Reproductive health bill

What is RH (Reproductive Health)
Bill?
• are proposed laws in the Philippines aiming to guarantee universal
access to methods on:
Contraception
Abortion
Fertility Control
Sexual Education
Maternal Care

There are presently two bills with
the same intended goals:
• House Bill # 4244 ─ An Act Providing for a Comprehensive Policy
on Responsible Parenthood, Reproductive Health, and Population
and Development, and For Other Purposes
• Senate Bill # 2378 ─ An Act Providing For a National Policy on
Reproductive Health and Population and Development

Maternal Care
Child Health
Condoms
Birth control Pills (BCP)
Intrauterine Device (IUD)

• October 2012 - the bill was renamed and revised because of
the overwhelming opposition, especially from the Catholic
Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP)
• The bill is highly opposed by many people. Debates and rallies
against the bill by many people, particularly the Roman
Catholic Church.

Purpose
for improved quality of life through a “consistent and coherent
national population policy

Key Definitions
• Senate Bill 2378 defines the term "reproductive health care" as
follows:
Reproductive Health Care – refers to the state of complete
physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the
reproductive system and to its functions and processes. This
implies that people are able to have a satisfying and safe sex
life, that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom
to decide if, when and how often to do so, provided that these
are not against the law. This further implies that women and
men attain equal relationships in matters related to sexual
relations and reproduction.

Key Definitions
• Reproductive Rights is defined by Senate Bill 2378 as follows:
the rights of individuals and couples, to decide freely and
responsibly whether or not to have children; the number,
spacing and timing of their children; to make other decisions
concerning reproduction free of discrimination, coercion and
violence; to have the information and means to do so; and to
attain the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health.

Key Definitions
• the country will guarantee this same right to unmarried
children and teenagers, since they are "people."
• this will lead to promiscuity among the young, as they will be
granted the right to "decide if, when and how often to
reproduce".

Bill content
Sections
1. Philippine Population Density
Map. Darker areas mean more
population.
2. The basic content of the
Consolidated Reproductive
Health Bill is divided into the
following sections.
3. Title
4. Declaration of Policy
5. Guiding Principles
6. Definition of Terms
7. Midwives for Skilled
Attendance
8. Emergency Obstetric Care
9. Access to Family Planning
10. Maternal and Newborn Health
Care in Crisis Situations
11. Maternal Death Review
12. Family Planning Supplies as
Essential Medicines
13. Procurement and Distribution
of Family Planning Supplies
14. Integration of Family Planning
and Responsible Parenthood
Component in Anti-Poverty
Programs
15. Roles of Local Government in
Family Planning Programs
16. Benefits for Serious and Life-
Threatening Reproductive
Health Conditions
17. Mobile Health Care Service
18. Mandatory Age-Appropriate
Reproductive Health and
Sexuality Education
19. Additional Duty of the Local
Population Officer
20. Certificate of Compliance
21. Capability Building of Barangay
Health Workers
22. Ideal Family Size
23. Employers’ Responsibilities
24. Pro Bono Services for Indigent
Women
25. Sexual And Reproductive
Health Programs For Persons
With Disabilities (PWDs)
26. Right to Reproductive Health
Care Information
27. Implementing Mechanisms
28. Reporting Requirements
29. Congressional Oversight
Committee
30. Prohibited Acts
31. Penalties
32. Appropriations
33. Implementing Rules and
Regulations
34. Separability Clause
35. Repealing Clause
36. Effectivity

Summary of major provisions
• The bill mandates the government to “promote, without bias,
all effective natural and modern methods of family planning
that are medically safe and legal.”
• Although abortion is recognized as illegal, the bill states that
“the government shall ensure that all women needing care for
post-abortion complications shall be treated and counseled in
a humane, non-judgmental and compassionate manner.”
• The bill calls for a “multi-dimensional approach” integrates a
component of family planning and responsible parenthood
into all government anti-poverty programs.

