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Marile invenţii şi inventatori 
Inventatorii își protejează 
inventiile obţinând brevete de 
la autoritățile abilitate, prin 
care ei își dezvăluie secretele 
în schimbul dreptului de a 
realiza, utiliza sau vinde 
invențiile. Cei mai cunoscuţi 
inventatori din secolul al XIX-lea 
sunt: 
Heinrich Hertz: a demonstrat 
natura luminii, propagarea 
undelor electromagnetice 
Pe baza invenţiilor lui a 
urmat: 
Alexander Graham Bell care a 
inventat telefonul, 
A. Graham Bell 
(1847-1922) 
Heinrich Hertz 
(1857-1894)
Wilhelm Röntgen 
A descoperit razele X care au proprietatea de a 
traversa diferite corpuri 
Pe baza invenţiilor lui a urmat: 
Aplicaţiile din medicină ale radiografiilor X şi ale 
aplicaţiilor razelor X şi a razelor gamma din 
programele nucleare de azi. 
Care fizicieni francezi, polonezi, italieni i-au urmat? 
Wilhelm Röntgen 
(1845-1923) 
Descoperirea şi studiul
O nouă conceăţie despre Univers 
- teoria relativităţii - 
E = mc2 
Descoperirile din fizică au 
fost urmate de cele din 
chimie 
Albert Einstein 1879-1955
A inventat: 
fonograful, 
becul electric, 
centrala electrică, 
tramvaiul 
A descoperit modul de 
producere şi conducere a 
curentului electric. 
gramofon 
Thomas Halva Edison 
1847-1931
Joseph Nicéphore Niépce – francez - 1765 – 
1833 
inventatorul aparatului de fotografiat 1825 
Împreună cu Niepce, mai lucra o 
persoană pe nume Louis Daguerre, care , 
mai târziu, a îmbunătățit procedeul 
inventat de acesta. El a fost un pictor și a 
realizat fotografii pe plăci, cu iodat de 
argint fotosensibil. Din această cauză, 
primele fotografii au fost denumite 
dagherotipii. 
Vedere de la fereastră 
în Le Gras - 1826
O invenţie celebră 
Fraţii Auguste şi Louis 
Lumière 
Inventarea fotografiei le-a permis fraţilor Auguste şi Louis Lumière să meargă mai 
departe şi să inventeze filmul cinematografic , fotografia şi filmul color:
Algerieni – foto: 1917
Chimie şi microbiologie 
Chimie 
Sintetizarea compuşilor organici duce la 
dezvoltarea industriei chimice: 
îngrăşăminte, medicamente, fibre 
sintetice 
Microbiologia: 
descoperirea vaccinului datorită lui Louis 
Pasteur (1822-1895) 
Care este accinul descoperit de el? 
Ce specialitate avea? 
Cine i-a urmat? 
Biologie 
În ştiinţele biologice s-a remarcat 
englezul Charles Darwin (1809-1882) 
creatorul teoriei evoluţioniste 
Ce lucrare a scris? 
Ce noi ştiinţe biologice au apărut?
Marile progrese în marile expoziţii 
Expoziţia universală de la Londra – 1851: Crystal Palace
Expoziţia universală de la Londra – 1851: Crystal Palace
Expoziţia universală de la Londra – 1851: Crystal Palace
Expoziţia universală de la Paris – 1889
Expoziţia universală de la Paris – 1889: Galeria maşinilor
Maşinismul şi 
maşinăriile 
Benz "Velo" model (1894) by German 
inventor Carl Benz – entered into 
an early automobile race as 
a motocycle 
model ul din 1885
Ce aplicaţii are? 
Rudolf Diesel – 1858-1913 
german născut la Paris 
A inventat 
motorul cu ardere internă în 1893. 
Motor original creat de Diesel în 1897
Recunoaşteţi invenţiile şi 
inventatorii?
Recunoaşteţi invenţiile? 
Dar inventatorul?
Premiul Nobel 
Alfred Nobel – 1833-1896 
chimist, inginer şi inventator 
suedez 
A deţinut 350 de brevete de 
invenţie 
Cea mai celebră 
invenţie: dinamita. 
In 1888 Alfred's brother Ludvig died while visiting Cannes and a 
French newspaper erroneously published Alfred's obituary It 
condemned him for his invention of dynamite and is said to have 
brought about his decision to leave a better legacy after his 
death. The obituary stated, Le marchand de la mort est mort ("The 
merchant of death is dead") and went on to say, "Dr. Alfred Nobel, 
who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than 
ever before, died yesterday.“ Alfred was disappointed with what he 
read and concerned with how he would be remembered. 
On 27 November 1895, at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris, 
Nobel signed his last will and testament and set aside the bulk of 
his estate to establish the Nobel Prizes, to be awarded annually 
without distinction of nationality. After taxes and bequests to 
individuals, Nobel's will allocated 94% of his total assets, 
31,225,000 Swedish kronor, to establish the five Nobel Prizes. This 
converted to GBP £1,687,837 at the time. In 2012, the capital was 
worth around SEK 3.1 billion (USD 472 million, EUR 337 million), 
which is almost twice the amount of the initial capital, taking 
inflation into account. 
