-DOS—MicrosoftDOS
MSIL—MicrosoftIntermediate Language
MUA—Mail User Agent
MSN-MicrosoftNetwork
MSRAP-MicrosoftRemote Administration Process
MTS-MicrosoftTransactionServer
MTU-Maximum TransmissionUnit
N
NASSCOM-NationalAssociationofSoftware and Service Company
NDIS-NetworkDriver Interface Application
NFC—Nearfield communication
NFS—NetworkFile System
NIC—NetworkInterface Controller
NPU—Network Processing Unit
NS—Netscape
NSA—NationalSecurityAgency
NSPR—Netscape Portable Runtime
NNTP—Network NewsTransferProtocol
NOS—Network Operating System

NTFS—NTFile system
NTP-Network Time Protocol
NT-New Technology
O
OCP-Oracle CertifiedProfessional
ODBC—OpenData BaseConnectivity
OLE—ObjectLinking and Embedding
OLED—Organic Light Emitting Diode
OMR—OpticalMark Recognition
ONE-OpenNetwork Architecture
OOAD-ObjectOriented Analysis and Design
OOPS-ObjectOrientedProgramming System
Open GL-Open Graphics Library
OS-Operating system
P
P2P—Peer-To-Peer
PAN—PersonalArea Network
PAP—PasswordAuthentication Protocol
PC—PersonalComputer
PCB—PrintedCircuit Board
PCB—ProcessControlBlock
PC DOS—PersonalComputerDisk Operating System
PCI—PeripheralComponent Interconnect
PD—Public Domain
PDA—PersonalDigitalAssistant
PDF—PortableDocumentFormat
PDL-Page DescriptionLanguage
PERL—PracticalExtractionand Reporting Language

PHP—PHP:Hypertext Preprocessor
PIC—PeripheralInterface Controller
PLC—Programmable Logic Controller
PNG—Portable Network Graphics
POP3—PostOffice Protocolv3
POST-Poweronself test
PPP-Peerto Peerprotocol
PPTP—Point-to-PointTunneling Protocol
PROM-Programmable ReadOnly Memory
PS—PostScript
PSTN-Public Switchedtelephone network
PSN-ProcessorSerialNumber
Q
QDR—QuadData Rate
QoS—Qualityof Service
R
RADIUS—Remote Authentication Dial In User Service
RAID—Redundant Array of Independent Disks
RAM—RandomAccess Memory
RAMDAC-RandomAccesss MemoryDigitalto Analog Convertor
RDBMS—RelationalDatabaseManagementSystem
RDO—RemoteData Object
RDP—RemoteDesktopprotocol
RD RAM- Ram bus Dynamic Random Access Memory
RDOS—Real-time Disk Operating System
RDS—RemoteData Services
RGB—Red, Green, Blue
RIP—RasterImage Processor

RISC—ReducedInstruction Set Computer
ROM—ReadOnly Memory
ROM-DOS—ReadOnly Memory – Disk Operating System
RPC—RemoteProcedure Call
RSS—RichSite Summary, RDF Site Summary, or Really Simple
Syndication
RTC—Real-Time Clock
RTF-RichText Format
RTOS-RealTime Operating System
S
SACK-Selective Acknowledgement
SAM-Security Access Manager
SAP-Service AccessPoint
SCSI—SmallComputer System Interface
SCTP—StreamControlTransmissionProtocol
SD—SecureDigital
SDRAM—Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
SEO—SearchEngine Optimization
SFTP—Simple File TransferProtocol
SFTP—SSHFile TransferProtocol
SIM-SubscriberIdentification Module
SISD—Single Instruction, Single Data
SMS—ShortMessage Service
SMTP—Simple MailTransferProtocol
SNAP—SubNetwork AccessProtocol
SNMP—Simple Network ManagementProtocol
SNTP—Simple Network Time Protocol
SOAP—Simple Object Access Protocol

SQL—Structured Query Language
SRAM—Static RandomAccess Memory
SSD—Solid-StateDrive
SSH—Secure Shell
sw—software
SWF—ShockWave Flash
T
TAPI-Telephony Application ProgramInterface
TB—Tera Byte
TCP—TransmissionControlProtocol
TCP/IP—TransmissionControlProtocol/InternetProtocol
TDI-TransportData Interface
TFT—ThinFilm Transistor
TPM-TransactionProcessing monitor
U
UDP—UserDatagramProtocol
UHF—Ultra High Frequency
UNC—Universal Naming Convention
UPS—Uninterruptible PowerSupply
UML-Unified Modelling Language
UNIX-Uniplexed Informataion and Computer System
URL—Uniform Resource Locator
URN—Uniform Resource Name
USB—UniversalSerial Bus
UTP—Unshielded TwistedPair
V

var—variable
VAN-Virtual Area Network
VB—Visual Basic
VGA—Video Graphics Adapter
VHF—Very High Frequency
VLAN—Virtual Local Area Network
VCD-Visual CompactDisk
VOD—Video On Demand
VoIP—Voice overInternet Protocol
VPN—Virtual Private Network
VLSI-Very Large Scale integratedCircuit
VRAM-Video Random AccesssMemory
VS-Visual Studio
VSNL-Videsh SancharNigamLImited
W
W3C—WorldWide Web Consortium
WAN—Wide Area Network
WAP—Wireless AccessPoint
WAP—Wireless ApplicationProtocol
WCAG—WebContent AccessibilityGuidelines
WLAN—Wireless LocalArea Network
WMA—Windows Media Audio
WMV—Windows Media Video
WPA—Wi-Fi ProtectedAccess
WUSB—WirelessUniversalSerial Bus
WWAN—WirelessWide Area Network
WWW—WorldWide Web
WYSIWYG—WhatYou See Is What You Get
WML-Wireless MarkupLanguage
WORM-Write one read many
WINS-Windows internet Name service

X
XHTML—extensible Hypertext Markup Language
XML—extensible Markup Language
XSL—extensible Style sheetLanguage
XSL-FO—extensible Style sheetLanguage Formatting Objects
XSLT—extensible Style sheetLanguage Transformations
XVGA—Extended Video Graphics Adapter
Y
Y2K—Year Two Thousand
Z
ZIF—Zero Insertion Force
ZIP-Zero information protocol

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