• Under the bill, age-appropriate reproductive health and
sexuality education is required from grade five to fourth year
high school using “life-skills and other approaches.”
• The bill also mandates the Department of Labor and
Employment to guarantee the reproductive health rights of its
female employees. Companies with less than 200 workers are
required to enter into partnership with health care providers
in their area for the delivery of reproductive health services.

• Employers with more than 200 employees shall provide
reproductive health services to all employees in their own
respective health facilities. Those with less than 200 workers shall
enter into partnerships with health professionals for the delivery of
reproductive health services. Employers shall inform employees of
the availability of family planning services. They are also obliged to
monitor pregnant working employees among their workforce and
ensure they are provided paid half-day prenatal medical leaves for
each month of the pregnancy period that they are employed.
• The national government and local governments will ensure the
availability of reproductive health care services, including family
planning and prenatal care.
• Any person or public official who prohibits or restricts the delivery of
legal and medically safe reproductive health care services will be
meted penalty by imprisonment or a fine.

Summary of support
• (1) Economic studies, especially the experience in Asia,show
that rapid population growth and high fertility rates, especially
among the poor, exacerbate poverty and make it harder for
the government to address it.
• (2) Empirical studies show that poverty incidence is higher
among big families. Smaller families and wider birth intervals
could allow families to invest more in each child’s education,
health, nutrition and eventually reduce poverty and hunger at
the household level.

Summary of support
• (3) Ten to eleven maternal deaths daily could be reduced if
they had access to basic healthcare and essential minerals like
iron and calcium, according to the DOH;
• (4) Studies show that 44% of the pregnancies in the poorest
quintile are unanticipated, and among the poorest women
who would like to avoid pregnancy, at least 41% do not use
any contraceptive method because of lack of information or
access.

Summary of support
• (5) use of contraception, which the World Health Organization
has listed as essential medicines, will lower the rate of
abortions as it has done in other parts of the world, according
to the Guttmacher Institute.
• (6) An SWS survey of 2008 showed that 71% of the
respondents are in favor of the bill,
• (7) at the heart of the bill is the free choice given to people on
the use of reproductive health, enabling the people, especially
the poor to have the number of children they want and can
care for.

Summary of criticism
• (1) "The world's leading scientific experts" have resolved the
issues related to the bill and show that the "RH Bill is based on
wrong economics" as the 2003 Rand Corporation study shows
that "there is little cross-country evidence that population
growth impedes or promotes economic growth“
• (2) The bill takes away limited government funds from treating
many high priority medical and food needs and transfers them
to fund objectively harmful and deadly devices. The latest
studies in scientific journals and organizations show that the
ordinary birth control pill, and the IUD are abortifacient to
100-celled human embryos: they kill the embryonic human,
who as such are human beings equally worthy of respect,
making the bill unconstitutional.

• (3) US National Defense Consultant, Lionel Tiger, has shown
empirical evidence that contraceptives have deleterious social
effects (abortion, premarital sex, female impoverishment, fatherless
children, teenage pregnancies, and poverty).Harvard School of
Public Health scientist Edward Green observes that 'when people
think they're made safe by using condoms at least some of the time,
they actually engage in riskier sex', in the phenomenon called "risk
compensation". There is evidence for increased risk of cancer
(breast, cervical, liver)as well as significant increase of risk for heart
attack and stroke for current users of oral contraceptives. The
increased usage of contraceptives, which implies that some babies
are unwanted, will eventually lead to more abortion; the correlation
was shown in a scientific journal and acknowledged by pro-RH
leaders,

• (4) People's freedom to access contraceptives is not restricted by
any opposing law, being available in family planning NGOs, stores,
etc. The country is not a welfare state: taxpayer's money should not
be used for personal practices that are harmful and immoral; it can
be used to inform people of the harm of BCPs.
• The penal provisions constitute a violation of free choice and
conscience, and establishes religious persecution.
President Aquino stated he was not an author of the bill. He also stated
that he gives full support to a firm population policy, educating parents
to be responsible, providing contraceptives to those who ask for them,
but he refuses to promote contraceptive use. He said that his position
"is more aptly called responsible parenthood rather than reproductive
health."

