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Egyptian,Mesopotamian,Chinese. Civilization
- 2. Egyptian, Mesopotamian, and Chinese Civilization We have discussed Indus valley civilization There were few other civilizations in different part of the world in the same period Egyptian Civilization Mesopotamian Civilization Chinese Civilization
- 5. Wide use of bronze tools was the common feature of all these civilizations. Hence these civilizations are commonly known as Bronze Age civilizations.
- 6. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION Diary of Howard Carter (Archeologist) Tutan Khaman was a king of ancient Egypt. The king of Egypt were known as Pharaoh The practice of preserving the body of the dead prevailed in Egypt. A corpse preserved thus is called Mummy. These process is know as mummification
- 12. Pyramids were tomps where the mummies were preserved. They remains as evidence for the excessive use of labour and wealth.
- 18. This civilization Flourished in the valley of the river Nile. Agriculture was the backbone of this civilization. The Egyptians also engaged in Weaving Production of glassware
- 19. They formed an art of writing It is knowns “Hieroglyphics” Which means “sacred writing” They used the leaves of the plant called papyrus for writing
- 24. The hieroglyphics script was first deciphered by Champollian. French scholar The script was engraved on a stone (Rosetta) near the mouth of river nile
- 27. The Egyptians also attained amazing advancement in the field of science Solar calender As per this calender a year had 365 days A year was divided into 12 months , of 30 days 5 days for celebrations
- 29. Their advancement in the field of Mathematics They could calculate the area of triangles and rectangles.
- 30. To determine the time they made sundial. A clock that tells time by the shadow cast by the sun. Water clock that works on water current
- 31. The Egyptians were also skilful in sculpture. It is evident from the Sphinx A statue with lion’s body and human head.
- 39. The Mesopotamian civilization flourished in the region where the modern Iraq is situated
- 41. Mesopotamia is the land between the rivers Euphrates Tigris
- 44. These rivers originate from the Armenian mountains And merge with Persian sea
- 46. The word Mesopotamia means the land between the rivers
- 47. Four different civilizations emerged and declined in Mesopotamia Sumerian Babylonian Assyrian Chaldean
- 49. The fertile soil of Mesopotamia helped the agricultural process It led to trade and the consequent growth of cities Ur Uruk Lagash Were the major cities in ancient Mesopotamia. Cities were also trading centres
- 52. Trade link between the people of Mesopotamia and the indus valley. As the trade developed, it became essential to record the accounts of the exchanged goods. It eventually led to the development of the art of writing
- 53. The Mesopotamian system of writing is called Cuneiform
- 54. The script was wedge - shaped
- 55. They were written on the smooth surface of wet clay tablets
- 56. A sharp stylus was used for writing
- 57. The tablet were then baked in the sun A huge collection of these tablet has been found here. Most of them were related to trade
- 58. They achieved remarkable progress in the field of mathamatics and astronomy They formulated a calendar based on the movements of the moon. They divided a year into 12 months A month into four weeks A day into 24 hours.
- 60. The construction of temples namely ziggurat is the evidence of the amazing architectural skill of the ancient Mesopotamians .
- 67. These temples were constructed in cities. They were built on artificial hillocks using bricks
- 75. The Chinese civilization flourished in the valley of the river Hwang – Ho . Yellow river Sorrow of China
- 78. Agriculture was the base of this civilization .
- 79. They were also skilful in Weawing Making pottery Silk production
- 81. Writing The art of writing existed in ancient China as well The script was pictographic Not alphabetic Later it developed into an ideographic script . Like ancient Mesopotamians and Egyptians.
- 84. Chinese too formulated a calender In which a year consisted of 365 1/2 days.
- 89. We discussed a few civilizations that flourished in river valleys . The use of bronze Agricultural progress Development of trade and craftsmanship The art of writing Progress in the field of science . Etc.... Were the remarkable common features of these civilizations.