Education Scenario Magazine copy

4. Editor’s Note
E
Editor-in-Chief
Samiullah Sami Learning from an adversary
ducation, education education………..anybody con-
Managing Editor
Shaista Sami
nected in some way to promotion of education in Pak-
Editor
istan has stepped on the same bandwagon with a cargo
Javaid Saleem Chattha
of promises, promises that are never meant to be ful-
Editorial Board
Dr Zafar Cheema
filled. No wonder the countries which were never so
M. Nawaz Saleem Kiani
well placed as Pakistan is, surpassed us and have an
Nadeem Qadir
enviable rate of literacy. In contrast to this, we in Pak-
Resident Editor (Islamabad)
Saifullah Khan
istan have not only a poor but a shameful record. And
Artwork/Designing
to that comes the standard of our education.
Serfraz Qadir Almani
Communication Manager
Shazia Kausar
There were times when students from far and near
Marketing Executives
flocked our institutions of higher learning but now even
Manzoor Ahmed
the local employers prefer students who graduate from
G.M Bajwa
Shahnawaz Kiani
abroad. There are ghost institutions of basic education
Abrar Ahmed
and ghost colleges. Every three or fours years a “bullar”
Legal Advisor
university is unearthed, a few persons given a token
Hashmat Ali Habib
Advocate, Supereme Court
punishment as an eyewash, a food for thought for our
Circulation
learned Dr. Ata-ur-Rehman, our education Guru and
Ghulam Rasool
presently the Chairman, Higher Education Commission
Photographers
Nadeem Khawar
Pakistan.
Zulfiqar Ali Kalhoro
M Yaqoob Bhatti
A large number of US universities are now trying to
Sagheer Ahmed Kamboh
Sajjad Butt
woo their Indian counterparts. Jointly, universities are
being set up with US curricula and faculty members
Head Office
derived partly from the US universities and partly from
394, Hunza Block,
Allama Iqbal Town,
India. The concept of satellite campuses in antiquated
Lahore - Pakistan
now. The Indian Academics now see eye to eye with
Tel: +92 42 5296754
their US and European counterparts, do we?
Fax: +92 42 5296755
Mobile: 0300 9452755
We consider India as our adversary but some times
Islamabad Office
learning from an adversary’s strategy can pay off. Can’t
Saifullah Khan
Office # 8, Israr Plaza
we learn from them? Can’t we set up jointly run univer-
G-10 Markaz, Islamabad
sities with curricula and faculty from Pakistan, USA or
Tel: 051 2110020
even European continental universities? Will our educa-
Mobile: 0333 5278862
tions pundits give some though to this?
UK Correspondent
Rashid Ahmed
Bushra Muzammal
102-Montague Road,
Slough Berks SL. 3RN UK
Tel: 017 53-535289

5. 14
M
An exclusive chat with Hasibe Sahoglu
CONTENTS ‘Pakistanis are very friendly people and good hosts.’
s Hasibe Sahoglu, the ambassador of the Turkish Republic of North-
ern Cyprus (TRNC) to Pakistan since September 2006, graduated
from Ankara University and received his Masters degree in Interna-
tional Relations from the Near East University in TRNC. He then had two
years’ training on ‘Conflict Resolution’ on the Fulbright scholarship. He had a
strange thrill of good feelings while he talked about as to how he felt the
moment he learnt that he had been assigned a magnificent job he had long
cherished as a diplomat in a brother-country like Pakistan.
I
Panel interview 16
Study in new zealand for pakistani students
t was a heated roundtable discussion when Education Scenario Interna-
tional (ESI) took the opportunity to meet with a panel of visiting Interna-
tional Marketing Managers from five New Zealand tertiary institutes at the
Serena Hotel in Islamabad. The interview started with a question posed by
ESI, and turned into an interesting and knowledgeable debate on internation-
al education, punctuated by the visiting managers. The visitors were joined by
two Pakistani women education agents that specialize in New Zealand educa-
tion, one from Karachi and the other from Islamabad.
E
Environmental scientist
What is this job like?
nvironment is a global issue in today’s world and both developed and
developing countries have now begun to feel concerned about the
greenhouse effect. Environmental scientists find and fix pollution and
other environmental problems. They figure out what is in the air, water, and
soil to make sure that the environment is safe. They also give advice on how
to clean the environment. For example, they might design a safe way to get rid
of trash. Some of these workers mix environmental science with other sci-
ences, such as chemistry or biology. 19
W
Seven simple steps to discovering
Who, what, and why you are.
hat am I? Who am I? Why am I here? These are questions we some-
times ask ourselves. When we answer these questions to our satisfac-
tion, we lead happy, fulfilling, and rewarding lives. That being so,
wouldn’t it help if they taught us the answers in school? Well, life itself is the
most important school we will ever attend, and the teacher is experience. Life will
gladly answer our questions if we follow seven simple steps.
25

6. 27
T
Global MBA Rankings 2009
Hopefully, 2009 will be year when business schools change funda-
mentally
his year marks the publication of the 11th annual Financial Times sur-
vey of non-degree executive education programmes. The survey
includes three business school rankings: of schools which offer open
w w w . e d u c a t i o n s c e n a r i o . c o m
enrolment programmes, those offering customised programmes and a com-
bined table featuring schools ranked for both. Perhaps the most difficult ques-
tion of all for MBA students is where they will work on graduation. “If there’s
a global market in automobiles there is no reason why there shouldn’t be a
global market in talent as well,” Joe Thomas, dean of the Johnson school at
Cornell University, USA, remarked.
35 New Point-based UK Student
F
Visa- PBS Tier 4 System
Just a simple guide for Pakistani students
rom 31st March 2009, UK Border and Immigration Agency (UKBIA)
has launched Points Based System (PBS, Tier 4) for international stu-
dents, who wish to apply and obtain UK Study Visa. Students wish to
study in UK and need student visa, would require obtaining 40 points to be
able to apply and gain the visa.
P
Working While Studying
New permission to work arrangement for student visa holders
eople granted student visas on or after 26 April 2008 will receive per-
mission to work with their visa grant. This applies to both the primary
student and any family members travelling with them on their student
visa. As a result, most student visa holders are no longer need to apply sepa-
rately in Australia for permission to work. The new arrangement saves student
visa holders time and money. However, work rights for student visa holders
haven’t changed. Students are still not allowed to work until they have started
W e b s i t e :
their course and the hours they can work have not changed.
