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VV-ECMO
Indications and concerns
Greisen
Thoracic anaesthesia, AUH
Malmø 08.09.2017
ECMO and ARDS
Pulmonary ECMO AUH
Indication
• Indicated at 80% mortality
• PaO2/FiO2 < 8,0 kPa (FiO2 1,0) and/or
Murray Score 3-4
• PaCO2 > 10 kPa, pH< 7,25 eller Pplat > 30 cm
H20
• Serious air leakage syndromes
Contraindications
• Mechanical ventilation with FiO2 > 0,7 and Pplat > 30 cmH20 > 7
days
• Intracraniel bleeding
• Moribund pt or other contraindication for active treatment
• Cardiac failure not caused by pulmonary failure
• Bone marrow transplantation
• Contraindication for AC treatment
• Relative contraindications: Chronic systemic disease
• Immunosuppression (neut. Leuc. 0,4)
Severe incontrollable sepsis.
• Age of patient is considered.
Pulmonary ecmo in AUH
• Ca 20-25 patients/year
• Median Murray score 3,7
• 85% of patients initiated ecmo on another hospital
• Median 9 days on ecmo
• 78% are weaned from ecmo
• 71% survive to discharge from ICU
Lindskov C, Acta Anaesth Scand 2013; 57:303-311
Pulmonary ecmo
• Organisation
• 7 anaesthesiologists visitation (telephone advice)
• 3 heart surgeons ecmo retrieval team
• 8 perfusionists
• 14 intensivists
• All nurses in our ICU
• 5 cardiologists
• Daily multi-disciplinary rounds
Cardiohelp
Cardiohelp + cannulas
Double lumen cannulation
Double lumen cannulation
Case
• 25 year old healthy man
• Tendency to furunculosis
• Admitted with knee purulent arthritis
• Exploration x 2 and extubated.
• Reintubation and descending pulmonary
• Staf aureus PVL producing
• pO2 – 7,0, pCO2 – 9,0, pH – 7,25
Day -8
Day -6
Day -1
Day 1
Day 2
Day 4
Day 11
Day 11
Day 11
Day 15
Day 20
Day 21
Summary
• VV-ECMO increases ressource requirements and costs
• Indication decision for VV-ECMO is a specialist team work
• Prediction scores (like the RESP score) can be helpful
• Complications
(bleeding, pneumothorax, infections, organ failures) are frequent
• Early recognition and aggressive treatment of complications is a
specialist team work
CRP + leukocyte count
Ekstrakorporal CO2 fjernelse
• Er en funktion af friskgasflow
• 1 liter vene-blod indeholder ca 500 ml CO2
• CO2 niveau kan kontrolleres med blood flow
på 0,3 -1,0 l/min i en effektiv membran
ECCO2R
Oxygenering ved lavt bloodflow
Ekstrakorporal CO2 fjernelse
ECCO2R
• Ekstrakorporal CO2 fjernelse normaliserede PaCO2 og
pH ved reduktion i VT fra 6 til 4 ml/kg
• CT lunge og cytokiner fra BAL indikerede bedring i
lungefunktion
Ekstrakorporal CO2 fjernelse
PALP
Pump Assisted Lung Protection
PALP
• Oxygenator 1,0 m2
• Bloodflow 0,3 – 0,8 l/min (0,3 – 2,8 l/min)
