Introduction Research Articles NPP

1. National Population Policy
PRESENTED BY: ANJALI ARORA
M.SC. NURSING -2ND YEAR
COLLEGE OF NURSING
INSTITUTE OF LIVER AND BILIARY SCIENCES

2. Name Of Evaluator: Mr. Jithin Thomas Parel
(Lecturer)

3. Population
A Population is a summation of all the organisms of the
same group or species, which live in the same
geographical area, and have the capability of
interbreeding.

4. Policy
 Set of Ideas or Plans that is used as a basis for decision
making.
 Attitude and actions of an organization regarding a particular
issue.
 General Statement of understanding which guide decision
making.

5. Stages of Policy
 Problem identification
and issue recognition
 Policy formulation
 Policy implementation
 Policy evaluation

6. Policies related to health sectors
 National health Policy
 Nutrition Policy
 Women Policy
 Training Policy
 Population Policy

7. Need for this presentation
 India with a population of more than
one billion scattered in 29 states and
7 union territories provide a unique
ground for studying population
programs management.
 There is a paradigm shift in
population management from
exclusive contraceptive delivery
to concurrent dealing of all
issues in the framework of
reproductive health.
 The steps initiated under the
influence of new philosophy may
give certain clues struggling for
betterment of their population
programs.

8. Introduction
 Demography, as understood today, Is the scientific study of human population.
 It focuses its attention on three readily observable human phenomena:
(a) changes in population size (growth or decline).
(b) the composition of the population.
(c) the distribution of population in space.

9. Introduction
 It deals with five "demographic processes
fertility Mortality Marriage Migration
social
mobility
continuously at work within a population determining size, composition and
distribution

10. Introduction
 The main sources of demographic statistics in India are:
1.Population census
National Sample Surveys
Registration of vital events
1.Demographic studies.

16. Causes of high population
growth
 A large size of population in the reproductive age group(58%).
 Higher fertility due to unmet needs of contraception (20%).
 High desire for fertility due to high infant mortality rate (20%) .
 Approximately 50 percent of the girls marry below the age of 18
years, resulting in a typical reproductive pattern of “too early, too
frequent, too many.”
 Preference for male child.
 More children are preferred by poor parents as more workforce.

22. National Population
Policy

23. Need for population policy in India
 On 11th May, 2000, India had 1.35 billion (>100 crores) people, i.e., 16 % of the
world’s population on 2.4 percent of the globe’s land area.
 If current trends continue, India may overtake China by 2045, to become the
most populous country in the world.
 Global population : ↑3 folds during this century (from 2 to 6 billion)
 Population of India : ↑nearly 5 times (from 238 million to 1 billion),
during the same period.
 Stabilizing population is an essential requirement for promoting sustainable
development with more equitable distribution.

24. Introduction
 Population policy in general refers to policies intended to decrease the
birth rate or growth rate.
 In April 1976 India formed its first - "National Population Policy". It called for
an increase in the legal minimum age of marriage from 15 to 18 for females,
and from 18 to 21 years for males.
 However, for the most part, the 1976 statement became irrelevant and the
policy was modified in 1977.

25. Before Independence
Radha Kamal Mukherjee Committee, 1940
In 1940, the Indian National Congress had appointed a committee on
population under the leadership of renowned social scientist Radha Kamal
Mukherjee to come up with suggestions to arrest increasing population of
the country. As a matter of fact, India’s population started growing rapidly
after 1921.
The committee after deliberations suggested that population can
controlled by placing emphasis on self control; creating awareness about
the cheap and safe methods of birth control; opening birth control
clinics; increasing the age of marriage; discouraging polygamy etc.

26. Contd…
Bhore Committee, 1943
Government of India in 1943 appointed a Health Survey and Development
committee under the chairmanship of Sir Joseph Bhore. This committee
had suggested ‘deliberate limitation of family’ approach as a way
for controlling population, which cannot be achieved through self
control ‘to any material extent’.

