1. General Carbon Newsletter
MONTHLY CARBON NEWSLETTER MAY 2011, ISSUE:04
Point of View
PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS
The issuance of CERs was fairly
Unlike the past where people were optimistic of an high in April 2011, at 29.1mn.
outcome from the COP meetings (like Copenhagen and
Cancun), there seems to be a unanimous feeling that no Togo entered into CDM with its
legally binding agreement is possible in Durban. A first project “Togo Compact
voluntary accord is something that the carbon market is Fluorescent Lamp (CFL)
learning to live with, and will have to for some time to distribution project”.
come. The events at Fukushima have increased the
focus on fossil fuel as a source of power while also Along with Gambia, Burkina
bringing some attention on renewable energy. However, Faso, and Senegal, Togo is
the ability of the unfortunate events to catalyze the already participating in the multi-
country POA “Promoting Efficient
development of a credible climate policy has been
Stove Dissemination and Use in
minimal.
West Africa”.
The CDM Executive Board met in Bangkok in April, 4 new POAs entered the CDM
where two new DOEs were approved: Carbon Check, pipeline.
which will be the first DOE from Africa, and KBS
Certification, from India. More feedback and dialogue on Five new small-scale approved
REDD+, which includes IETA publications on the CDM methodologies and an
opportunity, were published during the month. Afforestation / Reforestation
methodology have been added to
Domestic schemes are on the anvil in key developing the CDM system.
markets such as China, which has announced plans for
an energy intensity improvement scheme with targets of
VCS VER PRICE WATCH
16% on average by 2015. The PAT scheme by the Indian
Bureau of Energy Efficiency is also heading towards India, China:
implementation with final approvals underway. South Renewables, EE
Africa is awaiting parliamentary approval for introducing a Pre 2008 vintages
comprehensive carbon tax by mid 2012. US$ 0.50- 1.00
Post 2008 vintages
US$ 1.00-2.75
Best,
Renewables, EE- Pre CDM
Satish Kashyap Pre 2008 vintages
US$ 0.50-2.00
Post 2008 vintages
US$ 2.00-3.50
Industrial gases, others
Pre 2008 vintages
US$ 0.25-0.50
Post 2008 vintages
US$ 0.50-1.00

2. Rest of Asia, Africa:
Renewables, EE
Pre 2008 vintages
US$ 1.00-2.00
Aviation Sector – Preparing for Emission Post 2008 vintages
Reduction US$ 2.00-4.00
Renewables, EE- Pre CDM
Pre 2008 vintages
EU emissions from aviation have almost doubled since US$ 1.50-3.00
1990. It is estimated that a passenger flying from Post 2008 vintages
Brussels to New York and back in economy class US$ 2.00-5.00
generates ~800 kg of CO2. Aviation represents around
10% of greenhouse gas emissions covered by the EU Industrial gases, others
ETS. The EU has decided to impose a cap on CO 2 Pre 2008 vintages
emissions from flights operating to and from EU airports, US$ 0.25-1.00
from the start of 2012. About 4,000 aircraft operators Post 2008 vintages
US$ 0.50-1.00
arriving and departing from the EU will be covered by the
next phase of the EU ETS. Like industrial installations,
airlines will receive tradable allowances covering a
certain level of CO2 emissions from their flights per year. CDM EB NEWS
The historical aviation emissions of 219,476,343 tonnes EB calls for public inputs on
CO2 represent the average of the estimated annual water purification methodology
emissions for 2004, 2005 and 2006. The number of AMS-III.AV
aviation allowances to be created in 2012 amounts to
212,892,052 tonnes of CO2, which would generate an Transitional Committee meets for
offset demand of 70 - 90 million offsets according to our the first time for the design of the
analysis. 82% of the allowances will be given to aircraft Green Climate Fund.
operators while 15% of the CO2 allowances will be
allocated by auctioning. The remaining 3% will be Amendments in "Guidelines for
demonstrating additionality of
allocated to a special reserve for later distribution to fast
microscale project activities" -
growing airlines and new entrants into the market. By
Inclusion of Type III project
September 2011 the Commission will publish a decision activities; the cap for each
specifying the allocation of aviation allowances, as well subsystem for "distributed energy
as the benchmark to be used for allocation of allowances generation" project activity is
to aircraft operators free of charge. increased from 750kW to
1500kW.
European Aviation Allowances (EUAAs) will be priced
somewhere between UN carbon credits and EU
allowances (EUAs). Around 4,000 airlines will be forced
to buy EUAAs at prices between €16 and €22 next year, OTHER CARBON NEWS
when all airlines touching down or taking off in the EU will
have their emissions capped. Various analysts have Japan greenhouse gas
projected prices to rise to as high as €25 by 2020.
emissions hit record low in
2009/10
CDM board accredits Africa’s
first auditor
World Bank raises $154 million
from selling CERs
Major polluters say 2011 climate