T
Global MBA Rankings 2009
Hopefully, 2009 will be year when business schools
change fundamentally
his year marks the publication of the 11th annual Financial Times
survey of non-degree executive education programmes. The survey
includes three business school rankings: of schools which offer
open enrolment programmes, those offering customised programmes and
a combined table featuring schools ranked for both. Perhaps the most dif-
ficult question of all for MBA students is where they will work on gradua-
tion. “If there’s a global market in automobiles there is no reason why
there shouldn’t be a global market in talent as well,” Joe Thomas, dean of
the Johnson school at Cornell University, USA, remarked.

7. INTERVIEW
Education Scenario International (ESI): ESI: Pakistan and Turkey enjoy strong diplo-
Would you like to through light on your pro- matic and trade relations. Do you think there
fessional background and successful career? is still a lot to do to further cement these
existing bonds of relationship between
Hasibe Sahoglu: I completed my high school Pakistan and TRNC?
education in Lefkofla, Cyprus. I also attended
Aberdeen High School, Dakota, in USA for one year. I HS: The relations between the TRNC and Pakistan
graduated from the Department of Political Science of are exemplary at the political level, but our economic
Ankara University and received my Masters degree in relations are very weak in spite of the fact that there are
International Relations from the Near East University in tremendous possibilities to enhance the trade relations
TRNC. between our countries. We are working hard to further
I had two years’ training on ‘Conflict Resolution’ on grow the trade relations. I should mention here that
a Fulbright scholarship. I also worked for a private there are so many Pakistanis who are living in North
construction company in Libya for four or five years Cyprus. There are students studying in our universi-
and then at the TRNC Milk Industry Association for 12 ties; and there are professors teaching at these univer-
years. Then, I joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of sities apart from ordinary workers contributing to the
the TRNC as a diplomat in 1994 and served my first TRNC economy.
overseas post in Azerbaijan between the years 1999-
2003. After serving as the private secretary with deputy ESI: It may not be a matter of surprise for newspapers which have a large circulation.
prime minister and at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs you to believe that Education Scenario In terms of tourism, a package tour which covers
for a brief period, I worked as director of protocol for International and Tourism Scenario both Turkey and Northern Cyprus, can be organised by
15 months. International act as a major revenue genera- tourism agencies. I already know that there are so
tor for TRNC, and there is a lot of potential in many Pakistanis who visit Turkey. The distance
ESI: When did you take over as head of the Pakistan for your universities and tourism. In between Turkey and Northern Cyprus by air is only one
Mission to Pakistan and what were your view of the present privileged and wholesome hour. For instance, if a family goes to Turkey for a week
feelings? situation, what plans have you got on your they can spend two days of the week in Northern
mind to promote these very sectors? Cyprus. This is the first option strikes my head.
HS: Since September 2006, I have been serving as
Ambassador of the Turkish Republic of Northern HS: In terms of education, I believe that our univer- ESI: How do you find the flow of students
Cyprus (TRNC) in Pakistan. When I was told that I was sities should attach more importance to marketing in from Pakistan to your country? Did that
appointed to the Mission in Pakistan, I became over- Pakistan. Representatives from our universities attend decreased or increased during the last five
joyed because Pakistan is our brother-country and I education exhibitions held in Pakistan every year. years?
always had a dream to visit Pakistan some day. So, However, this is not sufficient from the point of view of
ultimately, my dream came true. I am very pleased to marketing. Another alternative to increase the number HS: Unfortunately, the number of Pakistani students
learn about Pakistanis and their way of life. of Pakistani students is to give advertisements in studying in our universities came down in the last five
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8. HS: The training on `Conflict Resolution` was a great
experience. Initially, we were trained as trainers and then
we organised bi-communal workshops for students,
occupational groups, young people etc. I believe that as
a result of all those workshops both the peoples, name-
ly the Turkish Cypriots and the Greek Cypriots in the
island of Cyprus have come to a point that there must
be a solution for the long existing problem.
ESI: You have been in Pakistan since 2006.
How do you find Pakistan as a country and
what are your views about its people?
HS: As I have mentioned earlier, Pakistan is a coun-
try that I have always wanted to visit. It has a very rich
culture. Every province has its own culture in terms of
clothing, dance, music etc. I find Pakistani people very
friendly and good hosts. Whenever we say that we are
Turks a friendly and warm smile plays upon their lips.
In fact, the amity and respect are mutual feelings that
the people of these two countries enjoy.
ESI: How and in what way Education
Scenario International and its Event
Management team can support TRNC to pro-
mote its universities?
HS: Well, I think that Education Scenario
International can support the TRNC universities by
publishing information about universities in our coun-
try. For instance, our universities can be promoted one
by one in this magazine’s subsequent issues.
ESI: Would you like to comment on the role
of Pakistan’s first and the only magazine on
education?
HS: I congratulate you for publishing Education
years. The main reason for this is that some of the Scenario International. You are doing a great job
Asian countries are offering good opportunities as well. because this is a kind of encouragement for young peo-
ple who wish to get good international education. You
ESI: Why should students choose TRNC as know education is the most important thing in one’s
their study destination? life. The more you educate people, the more you
become successful in life and useful in your society. I
HS: First of all, some of our most important uni- believe education plays an important role in the
versities have a high standard of education. progress and development of a nation.
Secondly, the annual fees compared to the
European and American universities are quite low. ESI: Anything else that we may have missed
Thirdly, some of our universities have protocol which you would like to share with our valued
agreements with universities in the UK and USA. readers?
So, students always stand a chance to have double
degrees. HS: Personally, I believe that Northern Cyprus is a
And, finally, TRNC is a Muslim country and peo- ESI: You have been awarded Fulbright schol- paradise. I am sure all students will enjoy their staying
ple can perform their religious duties and obliga- arship for training on ‘Conflict Resolution’. in this country. Therefore, I would like to invite all
tions without any hesitation or fear. How was your experience? Pakistani students to apply for TRNC universities.
| E d u c a t i o n S c e n a r i o International | 2 5

9. It was a heated roundtable discussion when “So why should Pakistani students consider here satisfy this desire. And very importantly, New
Education Scenario International (ESI) took the studying in New Zealand?” was the question Zealand has one of the least expensive costs-of-liv-
opportunity to meet with a panel of visiting posed by ESI. ing in the Western world.”
