3. AccelerationAcceleration
Galileo developed this idea as wellGalileo developed this idea as well
Found that balls rolling down an inclineFound that balls rolling down an incline
rolled faster and fasterrolled faster and faster
5. THEREFORETHEREFORE
Acceleration is a change in:Acceleration is a change in:
– SpeedSpeed
– DirectionDirection
– Both speed and directionBoth speed and direction
A body undergoes acceleration when thereA body undergoes acceleration when there
is a change in its state of motionis a change in its state of motion
6. Suppose we are drivingSuppose we are driving
In 2 second we steadily increase ourIn 2 second we steadily increase our
velocity from 30 meters per second 40velocity from 30 meters per second 40
meters per second.meters per second.
Change of velocity is 5 meters per secondChange of velocity is 5 meters per second
in each secondin each second
Acceleration = 5 m/sAcceleration = 5 m/s22
7. A snail accelerates from 2 m/s to 4 m/s in 2A snail accelerates from 2 m/s to 4 m/s in 2
seconds. What is the snail’s averageseconds. What is the snail’s average
acceleration?acceleration?
9. ObjectivesObjectives
1.1. Explain the difference between BalanceExplain the difference between Balance
and Unbalance Forcesand Unbalance Forces
2.2. Describe and calculate the relationshipDescribe and calculate the relationship
between mass, acceleration, and Forcebetween mass, acceleration, and Force
10. Net ForceNet Force
Objects don’t speed up, slow down, orObjects don’t speed up, slow down, or
change direction without forcechange direction without force
Net Force - All the forces taken to changeNet Force - All the forces taken to change
the motion of the objectthe motion of the object
11. Applied Force Net ForceApplied Force Net Force
5 N5 N
5 N5 N
5 N5 N 5 N5 N
5 N5 N 10 N10 N
10 N10 N
0 N (balanced force)0 N (balanced force)
5 N5 N
12. Balanced ForceBalanced Force
When the force on anWhen the force on an
object are equal in sizeobject are equal in size
and opposite directionand opposite direction
Results in the objectResults in the object
not moving (The forcesnot moving (The forces
cancel each other out)cancel each other out)
13. Balanced vs. UnbalancedBalanced vs. Unbalanced
Only when forces are unbalanced can anOnly when forces are unbalanced can an
object be set into motionobject be set into motion
14.
15. Force and AccelerationForce and Acceleration
Any object that accelerates depends on aAny object that accelerates depends on a
force to make it accelerateforce to make it accelerate
What is the force in a free fall?What is the force in a free fall?
Acceleration ~ Net ForceAcceleration ~ Net Force
16. If you push on a shopping cart it willIf you push on a shopping cart it will
accelerate. If you apply four times the netaccelerate. If you apply four times the net
force, how much greater will theforce, how much greater will the
acceleration be?acceleration be?
If the net force acting on a sports car isIf the net force acting on a sports car is
increased by five, how much greater willincreased by five, how much greater will
the acceleration be?the acceleration be?
17. Free FallFree Fall
When air resistance doesn’t affect theWhen air resistance doesn’t affect the
motion of a falling objectmotion of a falling object
Free falling objects gain speed at the rate ofFree falling objects gain speed at the rate of
9.8 m/s every second9.8 m/s every second
9.8 m/s9.8 m/s22
18. GravityGravity
Objects in free fall gain speed because ofObjects in free fall gain speed because of
gravitygravity
Gravity is 9.8 m/sGravity is 9.8 m/s22
What about if you throw an object up?What about if you throw an object up?
19. Mass and InertiaMass and Inertia
The more massive theThe more massive the
more Inertiamore Inertia
The more FORCEThe more FORCE
neededneeded
OROR
The less accelerationThe less acceleration
20. RememberRemember
Mass is not WeightMass is not Weight
Mass is not volumeMass is not volume
Mass is the amount ofMass is the amount of
matter in an objectmatter in an object
21. Weight is ForceWeight is Force
Force due to gravity that act’s on an object’sForce due to gravity that act’s on an object’s
massmass
Mass doesn’t change, weight can (Moon vs.Mass doesn’t change, weight can (Moon vs.
Earth)Earth)
Mass is proportional to WeightMass is proportional to Weight
22. NewtonNewton
Standard unit ofStandard unit of
Weight/ForceWeight/Force
Symbol – NSymbol – N
F = maF = ma
One kilogram WeighsOne kilogram Weighs
9.8 Newtons9.8 Newtons