2. Introduction
Design inspiration
Challenges faced
Comparison
Excavation
Foundation
Casting of Structure
Material used
Casting of RCC walls
Structural System
Mechanical floor
Cladding system
Speed of Construction
Evacuation & Fire Safety
Environment friendly
World Record
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3. The Burj Khalifa is a megatall skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
It has a roof height of 829.8 m with its antenna included, making it
the tallest building and the tallest structure in the world.
Construction began on 6 January 2004, with the exterior of the structure
completed on 1 October 2009. The building officially opened on 4
January 2010.
The decision to build the building is reportedly based on the government's
decision to diversify from an oil-based economy, and for Dubai to gain
international recognition. The building was named in honor of the ruler
of Abu Dhabi and president of the United Arab Emirates, Khalifa bin
Zayed Al Nahyan.
Cost: USD4,100,000,000
Designed By: Adrian Smith, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill(SOM)
Structural engineer : William F. Baker
Main contractor: Samsung C&T
Developer: Emaar Properties
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4. 4
The architecture features a triple-lobed
footprint, an abstraction of a desert flower
named Hymenocallis.
The tower is composed of three elements
arranged around a central core.
Twenty-six helical levels decrease the cross
section of the tower incrementally as it
spirals skyward.
A Y-shaped floor plan maximizes views of the
Arabian Gulf. Viewed from the base or the
air.
6. 6
High Temperature of Dubai resulted in shorter
setting time.
Devastating sandstorms in the area.
Wind Velocity at such a height.
Loose and weak soil in the region.
Formation of vortex.
Heat resistance of structure.
Speed of construction.
7. The soil stratum of Dubai is very week so they had to
excavate up to 50m deep to get a hard rock structure
But the rock that they found was fragile and saturated with
ground water so that any hole made will be cured
immediately
The engineers filled this with a viscous polymer slurry
This pushes the rock and the ground water to the edges of
the boreholes to keep it open
This slurry is denser than water and lighter than
concrete, so that when concrete is
pumped the concrete displaces
the fluid and forms the foundation.
194 piles were constructed
for avoiding the sinking of this
structure.
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8. The superstructure is supported by a large reinforced concrete mat,
which is in turn supported by bored reinforced concrete piles. The
design was based on extensive geotechnical and seismic studies.
The 1.5 meter diameter x 43 meter long piles represent the largest and
longest piles conventionally available in the region.
A high density, low permeability
concrete was used
in the foundations.
Cathodic protection system
under the mat, to minimize
any detrimental effects form
corrosive chemicals in local
ground water.
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9. The casting of the whole structure is mainly
done by two materials:-
1. Concrete
2. Steel
Over 30,000 tons of steel were used.
About 2,50,000 m3 concrete was also used.
The reinforced concrete acts as the backbone
of the whole structure.
They completed every new floor in 3 day .
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10. CONCRETE
High performance
concrete(HPC)
Low permeability
High durability
C80-C60 cube strength
concrete was used
It includes fly ash,
Portland cement
STEEL
Light gauge or Aluminium
Cobalt steel
High-speed steel
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11. For simplicity and speed the engineers made no. of steel cages
These cages were inserted to the formworks that can be moved easily
After installation of cages concrete was filled in these formworks
Only took 12hrs for the setting of concrete.
After setting the concrete the formworks would move to the next level with
in 2hrs.
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12. The spiraling “Y” shaped plan was utilized to shape
the structural core of Burj Khalifa.
This design helps to reduce the wind forces on the
tower, as well as to keep the structure simple and
foster constructability.
The structural system can be described as a
“buttressed core”, and consists of high performance
concrete wall construction.
At mechanical floors, outrigger walls are provided to
link the perimeter columns to the interior wall system,
allowing the perimeter columns to participate in the
lateral load resistance of the structure
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13. 13
•Seven double-storey height
mechanical floors house the
equipment that bring Burj
Khalifa to life.
•Distributed around every 30
storey's.
•House the electrical sub-
stations, water tanks and
pumps, air-handling units etc,
that are essential for the
operation of the tower and the
comfort of its occupants.
14. The Burj is claded with high-tech glass which forms
as a curtain wall.
The exterior cladding is comprised of reflective
glazing with aluminum and textured stainless steel
vertical tubular fins.
The glass panels withstands the
storm up to 75km/hr.
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15. The outer layer of panel is
coated with a thin layer of
metal so that it reflects the
UV radiations
The inner layer of panel is
coated with thin layer of
silver so that it reflects the
IR radiations.
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16. 16
The tower consists of more than 160 floors and is expected
to be completed within a very tight schedule.
3-day cycle set for concrete work
Auto Climbing formwork system (ACS)
Rebar pre-fabrication
High performance concrete suitable for
providing high strength, high durability requirement,
high modulus, and pumping
Advanced concrete pumping technology
Formwork system that can be dismantled and
assembled quickly with minimum labor
requirements
Column/Wall proceeding method, part of ACS
formwork system
17. The Burj is naturally fire resistant as the concrete backbone is
already fire resistant.
More than that the Burj consist of refuge rooms.
These refuge rooms are made of RCC and fire proof sheets that
resist the heat up to 2hrs.
These refuge rooms has a special supply of air which pumps
through fire resistant pipes.
There are 9 refuge rooms, one in every 30 floors.
The Burj fire safety system mainly consist of 3 components:-
i. A smoke detector
ii. Water sprinkler
iii. High power fans
As the water is sprinkled the fire gets extinguished and
the high power fans supplies fresh air by pushing the
smoke out
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18. 1) Solar panels
The Burj utilizes solar power
378 panels each with an
area of 2.7sq.m
were installed
These panels have the
ability to heat 1,40,000 lit
of water when supplied
with just 7hrs of day light.
This is equal to
32,000KW of energy
provided .
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19. 19
•Collects water condensate from the air conditioning system
and diverts it to an irrigation tank.
•It provides about 15 million gallons of water per year
•This water is used for irrigation of landscape around the Burj.
•Reduces water related expenses
20. Air ventilation provided at the top reduces the energy
consumption
Air at the top of the building is cooler, has low density
and relatively humid
Its ideal for ventilation
Less energy is required to maintain the comfortable
condition .
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21. Tallest existing structure : 829.8 m ( 2,722 ft )
Tallest structure ever built : 829.8 m ( 2,722 ft)
Building with the most floors : 163
Highest vertical concrete pumping
( for a building) : 606 m
building with world’s highest occupied floor
World’s highest elevator installation
World’s longest travel distance elevators : 504 m
World’s tallest structure that includes residential space
World’s highest installation of an aluminum and
glass facade : 512 m
World’s highest night club : 144th floor
World’s highest restaurant (At.mosphere) : 122nd floor at 442 m
World’s second highest swimming pool: 76th floor
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