International Marketing Managers from five New
Zealand tertiary institutes at the Serena Hotel in Mr Brett Muir, (representing the University of Ms Robyn McCollum, (Waikato Institute of
Islamabad. Waikato) responded that New Zealand is a very Technology) added: New Zealand has 21 Institutes
strong market for undergraduate and postgraduate of Technology and 8 Universities. The Institutes of
The interview started with a question posed by students. “New Zealand offers unique opportunities Technology are mainly undergraduate, and very
ESI, and turned into an interesting and knowledge- for Pakistani students who would normally be think- focused on preparing students for employment.
able debate on international education, punctuated ing of studying in the UK, Australia, US or Canada.” Universities are more research focused.” Ms Robyn
by the visiting managers. The visitors were joined by “All of the institutions visiting here today are state continued, “In the current global recession, students
two Pakistani women education agents that special- run and academically very strong. Students want to are very cost conscious, and particularly concerned
ize in New Zealand education, one from Karachi and graduate with qualifications that are very internation- with their employment prospects after graduation.
the other from Islamabad. ally respected. All of the New Zealand institutions New Zealand offers an applied education system that
1 6 | E d u c a t i o n S c e n a r i o International |

10. is focused on resourcefulness and problem solving
in the future workplace.”
Ms Carol Allen, (Western Institute of Technology):
“New Zealand certificates, diplomas and degrees in
subjects including business, engineering, nursing,
teaching, agriculture, horticulture, construction,
hospitality, biotechnology, medical and health are
taught as good as anything in Australia or the UK
and with lower tuition fees. If you are looking for (From left to right) Rubeena N I Hoodbhoy, (CEO
RMT Enterprises) and Mrs S Rajput, (Director, Islam-
abad Auspak International) during interview session.
environmental studies or water resources or roading
technology engineering...or if you are looking for
dairy farm technology, then New Zealand has excel- Parents can be reassured that New Zealand is a safe
lent programmes.” country. Male and female Muslim students are wel-
comed with none of the unreasonable discrimination
ESI: What about the social situation for our you experience in other countries of the world. The
students? This is something parents are political situation in Pakistan makes it more difficult
particularly concerned about...” for students to get visas, but the New Zealand entry
Ms Helen Kemp (Eastern Institute of Technology): requirements are fair and honest.
| E d u c a t i o n S c e n a r i o International | 1 7

11. Parents can be reassured that
‘‘
New Zealand is a safe country.
New Zealand offers unique oppor-
Male and female Muslim stu-
tunities for Pakistani students
dents are welcomed with none who would normally be thinking
of the unreasonable discrimi- of studying in the UK, Australia,
’’
nation you experience in other US or Canada.
countries of the world. The
political situation in Pakistan
makes it more difficult for stu-
dents to get visas, but the New
Zealand entry requirements
are fair and honest.
Interview Panel
Universities
(1) University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
www.waikato.ac.nz/international
(2) Eastern Institute of Technology, Napier, New Zealand
www.eit.ac.nz
(3) Waikato Institute of Technology, Hamilton, New Zealand
www.wintec.ac.nz
(4) Western Institute of Technology at Taranaki, New Zealand
www.witt.ac.nz/
(5) Wellington Institute of Technology, New Zealand
www.weltec.ac.nz
that New Zealand is a very strong option for stu- institution.
dents.” We have a much better understanding of the
Ms Helen continued, “Students need to know education system here in Pakistan and are able to
that the agents know what they are talking about. counsel the student on where they should be
ESI: You people have agents in Pakistan. Recently the news has been full of reports about going.”
They have their name; they have a reputa- inaccurate information relating to poor quality UK
tion built on doing business with schools. ESI interrupted: On the basis of reality,
Australian institutions. Why should an We work closely with three four agencies in the basic objective is for you to reap a
agent who works for Australia choose to Pakistan: RMT, Auspak, HR Consultants, and maximum benefit...
work for New Zealand institutions? Horizon..They have all personally visited our cam- Ms Rubeena Hoodbhoy, RMT Enterprises,
puses in New Zealand, and also visited the New Karachi responded, “Of course. Education is like
Ms Prabha Ravi (Wellington Institute of Zealand Immigration Office in Bangkok to have a cloth. A student may choose silk, cotton, or syn-
Technology): “When we are developing a market clear picture of the visa scenario for local stu- thetic. But not everyone can choose silk, and not
such as Pakistan we have to depend on the people dents.“ every student can enter an Ivy League school. The
who represent us when we are not present. Ms S Rajput, Director of Auspak International in first choice is that the study should be cost effec-
Thankfully we have some really capable agents Islamabad jumped into the discussion. “Whether tive. Students have opportunities from all over the
assisting us in Pakistan. They have historically in America, the UK, or New Zealand we agents are world but our decision as agents is that New
favoured Australian institutions, but now believe the middle person between the student and the Zealand is the right place to go to.”
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12. EMERGING SUBJECT
| E d u c a t i o n S c e n a r i o International | 1 9

13. E
EMERGING SUBJECT
nvironment is a global issue in Environmental scientists find read books about rocks, the earth, and the
today’s world and both developed environment.
and developing countries have
and fix pollution and other
now begun to feel concerned about the environmental problems. They
How much does this job pay?
greenhouse effect. Environmental scientists figure out what is in the air,
find and fix pollution and other environ- water, and soil to make sure The middle half of all environmental sci-
mental problems. They figure out what is in that the environment is safe. entists earned between $42,840 and
the air, water, and soil to make sure that the They also give advice on how $74,480 in 2006. The lowest-paid 10 per-
environment is safe. They also give advice cent earned less than $34,590. The highest-
on how to clean the environment. For paid 10 percent earned more than $94,670.
to clean the environment. For
example, they might design a safe way to example, they might design a
get rid of trash. Some of these workers mix safe way to get rid of trash. How many jobs are there?
environmental science with other sciences,
such as chemistry or biology. Environmen- Environmental scientists held about
tal chemists find out if different chemicals 83,000 jobs in 2006. Many worked for gov-
hurt the environment. Environmental biolo- ernments. Others worked for science and
gists focus on protecting animals and engineering companies, oil and gas compa-
plants. Some environmental scientists help nies, and other places. Some had their own
make laws about protecting the environ- businesses.
ment. They also help companies follow the
laws. Environmental scientists work in lab- What about the future?
oratories and offices. They also work out-
side, taking measurements. They use maths The number of jobs for environmental
and computers. Environmental scientists scientists is expected to grow much faster
sometimes work long hours. Some travel to than the average for all occupations through
far away places in trucks and helicopters. 2016. That’s because people want the envi-
They might dig dirt, chip rocks, or do other ronment to be cleaner, and more businesses
physical things. Scientists who look for oil and governments will hire these scientists
often work in foreign countries. In addition to help do that.
to doing science, many of these workers
write reports and help find money for their Are there other jobs like this?
projects.