• Indikation:
• Dekompenseret hypercapnisk COPD
• Hypercapni af forskellig årsag
• Tidlig ARDS
PALP
PALP
PALP
PALP
• Endnu ikke kliniske data
• Oxygenator afventer godkendelse
• Formentlig primært ECCO2R
Novalung iLA
iLA
• A-V, ingen pumpe, simpelt system
• Blodflow 0,5 - 4,5 l/min
• Stor oxygenator 1,3 m2
• Iskæmiske komplikationer 12 – 25%
• NA til kontrol af afterload
• Pt skal kunne tåle en shunt på 1 – 1,5 l/min
• Lavt oxygeneringspotentiale
iLA
• Bein T, Critical Care Med 2006:
• Retrospektiv opgørelse, 90 patienter
• PaO2/FiO2 fra 58 til 82 mmHg efter 2 timer
• 24 % fik iskæmiske komplikationer
• 59% døde
iLA
iLA
• Kan kontrollere PCO2 og pH
• Kan oxygenere i let til moderat grad
• Har iskæmiske bivirkninger i UE
• Indikation afgørende for outcome
• Kræver stort set-up
Hemolung RAS
Hemolung RAS
• Bloodflow 350 – 550 ml/min
• Filter 0,6 m2
• 15 F katetre (lyske eller hals)
• Indikation:
• Alternativ til intubation ved NIV failure
• Supplement til IMV ved ARDS
Hemolung RAS
Hjertestop
Ekstrakorporal cirkulation og mekanisk HLR ved manglende ROSC
Cardiel ECMO
• Hjertestop
• Mekanisk HLR
• ECMO
Mekanisk HLR
Cardiel ECMO
Indikationer
• Post cardiotomi
• Hjertesvigt
• ECPR
• Drukning/hypothermi
Cardiel ECMO
Cardiel
ECMO
2008
(overl./død)
2009
(overl./død)
2010
(overl./død)
2011
(overl./død)
2012
(overl./død)
2013
(overl/død)
Post
cardiotomi
4 (2/2) 2 (1/1) 6 (3/3) 6 (4/2) 3 (3/0) 3 (3/0)
Hjertesvigt 1 (1/0) 2 (1/1) 0 3 (1/2) 0 3 (3/0)
ECPR 0 3 (1/2) 0 3 (0/3) 7 (3/4) 5 (3/2)
Drukning 0 0 0 1 (1/0) 1 (0/1) 3 (2/1)
I alt 5 (3/2) 7 (3/4) 6 (3/3) 13 (6/7) 12 (6/6) 14 (11/3)
Case 1
• 27 årig mand
• Falder om med hjertestop efter 20 km løb
• HLR ved redder, brandmand og læge
• Efter 7 min lægebil, LUCAS
• PEA, VF, PEA
• Card Lab 40 min efter hjertestop:
• BT 40/15 (70/40); pH 6,9; lactat 17
Case 1
• KAG ok; lang ledning; ekko - bevægelse
• 100 min efter stop kører ECMO
• På intensiv
• Trigger respirator
• Svært vol. krævende, lactat falder, BT lavt
• Koagulations derangeret, bløder
• Stivhed i muskulatur over hofte/knæ/ankel
Case 1
• ECMO kører dårligt, lactat stiger, pH falder
• Pt. inkarcererer 14 timer efter hjertestop
• Behandlingen indstilles
Case 2
• 46 årig kvinde findes med hø. hemiparese
• På vej mod trombolyse VF, LUCAS 15-20
minutter, ROSC
• CTC og CTT i.a. ; EKG forandringer,
bradykardi og Zoll paces
• Card Lab 160 minutter efter hjertestop:
• BT 55/15 (70/30), pH 6,98; lactat 17
• KAG: LAD ok, Cx kronisk occl., RCA
lukket, åbnes og stentes. Lang ledning
Case 2
• På ny VF, LUCAS, DC x mange, PEA
• ECMO kører 4 t 30 m efter første stop
• Har været hjertemasseret i alt 110 min.