3. deal "not doable"
Estonia issues first EUAs in two
Tokyo Cap And Trade Program by Tokyo years
Metropolitan Government
States, Utilities Ask EPA to
The mandatory Cap And Trade (CAT) scheme launched
by the Tokyo metropolitan government in early 2010 is Boost Regional Cap-And-Trade
Asia’s first CAT scheme. Plans
Tokyo envisions reducing GHG emissions by 25% from China Transacts First Panda
2000 levels by 2020.
Standard VERs
Entities covered are 1400 offices, commercial building and
factories that consumer over 1500 Kilo liters of energy in Indonesia’s Yudhoyono promises
crude oil equivalent. incentives to develop degraded
In the first phase of this scheme, from years 2010 to 2014, land
the entities are required to cut CO2 emissions by either 6%
from base-year levels that are calculated from average Business Roundtable Urges EPA
emissions over a period of three consecutive years to Drop Its U.S. Greenhouse-
between fiscal 2002 and 2007.
Gas Regulations
In the second phase, from 2015 to 2019, these entities
have to further cut emissions by 17% from their base-year Russia Says It Won’t Be Forced
levels. by the UN to Fund Poor-Nation
Climate Aid
In phase 1, allowances are given out to the entities for 5
years, based on their historic emissions.
Samsung Group to spend $7
Further, emission reduction targets can be met by their billion to build green energy
own efforts including implementation of energy-saving
complex
equipment and processes, or purchase emissions credits
from other entities that have reduced CO2 emissions more
than obligated levels. Trade shifts help rich meet
climate goals: study
The entities can also buy emission credits from small- and
medium-sized companies in Tokyo and their branch offices
Australian carbon scheme faces
outside the capital, which are not obligated to cut their
emissions, but participate in GHG reduction projects. growing opposition
Power generators that issue renewable energy certificates Fiji to install first geothermal
can be also purchased by the targeted entities to offset
station
their emissions.
Credits issued outside of Tokyo cannot exceed a third of Bilateral relations Indonesia,
the emission cuts required of participating entities. China to cooperate in developing
renewable energy
If the entities fail to comply, the government could impose
a further 1.3 times the amount of CO2 they failed to reduce
in the first phase, apart from monetary fines.

4. EDITORS
Vinodini Chitrakaran,
vinodini.c@general-carbon.com
Rameez Shaikh,
rameez.shaikh@general-
carbon.com
GERERAL CARBON PTE LTD
16 RAFFLES QUAY, #33-03 HONG
LEONG BUILDING,
SINGAPORE 048581.
This newsletter is brought to you
by General Carbon. Contact
gcnews@general-carbon.com if
you have any queries or
comments or wish to contribute
news and updates. We welcome
your suggestions and
contributions.
If you wish to unsubscribe from
this newsletter please reply to
this email with “unsubscribe” in
the subject line.
General Carbon is a leading
emission reduction consulting,
sustainability advisory and
investment firm with presence
across Singapore, India, Sri
Lanka, Thailand, Philippines,
Indonesia, South Africa, Nigeria,
Ethiopia and Kenya.