Astronomer
Atmospheric scientist
How do you get ready?
Chemist
Engineering technician
All of these workers need a college
Mathematician
degree. Most need an advanced degree
Petroleum engineer
either masters, which takes 1 or 2 more
Physicist
years after finishing college, or a doctoral Science technician
degree, which takes longer. In college,
these workers study geography, environ-
mental science, chemistry, biology, earth Environmental scientists and
science, and physics. They also study math In college, these workers
hydrologists
and statistics so that they can understand study geography, environmen-
measurements and data. People who want tal science, chemistry, biolo- Environmental scientists and hydrologists
to make laws about protecting the environ- gy, earth science, and often work in offices, laboratories and field
ment also take law classes. In addition to sites. Federal, State and local governments
taking classes, scientists have to learn how employ 43 per cent of all environmental
physics. They also study math
to work with other people. They also need and statistics so that they can scientists and hydrologists. Although a
to practice speaking and writing so that they understand measurements and bachelor’s degree in an earth science is ade-
will be able to explain their research. Work- data. quate for a few entry-level jobs, employers
ers also need computer skills. And they prefer a master’s degree; a PhD. degree
need to know about the latest tools and generally is required for research or college
technology for studying the earth. Students teaching positions. Job prospects are
can start getting ready by taking science, expected to be favourable, particularly for
math, and computer classes. They can also hydrologists.
2 0 | E d u c a t i o n S c e n a r i o International |

14. EMERGING SUBJECT
Nature of work
Environmental scientists and hydrologists in research positions with the
Environmental scientists and hydrologists Federal Government or in colleges and universities often have to find fund-
use their knowledge of the physical makeup ing for their work by writing grant proposals. Consultants face similar pres-
and history of the Earth to protect the envi- sures to market their skills and write proposals so that they will have
ronment, study the properties of under- steady work.
ground and surface waters, locate water and
energy resources, predict water-related geo- disciplinary engineering companies, the
logic hazards, and provide environmental largest of which may employ thousands of
site assessments and advice on indoor air workers, and small niche firms that may
quality and hazardous-waste-site remedia- employ only a few workers. When looking
tion. Environmental scientists conduct for jobs, environmental scientists and
research to identify, abate and eliminate hydrologists should consider the type of
hazards that affect people, wildlife, and firm and the scope of the projects it under-
their environments. These workers analyze takes. In larger firms, environmental scien-
measurements or observations of air, food, tists are more likely to engage in large,
water, and soil to determine the way to long-term projects in which they will work
clean and preserve the environment. Under- with people in other scientific disciplines.
standing the issues involved in protecting In smaller specialty firms, however, they
the environment—degradation, conserva- work more often with business profession-
tion, recycling, and replenishment—are als and clients in government and the pri-
central to the work of environmental scien- vate sector.
tists. They often use this understanding to
design and monitor waste disposal sites, Environmental scientists who work on
preserve water supplies, and reclaim con- policy formation may help identify ways
taminated land and water to comply with that human behaviour can be modified in
Federal environmental regulations. They the future to avoid such problems as
also write risk assessments, describing the ground-water contamination and depletion
likely affect of construction and other envi- of the ozone layer. Some environmental sci-
ronmental changes; write technical propos- entists work in managerial positions, usual-
als; and give presentations to managers and ly after spending some time performing
regulators. Hydrologists study the quantity, research or learning about environmental
distribution, circulation, and physical prop- laws and regulations.
erties of bodies of water. Often they spe-
cialize in either underground water or sur- Many environmental scientists do work
face water. They examine the form and and have training that is similar to other
intensity of precipitation, its rate of infiltra- physical or life scientists, but they focus on
tion into the soil, its movement through the environmental issues. Many specialise in
Earth, and its return to the ocean and atmos- subfields such as environmental ecology
phere. Hydrologists use sophisticated tech- and conservation, environmental chemistry,
niques and instruments. For example, they Many environmental scientists and environmental biology, or fisheries science.
may use remote sensing technology, data hydrologists work at consulting firms, help- Specialties affect the specific activities that
assimilation, and numerical modelling to ing businesses and government agencies environmental scientists perform, although
monitor the change in regional and global comply with environmental policy, particu- recent understandings of the interconnect-
water cycles. Some surface-water hydrolo- larly with regard to ground-water deconta- edness of life processes have blurred some
gists use sensitive stream-measuring mination and flood control. They are usual- traditional classifications. For example,
devices to assess flow rates and water qual- ly hired to solve problems. Most consulting environmental ecologists study the relation-
ity. firms fall into two categories: large multi- ships between organisms and their environ-
ments and the effects of factors such as
population size, pollutants, rainfall, temper-
ature, and altitude, on both. They may col-
lect, study, and report data on air, soil, and
water using their knowledge of various sci-
entific disciplines. Ecological modellers
study ecosystems, pollution control, and
resource management using mathematical
| E d u c a t i o n S c e n a r i o International | 2 1

15. EMERGING SUBJECT
modelling, systems analysis, thermodynam-
A bachelor’s degree in
ics, and computer techniques. Environmen- environmental science
tal chemists study the toxicity of various offers an interdisciplinary
chemicals, that is, how those chemicals approach to the natural
affect plants, animals, and people. (Infor- sciences, with an empha-
mation on geoscientists who also study the
Earth, is located elsewhere in the Hand-
sis on biology, chemistry,
book.)
and geology.