• På intensiv:
• Tamponade, dræneres med pigtail
• Retter sig langsomt
• Afvikles fra ECMO efter 3 døgn
Case 2
• Ekstuberes efter 5 døgn
• Hø. hemiparese
• Overflyttet til neurologerne efter 8 døgn
• Efter genoptræning på Hammel
Neurocenter er stort set alle funktioner
genvundet. Styringsbesvær af hø. hånd
Evidens for mekanisk HLR
• Dyrestudier viser:
• Øget perfusionstryk over hjerte
og hjerne
• Øget corticalt flow
Evidens for mekanisk HLR
• CIRC (Circulation Improving Resuscitation Care) trial
• 4231ptt. Randomiseret 1:1
Evidens for mekanisk HLR
• LINC (LUCAS In Cardiac Arrest)
M-CPR C-CPR P-værdi
Alle patienter 1300 1289
4 h overlevelse 307 (24) 305 (24) 1.0
CPC (1-2) v. udskr. 108 (8) 100 (8) 0.61
CPC (1-2) v. 1 mdr. e. u. 105 (8) 94 (7) 0.43
CPC (1-2) v. 6 mdr. e. u. 110 (9) 98 (8) 0.46
Evidens for mekanisk HLR
Konklusion
• Mekanisk HLR er lige så godt som
konventionel HLR med hensyn til
overlevelse og neurologisk outcome
Hvad er perfusionstrykket over
hjertet med pågående LUCAS?
Evidens for ECPR
• In hospital: 20-25% overlevelse,
overlegent i forhold til konventionel
behandling ved matchede grupper
• Out of hospital? 4-45%
• Ingen randomiserede studier
The cardiac-RESCUE program
The cardiac-RESCUE program
Refraktært hjertestop, algoritme
Algoritme til beslutningstøtte ved Cardiel ECMO til refraktært hjertestop
Komorbiditeter
(balanceret,individuelt)
> 10 min eller ubevidnet
Rytme analyse
Asystoli/PEA
ETCO2< 1,3 kPa
Eller
Low-flow > 100 min
- Bevægelse af hjertet
Refraktært hjertestop
Varighed af no-flow
0-10 min
VT, VF
Varighed af low-flow
Ekko + Adrenalin + PM
Intoxikation
Hypothermi (< 32°C)
Tegn på liv under CPR
ETCO2> 1,3 kPa
og
Low flow < 100 min
Bevægelse af hjertet
Ingen indikationPågående diagnostikMulig indikation
VV-ECMO - indications and concerns
VV-ECMO - indications and concerns
VV-ECMO - indications and concerns
VV-ECMO - indications and concerns

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VV-ECMO - indications and concerns

  • 1. VV-ECMO Indications and concerns Greisen Thoracic anaesthesia, AUH Malmø 08.09.2017
  • 3. Pulmonary ECMO AUH Indication • Indicated at 80% mortality • PaO2/FiO2 < 8,0 kPa (FiO2 1,0) and/or Murray Score 3-4 • PaCO2 > 10 kPa, pH< 7,25 eller Pplat > 30 cm H20 • Serious air leakage syndromes
  • 4.
  • 5. Contraindications • Mechanical ventilation with FiO2 > 0,7 and Pplat > 30 cmH20 > 7 days • Intracraniel bleeding • Moribund pt or other contraindication for active treatment • Cardiac failure not caused by pulmonary failure • Bone marrow transplantation • Contraindication for AC treatment • Relative contraindications: Chronic systemic disease • Immunosuppression (neut. Leuc. 0,4) Severe incontrollable sepsis. • Age of patient is considered.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. Pulmonary ecmo in AUH • Ca 20-25 patients/year • Median Murray score 3,7 • 85% of patients initiated ecmo on another hospital • Median 9 days on ecmo • 78% are weaned from ecmo • 71% survive to discharge from ICU Lindskov C, Acta Anaesth Scand 2013; 57:303-311
  • 10. Pulmonary ecmo • Organisation • 7 anaesthesiologists visitation (telephone advice) • 3 heart surgeons ecmo retrieval team • 8 perfusionists • 14 intensivists • All nurses in our ICU • 5 cardiologists • Daily multi-disciplinary rounds
  • 15. Case • 25 year old healthy man • Tendency to furunculosis • Admitted with knee purulent arthritis • Exploration x 2 and extubated. • Reintubation and descending pulmonary • Staf aureus PVL producing • pO2 – 7,0, pCO2 – 9,0, pH – 7,25
  • 19. Day 1
  • 20. Day 2
  • 21. Day 4
  • 28. Summary • VV-ECMO increases ressource requirements and costs • Indication decision for VV-ECMO is a specialist team work • Prediction scores (like the RESP score) can be helpful • Complications (bleeding, pneumothorax, infections, organ failures) are frequent • Early recognition and aggressive treatment of complications is a specialist team work
  • 29.