27. After Independence
In 1951, India became the first among the developing countries to
come up with a state sponsored family planning programme.
The Planning Commission which was set up in 1950 was given the
task to decide upon the contours of the family planning programme.
In 1952, a population policy committee was constituted. This
committee had recommended setting up of a Family Planning Research
and Programmes Committee. But the policies framed in 1951-52 were
ad-hoc in nature and was primarily based on self-control. So it was not
successful.

28. Contd…
In 1956, a Central Family Planning Board was established. This
board focussed much on sterilization.
But in 1960s a concrete policy on population control was not adopted
and the government was vacillating as to what would be the best
approach for controlling the population of the country.

29. Five year plans
First Five Year Plan: India was the first country in the world to
begin a population control programme in 1952. It emphasized the use
of natural devices for family planning.
Second Five Year Plan: Work was done in the direction of education
and research and the clinical approach was encouraged.
Third Five Year Plan: In 1965, the sterilization technique for both
men and women was adopted under this plan. The technique of
copper- T was also adopted. An independent department called the
Family Planning Department was set up.

30. Contd…
 Fourth Five-Year Plan: All kinds of birth control methods (conventional
and modern) were encouraged.
 Fifth Five Year Plan: NPP was announced on 16 April, 1976.
 In this policy, the minimum age for marriage determined by the Sharda Act,
1929 was increased. It increased the age for boys from 18 to 21 years and
for girls from 14 to 18 years.
 The number of MPs and MLAs was fixed till the year 2001 on the basis of the
census 1971.
 Under this Plan, forced sterilization was permitted which was later on given
up.
 In 1977, the Janata Party government changed the name of Family
Planning Department to Family Welfare Department

31. Contd….
In the Sixth, Seventh and Eighth Plans, efforts were done to
control population by determining long-term demographic aims.
 Ninth Five-Year Plan: In 1993, the government had established an
expert group under the chairmanship of M.S. Swaminathan for
formulating national population policy.
 The Central Government formulated the 'new national population
policy' in February 2000
 Tenth Five-Year Plan: Emphasises on reduction of Infant and Child
mortality rates.

32. Contd…
Eleventh Five Year Plan:- presents a comprehensive strategy for
strengthening the education sector
Twelfth Five-Year Plan:- Government of India has been decided
to achieve a growth rate of 8.2%

33. New policy statement reiterated the importance of the small family
norm without compulsion and changed the programme title to "family
welfare programme”
The National Health Policy
approved by the parliament
in 1983 had set the long
term demographic goals of
achieving a Net
Reproductive Rate (NRR)
of one by the year 2000
(which was not achieved).
"National Population
Policy 2000" is reaffirms
the commitment of the
government towards
target free approach in
administering family
planning services.
It gives informed choice
to the people to
voluntarily avail the
reproductive health care
services

34. Introduction
In 1952, India was the first country in the world to launch a national programme, emphasizing
family planning to the extent necessary for reducing birth rates "to stabilize the population at a level
consistent with the requirement of national economy“
After 1952, sharp declines in death rates were, however, not accompanied by a similar drop in
birth rates.
The National Health Policy, 1983 stated that replacement levels of total fertility rate (TFR) should
be achieved by the year 2000.

35. Introduction
On 11 May, 2000 India is projected to have 1 billion (100 crore) people, i.e. 16 percent of
the world's population on 2.4 percent of the globe's land area.
If current trends continue, India may overtake China in 2045, to become the most
populous country in the world.
While global population has increased threefold during this century, from 2 billion to 6
billion, the population of India has increased nearly five times from 238 million (23
crores) to 1 billion in the same period.
India's current annual increase in population of 15.5 million is large enough to neutralize efforts to
conserve the resource endowment and environment.

37. Historical Genesis
 The need for National Population Policy was felt since 70’s. It was drafted in
1976. Policy statement on family welfare program was also prepared in 1977.
Both these statements were tabled in the parliament but were never discussed
or adopted.
 The National Health Policy of 1983 emphasized the need for securing the small
family norm through voluntary efforts and moving towards the goal of
population stabilization.