Economic and demographic
premises
• The Philippines is the 39th most densely populated country,
with a density over 335 per squared kilometer
• The 2010 total fertility rate (TFR) is 3.23 births per woman,
from a TFR of 7 in 1960. (the total fertility rate for the richest
quintile of the population is 2.0, which is about one third the
TFR of the poorest quintile (5.9 children per woman). The TFR
for women with college education is 2.3, about half that of
women with only an elementary education (4.5 children per
woman)

premises
• Congressman Lagman states that the bill "recognizes the
verifiable link between a huge population and poverty.
Unbridled population growth stunts socioeconomic
development and aggravates poverty.“

premises
• The University of the Philippines' School of Economics
presented two papers in support of the bill: Population and
Poverty: the Real Score (2004), and Population, Poverty,
Politics and the Reproductive Health Bill (2008). According to
these economists "rapid population growth and high fertility
rates, especially among the poor, do exacerbate poverty and
make it harder for the government to address it," while at the
same time clarifying that it would be "extreme" to view
"population growth as the principal cause of poverty that
would justify the government resorting to draconian and
coercive measures to deal with the problem (e.g., denial of
basic services and subsidies to families with more than two
children)."

premises
• In Population and Poverty, Aniceto Orbeta, Jr, showed that
poverty incidence is higher among big families.
• Proponents argue that smaller families and wider birth
intervals resulting from the use of contraceptives allow
families to invest more in each child’s education, health,
nutrition and eventually reduce poverty and hunger at the
household level.
• At the national level, fertility reduction cuts the cost of social
services with fewer people attending school or seeking
medical care and as demand eases for housing,
transportation, jobs, water, food and other natural resources.

Maternal health and deaths
• Maternal deaths in the Philippines, according to the WHO, is
at 5.7 per day, not 10-11 deaths a day, as per the proponents
who repeated these numbers "to drive home the point.“

The proponents state that RH will mean:
• (1) Information and access to natural and modern family planning
• (2) Maternal, infant and child health and nutrition
• (3) Promotion of breast feeding
• (4) Prevention of abortion and management of post-abortion
complications
• (5) Adolescent and youth health

• (6) Prevention and management of reproductive tract infections,
HIV/AIDS and STDs
• (7) Elimination of violence against women
• (8) Counseling on sexuality and sexual and reproductive health
• (9) Treatment of breast and reproductive tract cancers
• (10) Male involvement and participation in RH;
• (11) Prevention and treatment of infertility and
• (12) RH education for the youth.

Family planning
• Unmet need
• Twenty-two percent of married Filipino women have an unmet
need for family planning services, an increase by more than one-
third since the 2003 National Demographic and Housing Survey.
• women are having more children than they desire, as seen in the
gap between desired fertility (2.5 children) and actual fertility (3.5
children), implying a significant unmet need for reproductive
health services

Family planning
• common reasons why women with unmet need in the Philippines
do not practice contraception are health concerns about
contraceptive methods, including a fear of side effects

Family Planning
• Access
• main concerns of the proponents is the perceived lack of access
to family planning devices (e.g. contraceptives and sterilization)
• The bill intends to provide universal access through government
funding

Family Planning
• Natural family planning
• Pro-life groups and the Catholic Church are in favor of NFP or
natural family planning or fertility awareness as a moral way of
regulating child births.
• abstinence during period of fertility and having sex during period
of infertility, does not abuse nor trivialize the natural processes
• By respecting sexuality, it does not "use" the spouse as an object
for mere pleasure, nor is there a directly willed prevention of
human life

Family Planning
• Natural family planning
• On the other hand, proponents contend that "natural family
planning methods have not proven to be as reliable as artificial
means of birth control.“
• Pro-life groups counter this by saying that high-level scientific
studies show that when fertility awareness is used correctly and
consistently with ongoing coaching, it is 99% effective.

