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Le Web sémantique : donner
du sens aux données
Le Web est énorme …
49 milliards de documents
indexés par les moteurs de
15 milliards d’objets connectés
en 2015 (Forbes)
38% de la population mondiale est
désormais potentiel consommateur
et producteur de contenus (2013)
4.7 millions d’articles sur
Wikipedia (Wikipedia)
La pyramide des connaissances
Le contexte général : lieu, temps
ffd8 ffe0 0010 4a46 4946 0001 0100 0001
0001 0000 ffe1 2518 4578 6966 0000 4d4d
002a 0000 0008 000a 010f 0002 0000 0012
0000 0086 0110 0002 0000 000c 0000 0098
011a 0005 0000 0001 0000 00a4 011b 0005
0000 0001 0000 00ac 0128 0003 0000 0001
0002 0000 0131 0002 0000 000a 0000 00b4
0132 0002 0000 0014 0000 00be 013b 0002
0000 0007 0000 00d2 0213 0003 0000 0001
0002 0000 8769 0004 0000 0001 0000 00da
0000 0de8 4e49 4b4f 4e20 434f 5250 4f52
La pyramide des connaissances
Le contexte général : lieu, temps
Las Vegas
Le contexte général : lieu, temps
Las Vegas
La pyramide des connaissances
Le triangle sémiotique
Symbole
(terme, donnée)
Objet
(monde réel)représente
« jaguar »
Le triangle sémiotique
Symbole
(terme, donnée)
Objet
(monde réel)
Concept
(connaissance, interprétation)
symbolise
représente
« jaguar »
Concept partagé
#jaguar
#Animal
rdfs:subClassOf
Le triangle sémiotique
Symbole
(terme, donnée)
Objet
(monde réel)
Concept
(connaissance, interprétation)
symbolise réfère
représente
« jaguar »
Concept partagé
#jaguar
#Animal
rdfs:subClassOf
Resource Description Framework
sujet
Toute information est stockée sous la forme d’un triplet RDF (RDF statement)
prédicat
objet
Ressource Literalou
Resource Description Framework
sujet
Toute information est stockée sous la forme d’un triplet RDF (RDF statement)
prédicat
objet
Ressource Literalou
uri
http://live.dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee http://live.dbpedia.org/ontology/Person
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type
uri uriRessource Ressource
Prédicat
Resource Description Framework
sujet
Toute information est stockée sous la forme d’un triplet RDF (RDF statement)
prédicat
objet
Ressource Literalou
uri
http://live.dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee http://live.dbpedia.org/ontology/Person
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type
uri uriRessource Ressource
Prédicat
uri
http://live.dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee
http://live.dbpedia.org/ontology/full_name
uri Ressource xsd:string
Prédicat
« Tim Berners-Lee»  
RDF / RDFS / DublinCore / OWL / FOAF /…
dbpedia-kb:Tim_Berners-Lee
dbpedia:Person
rdf:type
« Tim Berners-Lee»  
dbpedia:full_name
dbpedia:Agent
rdfs:subClassOf
« Personne » @fr
rdfs:label
foaf:Person
owl:equivalentClass
foaf:firstName
foaf:lastName
foaf:fsurname
dbpedia-kb:Robert_Cailliau
dbpedia:coworker
« Robert Cailliau »
dbpedia:full_name
dbpedia-kb:London
dbpedia:birthPlace
dbpedia-kb:England
rdf:type
« Robert Cailliau » @fr
rdfs:label
dbpedia-kb:English
dbpedia:language
dbpedia-kb:English
dbpedia:language
dbpedia-kb:Church_of_england
dbpedia:officialReligion
dbpedia:Settlement
dbpedia:Place
dbpedia:Country
rdf:type
rdf:type
rdfs:subClassOf
Base de connaissance
DBPedia
Base de
connaissance
Freebase
Base de
connaissance
LMDB
Talk Clermont'ech : Web semantique
Comment stocker ces informations ?
RDF Serialisation
dbpedia-kb:Tim_Berners-Lee
dbpedia_onto:Person
rdf:type
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://live.dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://live.dbpedia.org/ontology/Person"/>
</rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>
<http://live.dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type>
<http://live.dbpedia.org/ontology/Person> .
{
"@context": {
"rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
"rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
"xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
},
"@id": "http://live.dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee",
"@type": "http://live.dbpedia.org/ontology/Person"
}
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
prefix="
ns1: http://live.dbpedia.org/ontology/
rdf: http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
>
<div typeof="ns1:Person" about="http://live.dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee">
</div>
</div>
• RDF/XML
• Turtle
• RDFa
• JSON-LD
Talk Clermont'ech : Web semantique
Cédric Klein
cedric.klein@perfect-memory.com
MERCI DE VOTRE ATTENTION
Des questions ?