Undergraduate environ-
Environmental scientists and hydrologists mental science majors
in research positions with the federal gov- typically focus on data
ernment or in colleges and universities analysis and physical
often have to find funding for their work by
writing grant proposals. Consultants face
geography, which are par-
similar pressures to market their skills and
ticularly useful in study-
write proposals so that they will have ing pollution abatement,
steady work. water resources, or
ecosystem protection,
Most entry-level environmental scientists restoration, and manage-
and hydrologists spend the majority of their
time in the field, while more experienced
ment.
workers generally devote more time to
office or laboratory work. Many beginning most entry-level applied research positions chemistry, fluid mechanics, and geologic
hydrologists and some environmental sci- in private industry, in state and federal logging, which is the gathering of geologic
entists, such as environmental ecologists agencies, and at State geological surveys. A data. An understanding of environmental
and environmental chemists, often take doctoral degree generally is necessary for regulations and government permit issues
field trips that involve physical activity. college teaching and most research posi- also is valuable for those planning to work
Environmental scientists and hydrologists tions. in mining and oil and gas extraction.
in the field may work in warm or cold cli- Students interested in hydrology should
mates, in all kinds of weather. In their Some environmental scientists have a take courses in the physical sciences, geo-
research, they may dig or chip with a ham- degree in environmental science. Many, physics, chemistry, engineering science,
mer, scoop with a net, come in contact with however, earn degrees in life science, soil science, mathematics, aquatic biology,
water, and carry equipment. Travel often is chemistry, geology, geophysics, atmospher- atmospheric science, geology, oceanogra-
required to meet with prospective clients or ic science, or physics and then apply their phy, hydrogeology, and the management or
investors. education to the environment. They often conservation of water resources. In some
need research or work experience related to cases, a bachelor’s degree in a hydrologic
Researchers and consultants might face environmental science. A bachelor’s degree science is sufficient for positions consulting
stress when looking for funding. Occasion- in environmental science offers an interdis- about water quality or wastewater treat-
ally, those who write technical reports to ciplinary approach to the natural sciences, ment.
business clients and regulators may be with an emphasis on biology, chemistry, For environmental scientists and hydrol-
under pressure to meet deadlines and thus and geology. Undergraduate environmental ogists who consult, courses in business,
have to work long hours. science majors typically focus on data finance, marketing, or economics may be
analysis and physical geography, which are useful. In addition, combining environ-
Training, other qualifications and particularly useful in studying pollution mental science training with other disci-
advancement abatement, water resources, or ecosystem plines such as engineering or business,
protection, restoration, and management. qualifies these scientists for the widest
Most environmental scientists and range of jobs. Computer skills are essential
hydrologists need a master’s degree. A PhD Understanding the geochemistry of inor- for prospective environmental scientists and
is usually necessary for jobs in college ganic compounds is becoming increasingly hydrologists. Students who have some expe-
teaching or research. A bachelor’s degree in important in developing remediation goals. rience with computer modelling, data analy-
an earth science is adequate for a few entry- Students interested in working in the envi- sis and integration, digital mapping, remote
level positions, but environmental scientists ronmental or regulatory fields, either in sensing, and Geographic Information Sys-
increasingly need a master’s degree in envi- environmental consulting firms or for fed- tems (GIS) will be the most prepared to enter
ronmental science, hydrology, or a related eral or state governments, should take the job market. Familiarity with the Global
natural science. A master’s degree also is courses in hydrology, hazardous-waste Positioning System (GPS)—a locator system
the minimum educational requirement for management, environmental legislation, that uses satellites—is vital.
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16. EMERGING SUBJECT
Certification and advancement Job outlook
Environmental scientists and hydrolo- Employment of environmental scientists
gists often begin their careers in field and hydrologists is expected to grow much
exploration or, occasionally, as research faster than the average for all occupations.
assistants or technicians in laboratories or Job prospects are expected to be
offices. They are given more difficult favourable, particularly for hydrologists.
assignments as they gain experience. Even- Employment of environmental scientists is
tually, they may be promoted to project expected to increase by 25 percent between
leader, programming manager, or some 2006 and 2016, much faster than the aver-
other management and research position. age for all occupations. Over the same peri-
(Information on engineering and natural od, employment of hydrologists should
sciences managers is located elsewhere in increase by 24 percent, also much faster
the Handbook.) than the average. Job growth for environ-
The American Institute of Hydrology mental scientists and hydrologists should
offers certification programmes in profes- be strongest in private-sector consulting
sional hydrology. Certification may be ben- firms. Growth in employment of environ-
eficial for those seeking advancement. mental scientists and hydrologists will be
spurred largely by the increasing demands
Employment placed on the environment and water
resources by population growth.
Environmental scientists and hydrolo-
gists held about 92,000 jobs in 2006. Jobs Further demand should result from the
for hydrologists accounted for only 9 per- need to comply with complex environmen-
cent of the total. Many more individuals tal laws and regulations, particularly those
Employment of environmental sci- held environmental science faculty posi- regarding ground-water decontamination,
tions in colleges and universities, but they clean air, and flood control. Much job
are classified as postsecondary teachers. growth will result from a continued need to
entists and hydrologists is expected
to grow much faster than the aver- (See the statement on teachers postsec- monitor the quality of the environment, to
age for all occupations. Job ondary elsewhere in the Handbook.) interpret the impact of human actions on
prospects are expected to be favor- terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and to
able, particularly for hydrologists. About 35 per cent of environmental sci- develop strategies for restoring ecosys-
Employment change. Employment entists were employed in State and local tems. In addition, environmental scientists
governments; 21 percent in management, will be needed to help planners develop
scientific, and technical consulting servic- and construct buildings, transportation cor-
of environmental scientists is
expected to increase by 25 percent es; 15 percent in architectural, engineering ridors, and utilities that protect water
between 2006 and 2016, much and related services; and 8 percent in the resources and reflect efficient and benefi-
faster than the average for all occu- Federal Government. About 2 percent were cial land use.
pations. self-employed.