The first three of these prizes are awarded for eminence in 
physical science, in chemistry and in medical science or 
physiology; the fourth is for literary work "in an ideal direction" 
and the fifth prize is to be given to the person or society that 
renders the greatest service to the cause of 
international fraternity, in the suppression or reduction of 
standing armies, or in the establishment or furtherance of 
peace congresses.
recunoaşteţi inventatorii? 
1903 – fraţii Wright 
1909 – Louis Blériot 
1909 
1906 
Primul avion cu reacţie din lume: 1910

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șTiința și tehnica

  • 1. -
  • 2. Marile invenţii şi inventatori Inventatorii își protejează inventiile obţinând brevete de la autoritățile abilitate, prin care ei își dezvăluie secretele în schimbul dreptului de a realiza, utiliza sau vinde invențiile. Cei mai cunoscuţi inventatori din secolul al XIX-lea sunt: Heinrich Hertz: a demonstrat natura luminii, propagarea undelor electromagnetice Pe baza invenţiilor lui a urmat: Alexander Graham Bell care a inventat telefonul, A. Graham Bell (1847-1922) Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894)
  • 3. Wilhelm Röntgen A descoperit razele X care au proprietatea de a traversa diferite corpuri Pe baza invenţiilor lui a urmat: Aplicaţiile din medicină ale radiografiilor X şi ale aplicaţiilor razelor X şi a razelor gamma din programele nucleare de azi. Care fizicieni francezi, polonezi, italieni i-au urmat? Wilhelm Röntgen (1845-1923) Descoperirea şi studiul
  • 4. O nouă conceăţie despre Univers - teoria relativităţii - E = mc2 Descoperirile din fizică au fost urmate de cele din chimie Albert Einstein 1879-1955
  • 5. A inventat: fonograful, becul electric, centrala electrică, tramvaiul A descoperit modul de producere şi conducere a curentului electric. gramofon Thomas Halva Edison 1847-1931
  • 6. Joseph Nicéphore Niépce – francez - 1765 – 1833 inventatorul aparatului de fotografiat 1825 Împreună cu Niepce, mai lucra o persoană pe nume Louis Daguerre, care , mai târziu, a îmbunătățit procedeul inventat de acesta. El a fost un pictor și a realizat fotografii pe plăci, cu iodat de argint fotosensibil. Din această cauză, primele fotografii au fost denumite dagherotipii. Vedere de la fereastră în Le Gras - 1826
  • 7. O invenţie celebră Fraţii Auguste şi Louis Lumière Inventarea fotografiei le-a permis fraţilor Auguste şi Louis Lumière să meargă mai departe şi să inventeze filmul cinematografic , fotografia şi filmul color:
  • 9. Chimie şi microbiologie Chimie Sintetizarea compuşilor organici duce la dezvoltarea industriei chimice: îngrăşăminte, medicamente, fibre sintetice Microbiologia: descoperirea vaccinului datorită lui Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) Care este accinul descoperit de el? Ce specialitate avea? Cine i-a urmat? Biologie În ştiinţele biologice s-a remarcat englezul Charles Darwin (1809-1882) creatorul teoriei evoluţioniste Ce lucrare a scris? Ce noi ştiinţe biologice au apărut?
  • 10. Marile progrese în marile expoziţii Expoziţia universală de la Londra – 1851: Crystal Palace
  • 11. Expoziţia universală de la Londra – 1851: Crystal Palace
  • 12. Expoziţia universală de la Londra – 1851: Crystal Palace
  • 13. Expoziţia universală de la Paris – 1889
  • 14. Expoziţia universală de la Paris – 1889: Galeria maşinilor
  • 15. Maşinismul şi maşinăriile Benz "Velo" model (1894) by German inventor Carl Benz – entered into an early automobile race as a motocycle model ul din 1885
  • 16. Ce aplicaţii are? Rudolf Diesel – 1858-1913 german născut la Paris A inventat motorul cu ardere internă în 1893. Motor original creat de Diesel în 1897
  • 19. Premiul Nobel Alfred Nobel – 1833-1896 chimist, inginer şi inventator suedez A deţinut 350 de brevete de invenţie Cea mai celebră invenţie: dinamita. In 1888 Alfred's brother Ludvig died while visiting Cannes and a French newspaper erroneously published Alfred's obituary It condemned him for his invention of dynamite and is said to have brought about his decision to leave a better legacy after his death. The obituary stated, Le marchand de la mort est mort ("The merchant of death is dead") and went on to say, "Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.“ Alfred was disappointed with what he read and concerned with how he would be remembered. On 27 November 1895, at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris, Nobel signed his last will and testament and set aside the bulk of his estate to establish the Nobel Prizes, to be awarded annually without distinction of nationality. After taxes and bequests to individuals, Nobel's will allocated 94% of his total assets, 31,225,000 Swedish kronor, to establish the five Nobel Prizes. This converted to GBP £1,687,837 at the time. In 2012, the capital was worth around SEK 3.1 billion (USD 472 million, EUR 337 million), which is almost twice the amount of the initial capital, taking inflation into account. The first three of these prizes are awarded for eminence in physical science, in chemistry and in medical science or physiology; the fourth is for literary work "in an ideal direction" and the fifth prize is to be given to the person or society that renders the greatest service to the cause of international fraternity, in the suppression or reduction of standing armies, or in the establishment or furtherance of peace congresses.
  • 20. recunoaşteţi inventatorii? 1903 – fraţii Wright 1909 – Louis Blériot 1909 1906 Primul avion cu reacţie din lume: 1910