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Talk Clermont'ech : Web semantique

  • 1. Le Web sémantique : donner du sens aux données
  • 2. Le Web est énorme … 49 milliards de documents indexés par les moteurs de 15 milliards d’objets connectés en 2015 (Forbes) 38% de la population mondiale est désormais potentiel consommateur et producteur de contenus (2013) 4.7 millions d’articles sur Wikipedia (Wikipedia)
  • 3. La pyramide des connaissances
  • 4. Le contexte général : lieu, temps ffd8 ffe0 0010 4a46 4946 0001 0100 0001 0001 0000 ffe1 2518 4578 6966 0000 4d4d 002a 0000 0008 000a 010f 0002 0000 0012 0000 0086 0110 0002 0000 000c 0000 0098 011a 0005 0000 0001 0000 00a4 011b 0005 0000 0001 0000 00ac 0128 0003 0000 0001 0002 0000 0131 0002 0000 000a 0000 00b4 0132 0002 0000 0014 0000 00be 013b 0002 0000 0007 0000 00d2 0213 0003 0000 0001 0002 0000 8769 0004 0000 0001 0000 00da 0000 0de8 4e49 4b4f 4e20 434f 5250 4f52
  • 5. La pyramide des connaissances
  • 6. Le contexte général : lieu, temps Las Vegas
  • 7. Le contexte général : lieu, temps Las Vegas
  • 8. La pyramide des connaissances
  • 9. Le triangle sémiotique Symbole (terme, donnée) Objet (monde réel)représente « jaguar »
  • 10. Le triangle sémiotique Symbole (terme, donnée) Objet (monde réel) Concept (connaissance, interprétation) symbolise représente « jaguar » Concept partagé #jaguar #Animal rdfs:subClassOf
  • 11. Le triangle sémiotique Symbole (terme, donnée) Objet (monde réel) Concept (connaissance, interprétation) symbolise réfère représente « jaguar » Concept partagé #jaguar #Animal rdfs:subClassOf
  • 12. Resource Description Framework sujet Toute information est stockée sous la forme d’un triplet RDF (RDF statement) prédicat objet Ressource Literalou
  • 13. Resource Description Framework sujet Toute information est stockée sous la forme d’un triplet RDF (RDF statement) prédicat objet Ressource Literalou uri http://live.dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee http://live.dbpedia.org/ontology/Person http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type uri uriRessource Ressource Prédicat
  • 14. Resource Description Framework sujet Toute information est stockée sous la forme d’un triplet RDF (RDF statement) prédicat objet Ressource Literalou uri http://live.dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee http://live.dbpedia.org/ontology/Person http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type uri uriRessource Ressource Prédicat uri http://live.dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee http://live.dbpedia.org/ontology/full_name uri Ressource xsd:string Prédicat « Tim Berners-Lee»  
  • 15. RDF / RDFS / DublinCore / OWL / FOAF /… dbpedia-kb:Tim_Berners-Lee dbpedia:Person rdf:type « Tim Berners-Lee»   dbpedia:full_name dbpedia:Agent rdfs:subClassOf « Personne » @fr rdfs:label foaf:Person owl:equivalentClass foaf:firstName foaf:lastName foaf:fsurname dbpedia-kb:Robert_Cailliau dbpedia:coworker « Robert Cailliau » dbpedia:full_name dbpedia-kb:London dbpedia:birthPlace dbpedia-kb:England rdf:type « Robert Cailliau » @fr rdfs:label dbpedia-kb:English dbpedia:language dbpedia-kb:English dbpedia:language dbpedia-kb:Church_of_england dbpedia:officialReligion dbpedia:Settlement dbpedia:Place dbpedia:Country rdf:type rdf:type rdfs:subClassOf
  • 16. Base de connaissance DBPedia Base de connaissance Freebase Base de connaissance LMDB
  • 18. Comment stocker ces informations ?
  • 19. RDF Serialisation dbpedia-kb:Tim_Berners-Lee dbpedia_onto:Person rdf:type <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://live.dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://live.dbpedia.org/ontology/Person"/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF> <http://live.dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://live.dbpedia.org/ontology/Person> . { "@context": { "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" }, "@id": "http://live.dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee", "@type": "http://live.dbpedia.org/ontology/Person" } <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" prefix=" ns1: http://live.dbpedia.org/ontology/ rdf: http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" > <div typeof="ns1:Person" about="http://live.dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee"> </div> </div> • RDF/XML • Turtle • RDFa • JSON-LD