Demand for hydrologists should also be
Among hydrologists, 26 per cent were strong as the population increases and
employed in architectural, engineering, and moves to more environmentally sensitive
Environmental scientists and hydrologists related services, and 18 per cent worked for locations. As people increasingly migrate
must have good interpersonal skills, management, scientific, and technical con- toward coastal regions, for example,
because they usually work as part of a team sulting services. In 2006, the Federal hydrologists will be needed to assess build-
with other scientists, engineers, and techni- Government employed about 28 percent of ing sites for potential geologic hazards and
cians. Strong oral and written communica- hydrologists, mostly within the US Depart- to mitigate the effects of natural hazards
tion skills also are essential because writ- ment of the Interior for the US Geological such as floods, landslides, and hurricanes.
ing technical reports and research propos- Survey (USGS) and within the US Depart- Hydrologists also will be needed to study
als and communicating results to company ment of Defence. Another 21 percent hazardous-waste sites and determine the
managers, regulators, and the public are worked for State agencies, such as State effect of pollutants on soil and ground
important aspects of the work. Because geological surveys and State departments water so that engineers can design remedi-
international work is becoming increasing- of conservation. About 2 percent of hydrol- ation systems. Increased government regu-
ly pervasive, knowledge of a second lan- ogists were self-employed, most as con- lations, such as those regarding the man-
guage can be an advantage. Those involved sultants to industry or government. agement of storm water, and issues related
in fieldwork must have physical stamina. to water conservation, deteriorating coastal
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17. EMERGING SUBJECT
environments, and rising sea levels also 2007 for graduates with bachelor’s degrees in
Job prospects
will stimulate employment growth for an environmental science averaged $38,336 a
these workers. In addition to job openings due to year. In 2007, the Federal Government’s
Many environmental scientists and growth, there will be additional demand for average salary for hydrologists was $82,217.
hydrologists work in consulting. Consult- new environmental scientists and hydrolo-
ing firms have hired these scientists to help gists to replace those who retire, advance Related occupations
businesses and government address issues to management positions, or change
related to underground tanks, land disposal careers. Job prospects for hydrologists Environmental scientists and hydrologists
areas, and other hazardous-waste-manage- should be favourable, particularly for those perform investigations for the purpose of
ment facilities. Currently, environmental with field experience. Demand for hydrol- abating or eliminating pollutants or hazards
consulting is evolving from investigations ogists who understand both the scientific that affect the environment or plants, ani-
to creating remediation and engineering and engineering aspects of waste remedia- mals, and humans.
solutions. At the same time, the regulatory tion should be strong. Few colleges and Many other occupations deal with preserv-
climate is moving from a rigid structure to universities offer programmes in hydrolo- ing or researching the natural environment,
a more flexible risk-based approach. gy, so the number of qualified workers may including conservation scientists and
be limited. foresters, atmospheric scientists, and some
These factors, coupled with new Federal biological scientists, science technicians,
Federal executive branch $82,490
and State initiatives that integrate environ- and engineering technicians. Environmental
Management services $57,280
mental activities into the business process Engineering services $56,080
scientists and hydrologists have extensive
itself, will result in a greater focus on waste Local government $52,100 training in physical sciences, and many
minimization, resource recovery, pollution State government $50,590 apply their knowledge of chemistry, physics,
prevention, and the consideration of envi- biology, and mathematics to the study of the
ronmental effects during product develop- Job prospects for environmental scien- Earth, work closely related to that of geosci-
ment. This shift in focus to preventive tists also will be good, but less favourable entists.
management will provide many new oppor- than for hydrologists because of the larger Using problem-solving skills, physicists;
tunities for environmental scientists and number of workers seeking to enter the chemists; engineers; mathematicians; survey-
hydrologists in consulting roles. field. ors, cartographers, photogrammetrists, and
Funding for Federal and State geological surveying technicians; computer systems
surveys depend largely on the political cli- analysts; and computer scientists and data-
Currently, environmental con- mate and the current budget. Thus, job base administrators may also perform similar
security for environmental scientists and work related to the environment.
hydrologists may vary. During periods of Sources of additional information: Infor-
sulting is evolving from investi-
gations to creating remediation economic recession, layoffs of environ- mation on training and career opportunities
and engineering solutions. At the mental scientists and hydrologists may for environmental scientists is available
same time, the regulatory cli- occur in consulting firms; layoffs are much from: American Geological Institute, 4220
mate is moving from a rigid less likely in government. King St., Alexandria, VA 22302. Internet:
structure to a more flexible risk- http://www.agiweb.org
Earnings For information on careers in hydrology,
contact: American Institute of Hydrology,
based approach. These factors,
coupled with new Federal and Median annual earnings of environmental 300 Village Green Circle, Suite #201, Smyr-
State initiatives that integrate scientists were $56,100 in May 2006. The na, GA 30080. Internet: http://www.aihy-
environmental activities into the middle 50 percent earned between $42,840 dro.org Information on obtaining a position
business process itself, will and $74,480. The lowest 10 percent earned as a hydrologist or an environmental pro-
result in a greater focus on waste less than $34,590, and the highest 10 percent tection specialist with the Federal Govern-
earned more than $94,670. ment is available from the Office of Per-
Median annual earnings of hydrologists sonnel Management through USAJOBS,
minimization, resource recovery,
pollution prevention, and the were $66,260 in 2006, with the middle 50 the Federal Government’s official employ-
consideration of environmental percent earning between $51,370 and ment information system.
effects during product develop- $82,140, the lowest 10 percent earning less This resource for locating and applying
ment. than $42,080, and the highest 10 percent for job opportunities can be accessed
earning more than $98,320. Median annual through the Internet at
earnings in the industries employing the http://www.usajobs.opm.gov or through an
largest number of environmental scientists in interactive voice response telephone sys-
2006 were as follows: According to the tem at (703) 724-1850 or TDD (978) 461-
National Association of Colleges and 8404. These numbers are not toll free, and
Employers, beginning salary offers in July charges may result.
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18. PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
W
hat am I? Who am I? Why am I uncooperative, he could have been studying surprise, he suddenly became one.
here? These are questions we some- how to get along with others. Rather than As he trotted to the garrison, Michihiro
times ask ourselves. When we whining about having too much to do, he could cursed the blazing sun, for the long robes he
answer these questions to our satisfaction, we have been studying how to get organized and was wearing caused him to be drenched in
lead happy, fulfilling, and rewarding lives. manage his time. Rather than demanding sweat. “I wish I was as powerful as the sun.” he
That being so, wouldn’t it help if they taught respect from his company, he could have been said. No sooner said than done. Thrilled by his
us the answers in school? Well, life itself is the studying how to earn it. Rather than bellyach- new power, he started to scorch the earth. But
most important school we will ever attend, and ing about tedious tasks, he could have been a menacing storm cloud appeared and blocked
the teacher is experience. Life will gladly developing self-discipline. And rather than the sun. “That cloud is more powerful than I,”
answer our questions if we follow seven sim- grumbling about lack of advancement, he he thought, “I wish I were a cloud.” Soon he
ple steps. could have been busily creating his own oppor- was. But he felt himself being pushed away by
tunities. the wind. “The wind is more powerful than I. I
Step 1. Accept and appreciate your wish I were the wind.” he said. Michihiro
present situatuin Step 1 is important because it is only when laughed as he blew the tiles off house tops and
we are satisfied with where we are that we will fell trees. But there was something he could not
be ready to move beyond it. To bring this point budge. It was a mountain made of solid stone.
