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Tree rings as climate proxies on the northern Plains
- 3. Brian Luckman University of Western Ontario
- 4. Dave Meko University of Arizona
- 6. Erik Nielsen Manitoba Geological Survey
- 8. Brazil Russia Canada USA China India Columbia Peru Zaire 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 Source: Shiklomanov and Rodda, 2003 km3/y Canada Renewable water resources, by country
- 9. Photo: Haley Ca on
- 11. Tree-ring display at elementary school Photograph:Tom Swetnam
- 14. Martin-Philippe Girardin Canadian Forest Service Greg Pederson United States Geological Survey Erik Nielsen Manitoba Geological Survey Emma Watson Environment Canada Glen MacDonald UCLA David Sauchyn University of Regina Jacques Tardif University of Winnipeg
- 15. part one Tree rings on the northern Plains
- 20. White pine 1714
- 21. Photo: Danny Margoles White cedar 1452
- 23. 2008
- 24. 1875
- 25. Photo: Erik Nielsen Fort Dufferin 1873
- 27. Photo: Erik Nielsen ‘Rat River’ House 1859
- 31. 31
- 35. part two Prairie trees, Prairie drought
- 38. water stress
- 40. water stress less cell expansion reduced photosynthesis
- 41. water stress reduced cell division less cell expansion reduced photosynthesis
- 42. water stress reduced cell division less cell expansion reduced photosynthesisnarrow ring
- 43. Palmer Drought Severity Index
- 44. 40
- 45. Calgary
- 46. 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 Year (A.D.) -10 -5 0 5 10 PDSI -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 PDSI Ringwidth drought-sensitive tree-ring records Eastern Canadian Rockies St. George et al., (2009), Journal of Climate
- 48. St. George et al., (2010), The Holocene
- 51. Calgary
- 52. 114o W 108o W 102o W 96oW 90 o W 48o N 50o N 52o N 54o N 56o N 58o N −2 −1 0 1 2 0 +2-2 Ringwidth anomaly (deviations) 1718 - 1722 Source: St. George et al., 2009
- 53. Above average Below average 1842 to 1876 Source: St. George et al., 2009
- 54. Winnipeg
- 55. 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 Year (AD) -4 -2 0 2 4 Pollen-inferred effective moisture (cm) St. Jacques et al., Quaternary Science Reviews, 2008 Lake Mina, Minnesota
- 58. MEGADROUGHT
- 59. characteristics of Prairie tree rings Primarily tuned to summer drought Exhibit low spatial coherence Have modest connections to remote forcings ✔ ✔ ✔
- 60. Drought severity over the Northern Plains during 1932 – 1939 was likely triggered instead by random atmospheric variability.” “ Hoerling et al., Geophysical Research Le ers, 2009
- 66. I N T R O D U C T I O N TO D E N D R O C H R O N O LO GY