  • 31. Ekstrakorporal CO2 fjernelse • Er en funktion af friskgasflow • 1 liter vene-blod indeholder ca 500 ml CO2 • CO2 niveau kan kontrolleres med blood flow på 0,3 -1,0 l/min i en effektiv membran
  • 33. Oxygenering ved lavt bloodflow
  • 34. Ekstrakorporal CO2 fjernelse ECCO2R • Ekstrakorporal CO2 fjernelse normaliserede PaCO2 og pH ved reduktion i VT fra 6 til 4 ml/kg • CT lunge og cytokiner fra BAL indikerede bedring i lungefunktion
  • 37. PALP • Oxygenator 1,0 m2 • Bloodflow 0,3 – 0,8 l/min (0,3 – 2,8 l/min) • Indikation: • Dekompenseret hypercapnisk COPD • Hypercapni af forskellig årsag • Tidlig ARDS
  • 38. PALP
  • 39. PALP
  • 40. PALP
  • 41. PALP • Endnu ikke kliniske data • Oxygenator afventer godkendelse • Formentlig primært ECCO2R
  • 43. iLA • A-V, ingen pumpe, simpelt system • Blodflow 0,5 - 4,5 l/min • Stor oxygenator 1,3 m2 • Iskæmiske komplikationer 12 – 25% • NA til kontrol af afterload • Pt skal kunne tåle en shunt på 1 – 1,5 l/min • Lavt oxygeneringspotentiale
  • 44. iLA • Bein T, Critical Care Med 2006: • Retrospektiv opgørelse, 90 patienter • PaO2/FiO2 fra 58 til 82 mmHg efter 2 timer • 24 % fik iskæmiske komplikationer • 59% døde
  • 45.
  • 46. iLA
  • 47.
  • 48. iLA • Kan kontrollere PCO2 og pH • Kan oxygenere i let til moderat grad • Har iskæmiske bivirkninger i UE • Indikation afgørende for outcome • Kræver stort set-up
  • 50. Hemolung RAS • Bloodflow 350 – 550 ml/min • Filter 0,6 m2 • 15 F katetre (lyske eller hals) • Indikation: • Alternativ til intubation ved NIV failure • Supplement til IMV ved ARDS
  • 52. Hjertestop Ekstrakorporal cirkulation og mekanisk HLR ved manglende ROSC
  • 53. Cardiel ECMO • Hjertestop • Mekanisk HLR • ECMO
  • 55.