Abortion
• Abortifacient issue
• According to the RH bill, one of its components is "prevention of
abortion and management of post-abortion complications.“

Abortion
• It provides that "the government shall ensure that all women
needing care for post-abortion complications shall be treated and
counseled in a humane, non-judgmental and compassionate
manner.“
• It also states that "abortion remains a crime and is punishable,"
as the Constitution declares that “the State shall equally protect
the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from
conception.”

Abortion
• Opposing the bill, the Faculty of Medicine of the catholic
University of Santo Tomas, the Philippine Nurses Association, the
Bioethics Society of the Philippines, Catholic Physicians’ Guild of
the Philippines stated that “the antiabortion stance of the bill is
contradicted by the promotion of contraceptive agents which
actually act after fertilization and are potentially abortifacient
agents.”

Abortion
• when a common birth control pill fails to prevent ovulation,
"postfertilization effects are operative to prevent clinically
recognized pregnancy.“
• the IUD brings about the "destruction of the early embryo,“ thus
is deemed to kill five-day old babies.

Contraceptives
• Morality and social effects
• contraception is evil because it desecrates sex which is
intrinsically linked to new sacred human beings, it makes spouses
lie about their total self gift to their spouse, by not surrendering
their personal fertility, and is an abuse of the function of
reproductive organs

Contraceptives
• HIV/AIDS
• The RH bill provides for "prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS
and other, STIs/STDs,
• Lagman explained that "Globally, the new number of reported
cases of HIV infections and deaths has dropped by nearly 20
percent. It is therefore both ironic and tragic that the Philippines’
trajectory is towards the other direction. Our country’s HIV/AIDS
statistics have increased by 30 percent!"

Sex Education
• the bill provides for mandatory reproductive health education
and that it be taught in "an age-appropriate manner... by
adequately trained teachers starting from Grade 5 up to
Fourth Year High School.
• Opposition to the bill is concerned about early sexualization of
the youth and say that sexuality education promoters
themselves state that it has led to more teenage pregnancies
and illegitimacy

Sex Education
• They stressed that what is needed is chastity education,
especially taught by their parents, rather than sex education in
school
• Proponents refer to the latest UNESCO study dated December
2009 which concluded that sexuality education did not
encourage early initiation into sex, but actually increased the
age at which people first engage in sexual activity

Penalties
• There is mandatory sexuality education starting grade 5, and
"malicious disinformation" is penalized.
• All health care service providers which provide reproductive
health services, including faith-based hospital administrators,
may be imprisoned or fined if they refuse to provide family
planning services such as tubal ligation and vasectomy.

Penalties
• The same may happen to employers who do not provide free
services to employees.
• Imprisonment ranges from (1) month to six (6) months or a
fine ranging from Ten Thousand Pesos (P10,000.00) to Fifty
Thousand Pesos (P50,000.00)

Financials
• Department of Health is proposing 13.7 Billion Pesos to be
fund the RH Bill if it is passed in 2012, according to Senator Pia
Cayetano.
• The Filipinos for Life issued a statement with online copies of
documents which according to TV5 News, "revealed the
following financial grants for RH lobby groups."

Financials
• $90,000 to the Reproductive Health Advocacy Network
(RHAN) for promotion, from the UN Population Fund or
UNFPA (2011);
• $6.6 million to Planned Parenthood arm Family Planning
Organization of the Philippines (FPOP) from UNFPA (2009);

Financials
• $1.6 million to FPOP from IPPF for the years 2005, 2009, and
2010;
• $1.2 million to PSPI from Marie Stopes (2009);
• $39,000 to Likhaan from Planned Parenthood (2007);
• $88,000 to FPOP in 2009 from Marie Stopes for RH kits; and
• $75,000 to “Catholics” for Choice to promote RH, from the
Wallace Global Fund (2009)

References
• The general overview of the Reproductive Health bill cites
fertility control among both men and women, the extensive
usage of contraceptive services either through artificial
methods and natural family planning, sexual education among
pre-teens and adults, as well as supplemental maternal care
for expectant mothers.
• ^ http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/300440/rh-foes-still-oppose-
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