38. Important features of national
population policy 1976
 Increase the age of marriage from 15 to 18 years for girls and from 18 to 21
years for boys.
 Freeze the population figures at the 1971 level until 2001.
 Make some portion of central assistance provided to the states dependent
upon their performance in family planning.
 Give greater attention to education of girls.
 Ensure a proper place for population education in the total system of
education.
 Involve all ministries and departments of the government in the family
planning program.

39. Important features of national
population policy 1976
 Increase the monetary compensation for sterilization.
 Institute group awards as incentives for various organizations and bodies
representing the people at local levels, including Zillah Parishad and
Panchayat Samiti.
 Encourage intimate association of voluntary organizations. Particularly
those representing women, with implementation of program.
 Impart more importance to research activities in the field of population
control.

40. Important features of national
population policy 1976
 Use mass media for motivation, particularly in rural areas, to increase the
acceptance of family planning methods.
 In 1998, a draft of National Population Policy was finalized after consultation it
was approved by the cabinet and was examined by groups of ministers.
 The draft was discussed in cabinet on 19th Nov.1999.
 The suggestions were incorporated and the final draft of National Population
Policy was placed before the parliament.
 It was adopted by the government of India on 15th Feb. 2000.

41. NATIONAL POPULATION
POLICY 2000

42. National population policy 2000
 The new NPP 2000 is more than just a matter of fertility and mortality
rates.
 It deals with
empowering
women for improved
health and nutrition
child survival
and health
collaboration
with NGOs
adolescent health
and education
increased
participation of
men
health care for
the underserved
population
groups
women
education

43. Objectives of National Population
policy 2000
The immediate objectives are:
 To address the unmet needs for contraception, health care infrastructure, and health
personnel.
 To provide integrated service delivery for basic reproductive and child health care.
The medium term objective is:
 To bring the Total Fertility Rate to replacement levels by 2010, through vigorous
implementation of Intersectoral operational strategies.
The long term objective is:
 To achieve a stable population by 2045, at a level consistent with the requirements of
sustainable socio economic growth and developments and environmental protection.

44. Goals
 Address the unmet needs for basic reproductive and child health
services, supplies and infrastructure.
 Make school education up to the age 14 free and compulsory, and reduce
drop-outs at primary and secondary school levels to below 20 per cent for both
boys and girls.
 Reduce infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 livebirths.
 Reduce maternal mortality ratio to below 100 per 100,000 live births.
 Achieve universal immunization of children against all vaccine preventable
diseases.

45. Goals
 Promote delayed marriage for girls, not earlier than age 18 and preferably
after 20 years of age.
 Achieve 80 Percent institutional deliveries and 100% deliveries by trained
persons.
 Achieve universal access to information/counselling, and services for
fertility regulation and contraception with a wide basket of choices.
 Achieve 100 percent registration of births, deaths, marriage and pregnancy

46. Goals
 Contain the spread of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), and
promote greater integration between the management of reproductive tract
infections (RTI) and sexually transmitted infections (STI) and the National
AIDS Control Organization.
 Prevent and control communicable diseases.
 Integrate Indian Systems of Medicine (ISM) in the provision of reproductive
and child health services, and in reaching out to households.
 Promote vigorously the small family norm to achieve replacement levels of
TFR.
 Bring about convergence in implementation of related social sector programmes
so that family welfare becomes a people centred programme.

48. 2001

49. 2011

53. LEGISLATION
 As a motivational measure, in order to enable state governments to fearlessly
and effectively pursue the agenda for population stabilization contained in the
National Population Policy, 2000, one legislation is considered necessary.
 It is recommended that the 42nd Constitutional Amendment that freezes till
2001, the number of seats to the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha based on
the 1971 Census be extended up to 2026.

54. PUBLIC SUPPORT
 Demonstration of strong support to the small family norm, as well as personal
example, by political, community, business, professional and religious
leaders, media and film stars, sports personalities, and opinion
makers, will enhance its acceptance throughout society.
 The government will actively enlist their support in concrete ways.