  • 56. Cardiel ECMO Indikationer • Post cardiotomi • Hjertesvigt • ECPR • Drukning/hypothermi
  • 57. Cardiel ECMO Cardiel ECMO 2008 (overl./død) 2009 (overl./død) 2010 (overl./død) 2011 (overl./død) 2012 (overl./død) 2013 (overl/død) Post cardiotomi 4 (2/2) 2 (1/1) 6 (3/3) 6 (4/2) 3 (3/0) 3 (3/0) Hjertesvigt 1 (1/0) 2 (1/1) 0 3 (1/2) 0 3 (3/0) ECPR 0 3 (1/2) 0 3 (0/3) 7 (3/4) 5 (3/2) Drukning 0 0 0 1 (1/0) 1 (0/1) 3 (2/1) I alt 5 (3/2) 7 (3/4) 6 (3/3) 13 (6/7) 12 (6/6) 14 (11/3)
  • 58. Case 1 • 27 årig mand • Falder om med hjertestop efter 20 km løb • HLR ved redder, brandmand og læge • Efter 7 min lægebil, LUCAS • PEA, VF, PEA • Card Lab 40 min efter hjertestop: • BT 40/15 (70/40); pH 6,9; lactat 17
  • 59. Case 1 • KAG ok; lang ledning; ekko - bevægelse • 100 min efter stop kører ECMO • På intensiv • Trigger respirator • Svært vol. krævende, lactat falder, BT lavt • Koagulations derangeret, bløder • Stivhed i muskulatur over hofte/knæ/ankel
  • 60. Case 1 • ECMO kører dårligt, lactat stiger, pH falder • Pt. inkarcererer 14 timer efter hjertestop • Behandlingen indstilles
  • 61. Case 2 • 46 årig kvinde findes med hø. hemiparese • På vej mod trombolyse VF, LUCAS 15-20 minutter, ROSC • CTC og CTT i.a. ; EKG forandringer, bradykardi og Zoll paces • Card Lab 160 minutter efter hjertestop: • BT 55/15 (70/30), pH 6,98; lactat 17 • KAG: LAD ok, Cx kronisk occl., RCA lukket, åbnes og stentes. Lang ledning
  • 62. Case 2 • På ny VF, LUCAS, DC x mange, PEA • ECMO kører 4 t 30 m efter første stop • Har været hjertemasseret i alt 110 min. • På intensiv: • Tamponade, dræneres med pigtail • Retter sig langsomt • Afvikles fra ECMO efter 3 døgn
  • 63. Case 2 • Ekstuberes efter 5 døgn • Hø. hemiparese • Overflyttet til neurologerne efter 8 døgn • Efter genoptræning på Hammel Neurocenter er stort set alle funktioner genvundet. Styringsbesvær af hø. hånd
  • 64. Evidens for mekanisk HLR • Dyrestudier viser: • Øget perfusionstryk over hjerte og hjerne • Øget corticalt flow
  • 65. Evidens for mekanisk HLR • CIRC (Circulation Improving Resuscitation Care) trial • 4231ptt. Randomiseret 1:1
  • 66. Evidens for mekanisk HLR • LINC (LUCAS In Cardiac Arrest) M-CPR C-CPR P-værdi Alle patienter 1300 1289 4 h overlevelse 307 (24) 305 (24) 1.0 CPC (1-2) v. udskr. 108 (8) 100 (8) 0.61 CPC (1-2) v. 1 mdr. e. u. 105 (8) 94 (7) 0.43 CPC (1-2) v. 6 mdr. e. u. 110 (9) 98 (8) 0.46
  • 67. Evidens for mekanisk HLR Konklusion • Mekanisk HLR er lige så godt som konventionel HLR med hensyn til overlevelse og neurologisk outcome
  • 68. Hvad er perfusionstrykket over hjertet med pågående LUCAS?
  • 69.
  • 70.
  • 71. Evidens for ECPR • In hospital: 20-25% overlevelse, overlegent i forhold til konventionel behandling ved matchede grupper • Out of hospital? 4-45% • Ingen randomiserede studier
  • 74. Refraktært hjertestop, algoritme Algoritme til beslutningstøtte ved Cardiel ECMO til refraktært hjertestop Komorbiditeter (balanceret,individuelt) > 10 min eller ubevidnet Rytme analyse Asystoli/PEA ETCO2< 1,3 kPa Eller Low-flow > 100 min - Bevægelse af hjertet Refraktært hjertestop Varighed af no-flow 0-10 min VT, VF Varighed af low-flow Ekko + Adrenalin + PM Intoxikation Hypothermi (< 32°C) Tegn på liv under CPR ETCO2> 1,3 kPa og Low flow < 100 min Bevægelse af hjertet Ingen indikationPågående diagnostikMulig indikation