1. A. Bacson-Hoabinh Culture
Hoabinh Bacson term used since the
1920s, namely to show that a point of
making stone tools with features typical
trimmed on one or two-sided surface.
The area where the discovery of
cultural heritage-Hoabinh Bacson found
throughout Southeast Asia, to Myanmar
(Burma) in the west and north to the
southern provinces and the period
between 18 000 and 3000 years ago.
Characteristic of stone tool-Hoabinh
Bacson culture is flakiness in one or two
sides of the stone surface more or less
the size of a fist, and often all a part of
sharp edges. Anam found in groups of
skulls lined with skulls Melanesoid
Australoid group, for example in Goa
Lang-Koa and Hoabinh.
The results of culture-Hoabinh Bacson
can be found in Siam, Laos, Malay
Peninsula, and Indonesia.

3. Meanwhile, in Vietnam, found places
where the manufacture of stone
tools, stone tools kind of culture-Hoabinh
Bacson. Even in the Cave of XOM TRAI
found stone tools that have been honed
to sharp edges. In the region of
Indonesia, the stone tools of the culture-
Hoabinh Bacson can be found in
Sumatra, Java, Nusa
Tenggara, Kalimantan, Sulawesi to Papua.
Bacson located in mountainous
areas, while Hoabinh are in the lowlands.
Both are around the Gulf of Tonkin.
Civilization is a civilization Mesolithikum
initially, their tool is the famous Pebble
(ax Sumatra). Further development of
the civilization of the Age
Neolithikum, by means of a square ax and
hatchet shaped. And supporters of the
human race Melanesoide Papua. The
spread of rectangular axes, through
Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Indonesia and
the western part of the human
Austronesian Malay supporters.

5. Map of the spread of a hatchet
shaped spread through
Taiwan, Filipinos and eastern
Indonesia with human Melanesoide
supporters. Initially the Bacson-
Hoabinh just use the simple tools of
pottery fragments of stone but in the
year 600 BC experienced in the form
of rocks that resembles an ax that
serves as a cutting tool. There is an
oval shape, square, triangle, and there
is a shaped waist. Also found tools
flakes, ground stone of various
sizes, tools from the bones and
remains of human bones buried in the
folded position and sprinkled with red
dye. Found in excavations in the
limestone mountains in northern
Vietnam, which is in the mountains
Bacson Hoabinh.

7. In Tonkin stayed two kinds of
people, namely Papua Melanosoid and
Europaeide. In addition there are
types of Mongoloid and Australoid.
1. Papua Melanosoid nation, is the
nation's most extensive area
of ​distribution, including Rear
Indies, Indonesia to the islands in the
Pacific Ocean. This nation has
a culture that has not been on the
grind Mesolitikum (pebbles).
2. Mongoloid nation, a nation that has a
higher culture, that proto-Neolithic
(already sharpened).
3. Austronesian people, a mixture of
peoples and Europaeide Melanesoid.
In the Neolithic peoples are
scattered throughout the
Indonesian archipelago
Bacson-culture that developed in
Seenanjung Hoabinh Malays brought
by the Melanesoid, blacks who came
from South China, but in contrast to
Africa.

9. The arrival of a group of people
who bring cultural Melanesoid
Hoabinh Bacson-divided into two
waves. The first wave consists of
those who was short and very
dark skin. They held a polishing
technique. While the two groups
made ​up of people who boned
taller, whiter skin, and wavy hair.
They are assessed as a maker new
hatchets type of tool that is
obtained by cutting an ax contains
two parts sharp and polish it.
They also use a lot of shells and
bones, and pottery are made
familiar with taknik basket.
Bacson culture then spread
throughout the peninsula,
especially the Malay Peninsula
(Goa Saber, Kelantan, and the
Mount Kintamani, Pahang).

