Rise of the Totalitarian Government, Dictators of Europe, Italy, Spain and Germany

1. Quiz Ch 23
1. Policy that regulate stock market
2. Informal talk to the public explaining the programs
3. Policy that gave retirement funds to the elders
4. 32nd
President
5. Name the three goal of the New Deal
6. Gave 18-25 young men jobs to eliminate Dust Bowl
7. Experts cabinets known as
8. Gave farmers money to underplant and slaughter
animals to increase prices of production
9. Policy that created cheap electricity to the 7 states
10. Policy that insured savings of the people

2. Rise of DictatoRs
Chapter 24

3. Totalitarian Government
Government maintains
complete control over its
citizens.

4. Soviet Union (USSR/Russia)
• Assassinated Monarchy (Romanovs) –Assassinated Monarchy (Romanovs) –
led to revolutionled to revolution
• 1924, V.I. Lenin dies1924, V.I. Lenin dies
• Joseph Stalin
Communist party.
• Five Year plan
– All economic activity
under state
– Abolished private
ownership and made
collectives farms
– Individuals have no
rights

5. • By 1937, Worlds 2nd largest industrial
power, to the U.S.
– But at the cost of enormous human life.But at the cost of enormous human life.
– The Purge = “or eliminated
anyone who threatened his
power” Historians estimate that StalinHistorians estimate that Stalin
was responsible for the deaths of 8-13was responsible for the deaths of 8-13
million people, millions more by famine.million people, millions more by famine.
– Individuals have no rights, and government
suppresses all opposition.

7. Italy
• Benito Mussolini
– Fascist State
– Power must rest
with a single
strong leader and
small group of
devoted party
members.
– Absolute obedience to
the state
Italy wants peace,
work, and calm. I will
give these things with
love if possible, with
force if necessary.

8. • Italy Wants to build
empire in Africa
– Mussolini ordered
massive invasion in
Ethiopia
– No match for Italy’s
planes and tanks
– League condemn
attack BUT did
NOTHING
Haile Selassie (African
leader)
“It is us today. It will be
you tomorrow.”

9. Japan
• Emperor Hirohito
– Figure head
• General Hideki
Tojo
– Prime Minister
– Military Leader
– Establish
Militarism

10. • Wanted Pacific
Empire
– Want more space
– Want more raw
materials
– Want more
market

11. • To ease tension in
Pacific
– US called meeting and
passed
• Five Power Treaty
– Banned construction of
large warships
» Japan build smaller
warships
• Four Power Treaty
– Respect territorial
rights
• Nine Power Treaty
– Accept Open Door
Policy

12. • Kellogg-
Briand Pact
– Outlaw war
EXCEPT self-
defense

13. The Manchurian Incident 1931
• The Japanese blew up the
train that carried
Japanese ambassadors
• Claiming Chinese
sabotage of a railway, the
Japanese army occupied
Manchuria.
• League ask US for help-
US refused
– League did nothing
• They renamed it Manchukuo and put
the deposed Chinese Emperor Pu Yi up
as a figure head.

14. Gradual Japanese advances.
• The Japanese army gradually crept
Southward, through China, fighting all the
way.
Japanese soldiers ‘conquer’ the Great Wall
1933

15. Marco Polo Bridge (July 1937)
• Japanese army clashed with the Chinese at the gates of
Beijing
• Led to full-scale warfare
• League did nothing

16. Rape of Nanking (Dec 1937)
• Six weeks campaign of
terror
• Known as “Forgotten
Holocaust”
• 80,000 women and girls were
raped, mutilated or murdered
• Used for bayonet practice,
• Decapitated in beheading
contests
• Burned to death
• Machine gun in thousand
• Tortured, buried alive
• Medical experiments
• Unborn babies hacked out of
womb or bayonet for sport
• League did nothing

17. United States in Depression
Dawes Plan
– Giving economic
aid to Germany
– Halted when
Depression hit

18. Depression hit the world

19. GermanyGermany
• Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

20. • Has talent as an
orator
• Became their leader
• Created the symbol
Swastika
Nazi Party

21. Munich Beer Hall
• October 30, 1923
• Hitler held a rally
and declared
revolution
• Led 2000 men in take over of Bavarian
Government

22. Mein Kampf
• My Struggle”
– German’s as master
race
– Other race inferior –
need to destroy (Jews,
Slavs, gypsies, homos)
– Need dictatorship to
rule
– Germany need
Lebernsraum (living
space)
– Treaty of Versailles
was unfair
–Sold 5 million copies and became rich

23. Germany in Depression
• Hitler talked about
bringing glory back to
the “Fatherland”
• Constantly blamed Jews for Germany’s
problems,
• Used popularity to
seize power legally
• Nazi Party:
– 1930 = 18% of vote
– 1932 = 30% of vote
– Hitler becomes
Chancellor in 1933

24. Dictator (Fuhrer)
• “Reichstag fire”
(parliament
building) gives
Hitler total power
• People’s civil rights
were suspended
• Created secret
police – Gestapo
• Numbered almost 400,000 by
1932

25. Absolute Power
• German
economy was
improving,
people were
happy
• Began
rearming
German Army

26. • Finish Web (Great
Depression)
• Finish CH 23 Sec 1
• Start CH 24 Sec 1