55. NEW STRUCTURES
 The NPP 2000 is to be largely implemented and managed at panchayat and
nagarpaalika levels, in coordination with the concerned state/Union Territory
administrations.
 Accordingly, the following structures are recommended:

56. National Commission on
Population
 A National Commission on Population, presided over by the Prime Minister,
will have the Chief Ministers of all states and UTs, and the Central Minister in
charge of the Department of Family Welfare and other concerned
Central Ministries and Departments,
 Department of Woman and Child Development, Department of Education,
Department of Social Justice and Empowerment in the Ministry of HRD,
Ministry of Rural Development
 This Commission will oversee and review implementation of policy.
 The Commission Secretariat will be provided by the Department of Family
Welfare.

57. State / UT Commissions on
Population
 Each state and UT may consider having a State / UT Commission on
Population, presided over by the Chief Minister, on the analogy of
the National Commission, to likewise oversee and review
implementation of the NPP 2000 in the state / UT.

58. Coordination Cell in the Planning
Commission
The Planning Commission will have a Coordination Cell for inter-
sectoral coordination between Ministries for enhancing
performance, particularly in States/UTs needing special
attention on account of adverse demographic and human
development indicators.

59. Technology Mission
 Technology Mission in the Department of Family Welfare will be established to
provide technology support in respect of design and monitoring of projects
and programmes for reproductive and child health, as well as for IEC
campaigns.

60. FUNDING
 The programmes, projects and schemes premised on the goals and
objectives of the NPP 2000, and indeed all efforts at population
stabilization, will be adequately funded in view of their critical
importance to national development.

61. Promotional and motivational measures for
adoption of the small family norm
In order to achieve the objectives and goals of the National Population
Policy, 2000 the following promotional and motivational measures are
enumerated:
 Panchayats and Zila Parishads will be rewarded and honoured for
exemplary performance in universalizing the small family norm,
achieving reduction in infant mortality and birth rates and promoting literacy
with completion of primary schooling.

62. Promotional and motivational measures for
adoption of the small family norm
 The Balika Samridhi Yojana run by the Department of Women and Child
Development, to promote survival and care of the girl child, will continue.
A cash incentive of Rs. 500 is awarded at the birth of the girl child of birth order
1 or 2.
 Maternity Benefit Scheme run by the Department of Rural Development
will continue. A cash incentive of Rs. 500 is awarded to mothers who have
their first child after 19 years of age, for birth of the first or second child only.
 Disbursement of the cash award will in future be linked to compliance with
ante-natal check up, institutional delivery by trained birth attendant,
registration of birth and BCG immunization.

63. Promotional and motivational measures for
adoption of the small family norm
 A Family Welfare-linked Health Insurance Plan will be established.
 Couples below the poverty line, who undergo sterilization with not more than
two living children, would become eligible (along with children) for health
insurance (for hospitalisation) not exceeding Rs. 5000, and a personal
accident insurance cover for the spouse undergoing sterilization.

64. Promotional and motivational measures for
adoption of the small family norm
 Couples below the poverty line, who marry after the legal age of marriage,
register the marriage, have their first child after the mother reaches the
age of 21, accept the small family norm, and adopt a terminal method
after the birth of the second child, will be rewarded.
 Crèches and child care centers will be opened in rural areas and urban
slums. This will facilitate and promote participation of women in paid
employment.

65. Promotional and motivational measures for
adoption of the small family norm
 A wider, affordable choice of contraceptives will be made accessible at
diverse delivery points, with counseling services to enable acceptors to exercise
voluntary and informed consent.
 Facilities for safe abortion will be strengthened and expanded.
 Products and services will be made affordable through innovative social
marketing schemes.
 Local entrepreneurs at village levels will be provided soft loans and encouraged
to run ambulance services to supplement the existing arrangements for
referral transportation.

66. Promotional and motivational measures for
adoption of the small family norm
 Increased vocational training schemes for girls, leading to self-employment
will be encouraged.
 Strict enforcement of Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1976.
 Strict enforcement of the Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994.
 Soft loans to ensure mobility of the ANMs will be increased.
 The 42nd Constitutional Amendment has frozen the number of representatives
in the Lok Sabha (on the basis of population) at 1971 Census levels. This
freeze needs to be extended until 2026.

76. Summary

77. Delay the first, postpone the
second and prevent the third
Conclusion

78. References
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79. Thank you