1. Ubiquitous Computing
……Providing computations and
communications everywhere !!
April 2012
Presenter : 09BCE035 Arpan Patel
Guide: Dr. S.N. Pradhan
Nirma University of Technology

2. Flow of Presentation:
- Issues & Challenges in Ubiquitous Computing
(The Problem Space!)
 Research Thrusts
 Design & Implementation Problems
- Solutions for Certain Problems
- Various Other Applications
- The Future of Ubiquitous Computing
- Conclusion

4. 4

5. 5

6. 6

7. 7

8. 8

9. 9

10. 10

11. 11

12. 12

13. 13

14. 14

15. 15

16. 16

17. 17

18. Security and trust issues in ubiquitous environments:
• Security implies protecting corporate resources
against threats and attacks.
• Security goals includes:
- Access control
- Data confidentiality and integrity
- Availability of services
- Accountability of actions
• Various solutions that are used includes:
- Firewalls
- Virtual private network
18

19. Solutions for Security and Privacy
• Sandboxing
- executing code in a restricted and safe environment.
- restricting access from the code to operating system
functionality.
- highly effective but at the expense of flexibility.
• Certification
- Trusting the code as safe on someone else opinion.
- Most often code being signed by a large corporation.
• The Volume of transmitted data should be kept
Minimum
• Data that require transmission should be encrypted and
sent anonymously (without reference to the owner)
19

20. Proof Carrying Code (PCC)
 Attaches additional data to a piece of code which can be
interpreted as a proof of a particular property.
 Verify the proof and check whether or not it is valid.
 Requires no certification , no restrictions so it strikes effective
balance bet security &flexibility.
Direct Code Analysis
 Direct analyses of executable code on client machine.
 Removes the need to depend on the external trust of
organizations.
 Full flexibility and security.
20

21. • Biometrics
It is the science of verifying and establishing the identity of an individual
through physiological features or behavioral traits.
Physical Biometrics: Fingerprint, Hand Geometry, Iris patterns
Behavioral Biometrics: Handwriting, Signature, Speech, Gait
Chemical/Biological Biometrics: Perspiration, Skin composition(spectroscopy)
• Biometrics offers a promising solution for reliable and uniform
identification and verification of an individual. These traits are
unique to an individual and hence cannot be misused, lost or
stolen. Biometrics are based on established scientific principles as
a basis for authentication.
• Advantages:
– Uniqueness
– No need to remember passwords or carry tokens
– Biometrics cannot be lost, stolen or forgotten
– Security has to be incorporated in the design stage
– Traditional authentication and access control paradigms cannot scale to
numerous and ubiquitous devices 21

22. Some Possible Applications
Pervasive Computing involving Hybrid (Regular and
Sensor Network-based) Internet works for:
• Natural disaster-specific warning purposes like:
Tsunami Warning, Forest Fire Warning, Volcanic
Eruption Warning, Flood-warning etc
• Large-scale monitoring and tracking purposes like:
Wildlife monitoring, Baggage / cargo monitoring,
Intelligent Transportation Systems, Inter-planetary
Networks, Intelligent Transportation Systems,
Wearable and Vehicular Computing

23. Future of Ubiquitous Computing:
• Pervasive computing is the next generation computing
environments with information & communication technology
everywhere, for everyone, at all times.
• Information and communication technology will be an
integrated part of our environments: from toys, milk cartons
and desktops to cars, factories and whole city areas - with
integrated processors, sensors, and actuators connected via
high-speed networks and combined with new visualization
devices ranging from projections directly into the eye to large
panorama displays.
• Pervasive computing goes beyond the traditional user
interfaces, on the one hand imploding them into small
devices and appliances, and on the other hand exploding
them onto large scale walls, buildings and furniture.
23

24. Conclusion
• Today, people's experience of computer technology is, for the most
part, time-consuming and frustrating. Researchers are looking to
address the increasing, sometimes overwhelming, complexity that
comes with digital living and will explore ways to measurably
simplify the digital experience.
• Much research has yet to be done to determine how to simplify
technology. The challenge grows as devices become more capable
and thus more complex. The complexity increases substantially as
users demand that their digital devices work together seamlessly.
Researchers are starting to leverage machine learning and new
networking and data access techniques to address the challenge of
making digital living less frustrating and more intuitive.
24

25. References
• M. Satyanarayanan, “Pervasive Computing: Vision and
Challenges,” http://www.fincher.org/tips/web/Pervasive.shtml
• http://indus.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page
• http://www.cc.gatech.edu/fce/pubs/icse99/final.html
• Mark Weiser. "The world is not a desktop". Interactions;
January 1997; pp. 7-8.
• Mark Weiser, "Hot Topics: Ubiquitous Computing" IEEE
Computer, October 1999.
• Mark Weiser, "Some Computer Science Problems in Ubiquitous
Computing," Communications of the ACM, July 1997. (reprinted
as "Ubiquitous Computing". Nikkei Electronics; December 6,
1997; pp. 137-143.)
• Mark Weiser, "The Computer for the Twenty-First Century,"
Scientific American, pp. 94-10, September 1991
25