11. B. Dong Son culture
Manufacture of bronze in the area of North
Vietnam began around 2500 BC and
attributed to cultural stages Dong Dau and
Go Mun. But keep in mind that bronze
objects that had existed before the year
500 BC consists of a funnel and the tip of
the spear ax, sickle bercorong, stemmed
spearheads, arrowheads and other small
objects. The discovery of objects of Dong
Son culture is very important because
metal objects found in the region of
Indonesia in general character of Dong Son.
Culture of Dong Son bronze style is
widespread in Southeast Asia and the
islands of Indonesia. Dong Son culture is
very big influence on the development of
bronze in Indonesia. In fact no less than 56
nekara have been found in several parts of
Indonesia and most nekara found in
Sumatra, Java, and the southern Moluccas.
Based on the findings, the experts
concluded that it is unlikely that nekara
nekara-made

13. Manufacture of bronze in the area of North
Vietnam began around 2500 BC and
attributed to cultural stages Dong Dau and
Go Mun. But keep in mind that bronze
objects that had existed before the year
500 BC consists of a funnel and the tip of
the spear ax, sickle bercorong, stemmed
spearheads, arrowheads and other small
objects. The discovery of objects of Dong
Son culture is very important because
metal objects found in the region of
Indonesia in general character of Dong Son.
Culture of Dong Son bronze style is
widespread in Southeast Asia and the
islands of Indonesia. Dong Son culture is
very big influence on the development of
bronze in Indonesia. In fact no less than 56
nekara have been found in several parts of
Indonesia and most nekara found in
Sumatra, Java, and the southern Moluccas.
Based on the findings, the experts
concluded that it is unlikely that nekara
nekara-made

15. the community in areas where its
discovery. Therefore, in terms of
style and content of the leads are
quite high so-nekara nekara those
found in Indonesia is estimated to be
made in China. Interesting observation
from Berner nekara Kempers shows
that all those found to the east of Bali
has four statues of frogs in the field
pukulnya. Dong Son, the one contained
in the Indochina region (Vietnam), the
ancestral home bronze culture that
developed in Southeast Asia, so that
the bronze culture in Southeast Asia
called the Dong Son culture, this
culture is the nation advocates Deutro
Malay (Melayu Muda) are spread in
Indonesia, in about 500 BC. In addition
to the material culture, they also know
other cultures, such as
farming, making the boat
bercadik, astronomy and the trust
that is animism and dynamism. Dong
Son culture developed rapidly around
the 5th century BC and to-2.

17. Dong Son archaeological objects is
varied, indicating the existence of
various influences and streams. Main
characteristic of objects the Dong
Son culture is always adorned with
geometric shapes, braids, shading,
and spiral. The main work of Dong Son
is nekara, which when viewed from
the form to show the strong influence
of Chinese culture. Dong Son culture
in Indonesia is realized through a
variety of bronze culture results,
nekara, and iron tools. In Indonesia
nekara found in Selayar, South
Sulawesi. In Bali found that the
largest nekara Pejeng area. Nekara
equipment offering ceremony is
conducted prehistoric societies,
which are included in the decoration
of nekara system and cultural life at
that time. Moko (a type of nekara a
smaller form) is found on the island
of Alor. This suggests that the
culture of Indonesia is one part of
the bronze culture in Southeast Asia.

19. Important Nekara found in Indonesia is
nekara Makalaman of Sumbawa Island
Sangeang close with a decorative pictures
of people in uniform like clothing dianasti
Han (Chinese) / Kushan (North India) /
Satavahana (Central India). For Indonesia
discovery of Dong Son culture is very
important. This is because metal objects
found in the region of Indonesia in
general character of Dong Son culture is
not influenced by the metal from China
and India. It is seen from the common
pattern of decoration materials digunkan.
Example: Type Nekara Heger nekara I
have in common with the best and oldest
in Vietnam, where nekara has horizontal
rows of pictorial decoration composed of
human, animal and geometric patterns.
From the discovery of Dong Son culture
is known how to make candles using
printing techniques. This period there has
been exchange and trade between
communities with the tools of bronze
vessels.