Sure, life is a school, but how can you learn home, I will share a zen story and a poem. First “That mountain is more powerful than I.” he
anything if you don’t attend classes and fail to the zen story: thought, “I wish I were the mountain.”
study? Let’s use Tom as an example. Perhaps A long time ago, a Japanese stone cutter Michihiro stood tall and erect, for he was
you know someone like him. He is unhappy named Michihiro was unhappy with his lot in now a mighty mountain. But then he heard a
and always changing jobs. He always has an life. He was envious of his neighbor, a wealthy clinking sound from down below. And with
excuse for quitting. “I can’t stand the petty merchant. “I wish I could be as rich as he.” he each clink, he felt a little weaker. “Is there
office politics. The boss is too demanding. The said to himself. After making the wish, he was something more powerful than I?” he thought.
people I have to work with refuse to cooperate. magically transformed into a wealthy mer- Looking down, he saw a stone cutter chipping
I don’t get chant. away slabs of stone. Perhaps, like Michihiro,
the recognition I deserve. This job is too bor- One day a nobleman and his accompanying we can learn that we don’t have to look else-
ing. There is no opportunity for advancement.” warriors walked by on horseback. All the vil- where for power, contentment, and success, but
Tom wants to graduate from the school of lagers had to prostrate before the procession. we can find it right where we are. Here is a
life, but he isn’t willing to do the homework. “How powerful that nobleman is!” thought poem by H.C. Jensen that teaches the same les-
Rather than complaining about people being Michihiro. “I wish I were a nobleman.” To his son.
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19. PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
Why God put me here Now that you have some helpful ideas, how
will you bring them about? What steps do you
I don’t know how to say it But somehow it need to take? What resources are necessary?
seems to me, That maybe we are stationed When will you start and when will you com-
where God wants us to be. That little place I’m plete your plan?
filling is The reason for my birth And just to do
the work I do, God sent me down to earth. Step 5. Start taking action
If God had wanted otherwise I reckon He’d
have made, Me just a little different Of a worse The most difficult part of a new plan is start-
or better grade. And since God knows and ing. Don’t allow yourself to get stalled. Simply
understands All things of land and sea, I fancy choose the simplest step you can take and do it.
that He placed me here Just where He wanted No matter how small your baby steps may be,
me. Sometimes I get to thinking As my labors each one moves you closer to your goal. Also,
I review, That I should like a higher plane With you will find that as you repeatedly take baby
greater things to do. But I come to the conclu- steps, you will pick up momentum and baby
sion when the envying is stilled, That the post steps will gradually grow into giant steps, until,
add to life, to
e are here to
to which God sent me Is the one he wanted at last, you sprint to the finish line. The only
W ue
filled. So I plod along and struggle In the hope thing separating us from where we are to where it in our uniq
contribute to a
here to make
when day is through, That I’m really necessary we can be is action. So, act now.
way. We are e the
ere to chang
To the things God wants to do. And there isn’t
any service I can give which I should scorn, difference; h er
king it a bett
world by ma
Step 6. Follow through
For it may be just the reason God allowed that
o here to cel-
e. We are als
I be born. A good plan isn’t enough. We have to follow
plac
it through to completion if we wish to succeed.
are in and
In fact, the original meaning of SUCCEED is ebrate life, sh
.
spread its joy
Step 2. Listen to your inner voice
to MAKE THE NEXT MOVE, or follow
Attending school isn’t helpful if you refuse to through. Here’s what a very successful woman
listen to the teacher. After all, the first stage of has to say about follow through, “Those who
learning is listening. All of us get bright ideas are blessed with the most talent don’t necessar-
and good intentions, but most of the time they ily outperform everyone else. It’s the people
are set aside, and later forgotten, making them with follow-through who excel.” Mary Kay
worthless. We need to listen to these urgings Ash (1918 ~ 2001). And Sir Walter Scott (1771
because it is life’s way of showing us what can ~ 1832) cut my seven step plan to just two:
be. Accepting and appreciating what we have “Think things through - then follow through.”
should not be mistaken for passivity. Just
because we are happy with our present situa- Step 7. Discover who, what and why
tion doesn’t mean it cannot improve. Life is you are by the actions you take
synonymous with change and evolution. It is
always stretching, reaching out, trying to Who, what, or why we are here has nothing
become more today than it was yesterday. We to do with our occupation, which is just one of
can either join in the call of life and march for- many ways we express ourselves. It is not what he is gone.” or will they say, “Good riddance!”
ward, or we can sit by the wayside as mere job we have that counts, but what kind of father Can you see how we discover who and what
spectators. or mother, son or daughter, wife or husband, we are by listening to the promptings of our
friend, relative, neighbor, employer, worker, inner voice and following through? As we
Step 3. Write down your bright ideas coworker, or citizen that I am. In a word, it is awaken to our power, we discover why we are
and good intentions as they occur not what I DO but what I AM that defines me. here as well. We are here to add to life, to con-
Reworded, it is not my position, but my dispo- tribute to it in our unique way. We are here to
There is magic in the written word. By jot- sition that counts. Am I generous or selfish, make a difference; here to change the world by
ting down our ideas we transform intangible caring or cold, helpful or troublesome, encour- making it a better place. We are also here to
thoughts into something concrete. Once we aging or demeaning, cheerful or grumpy, arro- celebrate life, share in and spread its joy. The
write them down, we can refer to them again gant or modest, resentful or forgiving, truthful two great personal moments in our lives are the
and again, clarifying and building on them. or dishonest, demanding or understanding, moment we were born and the moment we dis-
patient or hot-headed, courteous or rude, gentle covered why (we were born).
Step 4. Change your ideas into an or cruel, moody or even-tempered, aggressive Chuck Gallozzi Toronto, Canada
action plan or friendly, thoughtful or thoughtless? In other Email: chuck.gallozzi@rogers.com
words, when I die, will others say, “I’m sorry http://www.personaldevelopment.com/chuck
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20. RANKINGS
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21. T
RANKI NAL
P E R S ON G S D E V E L O P M E N T
his year marks the publication of
the 11th annual Financial Times
survey of non-degree executive
education programmes. The survey
includes three business school rankings: of
schools which offer open enrolment pro-
grammes, those offering customised pro-
grammes and a combined table featuring
schools ranked for both.
Perhaps the most difficult question of all
for MBA students is where they will work
on graduation. “If there’s a global market in
automobiles there is no reason why there
shouldn’t be a global market in talent as
well,” Joe Thomas, dean of the Johnson
school at Cornell University, USA,
remarked.
“We will have to rethink the basis of
finance. We will need to understand how to
adjust globalisation to a more regulated
world. We need to give our students more
insights into what the new role of business
in society will be and how business has to
take the rest of society more into account in
its strategies.” Professor De Meyer said.
Open programmes are open to employees
from any company or organisation. Those
included here last for at least three days. The data collected is used to assess the first 11 criteria on the table.
Customised programmes are tailor-made These make up 80 per cent of the school’s final score. The other five cri-
for organisations that want to offer specific
training to employees. This year 60 schools
teria in the customised ranking are compiled using the statistical data
participated in the open stream and 78 in supplied by the business schools. More than 5,600 senior and general
the customised stream. To be eligible, a participants replied to the survey in 2009
school must have had income of at least $2
million from the programme type during
the previous year.
weightings. In descending order these are: customised ranking are compiled using the
For the customised ranking, business statistical data supplied by the business
schools are asked for details of a number of • Strategic: Designed to determine and influ- schools. The open enrolment ranking is also
top clients, who are invited to complete an ence the strategy of the company; calculated using data gathered from two
• General: Delivered to management on opera-
online survey (primary survey). They can types of surveys: an online questionnaire
tional aspects of the company;
also give feedback about a second school completed by programme participants and a
• Functional: Relating to a specific function –
they have used in the past 12 months (sec- survey of data supplied by participating
for example, marketing.
ondary survey). This ranking is compiled schools.
using data from two sets of surveys; one is Different weightings are also assigned to Online questionnaires are distributed in
completed by the clients and the other by questionnaires according to the seniority of English, French, Spanish and Italian to two
the business schools. the person responsible for specifying the groups of participants: those who took part
Surveys are distributed in English, programme, the size of the company, and in senior management programmes, and
French, German, Italian, Spanish, Por- the number of business schools the client those who participated in general-level
tuguese and Mandarin. Clients are asked to has used for customised programmes. management programmes.
rate aspects of the programme on a 1 to 10- In total, 838 business school clients com- More than 5,600 senior and general par-
point scale: 1 is “poor” and 10 is “excel- pleted the survey. The data collected is used ticipants replied to the survey in 2009. After
lent”. Furthermore, the Financial Times to assess the first 11 criteria on the table. the online questionnaire closes, data gath-
defines three categories of customised pro- These make up 80 per cent of the school’s ered from the senior and general level par-
grammes, which are assigned different final score. The other five criteria in the ticipants are collated. Calculations for the
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22. RANKINGS
two data sets are completed separately and edge the perception that their MBA gradu-
the results are then combined using a 50/50 ates are seen as part of the problem. “It’s a
weighting. These results are used to com- bit superficial but it is there,” says Michael
pile the first 10 criteria of the open ranking Osbaldeston, director of Cranfield School
and account for 80 per cent of the school’s of Management in the UK. “Yes, business
final score. The data from the business schools will be blamed for some of the
school are used to calculate the other six excesses that we have recently observed
criteria. For both rankings, calculations for and for some of the mistakes made by busi-
the first section of the table include data ness leaders,” says Arnoud de Meyer, direc-
(collected from participants or clients) from tor of the Judge Business School at the
previous years, where applicable. The Cambridge University, England. “We prob-
weightings are 55:45 if a school has partic- ably deserve some of that blame.”
ipated for two years. If they have taken part Luis Palencia, associate dean for the
for three years, the weighting is: 40:33:27. MBA at Iese Business School in Spain
agrees. “I believe by omission we are
To create the final rankings, results from responsible.” One of the undoubted ironies
the various calculations are converted into is the effect the financial crisis has had on
Z-scores. These take into account the differ-
ences between each business school and the
distribution of scores between the highest
and lowest scorers.
The schools’ Z-scores for each of the cri-
teria are then weighted. The weightings for
the first section of the table are determined
by the level of importance that respondents
attach to each criterion. The weightings
applied in the second section (statistical The weightings for the first section of the table are determined by the
data collected from the schools) are decided level of importance that respondents attach to each criterion. The
by the Financial Times.
The sum of the weighted Z-scores deter-
weightings applied in the second section (statistical data collected
mines a school’s overall position. The rank- from the schools) are decided by Financial Times
ing is calculated on the basis of the average
Z-score for schools that appear in both
rankings.
The replacement of the MBA graduate by
the younger lawyer in some way reflects
one of their recent concerns: the perception
of business among those in their 20s –
potential MBA applicants. US business
schools have been reporting for the past the business school funding model. of their income from short non-degree pro-
five years that these students “generation In November last year, Harvard Universi- grammes there are clear signs that corpora-
Y” are increasingly focused on manage- ty President Drew Gilpin Faust issued a tions will no longer support this expense.
ment rather than business. statement that sent a chill through every Figures circulating in the industry suggest
They are eschewing the 80-hour working university in the US. “We need to be pre- business has already declined by between
week of the investment banker or manage- pared to absorb unprecedented endowment 15 and 20 per cent, particularly in open
ment consultant for more time with their losses and plan for a period of greater finan- enrolment programmes.
families and more socially rewarding jobs cial constraint,” she wrote. The problems for US schools do not stop
in not-for-profit companies or government. The devaluation of endowments is one of there. The credit crunch has affected both
Business school professors are worried the three financial pitfalls for business schools, scholarships and student loans, says Larry
suspicions that surrounded big business fol- particularly those in the US. Schools also Mueller, director of financial aid at the Dar-
lowing the Enron and Worldcom bankrupt- face a reduction in the annual fund – the den School of Business at the University of
cy listings in 2001 and 2002 have been money students and alumni give to help in Virginia.
exacerbated by the credit crunch and finan- the day-to-day running of the school. These A sharp drop in endowment income
cial crises of the past year. gifts often count for between 10 and 15 per means a sharp drop in money for scholar-
Though most business schools plead cent of the operating budget. ships. Mr Mueller says the school is contin-
innocence over the crisis, they acknowl- And for schools that earn large amounts uing to put money behind its scholarship
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