21. Dong Son culture to the West to
Indonesia through the Malay
Peninsula. Carriers of this culture is
Austronesian peoples. Opinion on the
Dong Son culture, through the
Indonesian archipelago is divided into
two stages:
- Age Neolithikum, lasted
approximately from 2000 BC, a time
of slate, culture era of rectangular
axes
- Bronze Age, around since 500 BC, a
culture ax shoes, nekara, and
candrasa.
The spread of the Dong Son culture in
Indonesia led to the division of
culture into two, namely: Old Malay
Culture (Proto Malay) in the Dayak
Outback. Young Malay culture
(Deutero Malay) in the Bali Aga, and
Lombok

23. C. Sa Huynh culture
Sa Huynh culture is known until now
mostly comes from the discovery of
the tomb is the burial jars and
customs that may be brought by the
Cham people first Indonesian
archipelago. Sa Huynh findings
contained in the coastal region from
central Vietnam to the south to the
valley of the Mekong River delta.
Culture in the form of jars found in
tomb of Sa Huynh include the
pottery-pottery have been found that
have decorative lines and areas are
filled with banks of shells theme. Sa
Huynh culture were found covering a
variety of tools that stemmed funnel
like a shovel, and ax tembilang. But
there is no bercorong like sickle,
knife-stemmed, woven coil, spiral-
shaped rings and bracelets.

25. Sa-Huynh culture is the developer
Kalanay pottery tradition in Indonesia
(750 BC -200 AD). Saltynh is a small
place on the coast of Vietnam, while
Kalanay located diPhilipina. Pottery in
Indonesia has been known since the
time of planting or Neolithikum.
Pottery as a preparation of the grave, a
kind of bowl (large bawl) is placed just
above the body in prehistoric burial
sites Plawangan. Among the sites
containing prehistoric pottery, there is
a neolithic sites and include most of
the site entrance perundagian
(paleometalic). Sa Huynh cultural
development in Indonesia through
channels such as:
- Through the land: Thailand and
Malaysia continue to Indonesia
Islands
- By sea: to cross the sea and on to
Indonesia Islands

27. Bronze objects found in the Sa Huynh
of some jewelry, like bracelets, bells,
and small vessels. It was also found
that the gold beads and silver wire and
a rare glass beads of agate stone
stripes and a variety of Carnelian beads
(round, cigar-shaped). Found the tools
of bronze as a small vessel, other than
that there are rings and jewelry.
According to research Solheim, the
tradition of pottery in Indonesia under
the influence of the tradition of
pottery in Southeast Asia, the
tradition of pottery-Kalanay Sa Huynh
and Bau-Malay tradition. Sa Huynh-
Kalanay tradition mainly developed in
the Sa-Huynh (Vietnam) and Kalanay
(Philippines), while Bau-Malay tradition
mainly developed in East Malaysia, the
Philippines, South China, North
Vietnam, Taiwan, and Indonesia.

29. Sa Huynh civilization in Vietnam from
the beach end of the Age of Metal. Sa
Huynh is a coastal village located in the
South of Da Nang, Thua Thein between
Dong Nai River and Delta in Quang Nam
Province. In 1909, about 200 graves
found in jars at Sa Huynh. Carbon tests
show that the Sa Huynh culture are on
the same day with the Dong Son
culture, which is about the first century
BC. Indonesia's tradition of pottery-
making developed in the Age of
Mesolithikum. At this time the tradition
of pottery-making developed into a
complex, namely, the complex of West
Java, with spreading in Anyer
(Bantam), Leuwiliang (Bogor), Kramat
Jati Jakarta), and Rengasdengklok
(Krawang); Complex of South Sulawesi
(Kalumpang) and Complex Bali
(Gilimanuk).

31. Proponents of Sa Huynh culture also
has a high skill in the field with the
culture of craft jewelry and
carvings made ​of glass stones.
Archeologists also see that the iron
has also been used by the occupation
of Sa Huynh when neighboring Dong
Son culture still using bronze. At
that time, the people buried in the
burial. In addition to containing the
corpse, the grave also contained
tools made ​of metal and jewelry
made from Agat and jasper. On one
grave, the excavation team found
3,000 small objects made ​of various
materials, such as: glass, gold, and
Agat which is the largest collection
in the same kind in Southeast Asia.
The discovery of the rice cooker
indicates that its inhabitants are
able to farm the fields.