definion types complications what is fracture displacement

1. Fractures
By Shama Rani Paul

2. Definition
A fracture, also referred to as
a bone fracture, is a medical
condition where the structural
continuity of the bone is
broken and can be very
painful.

3. Causes
 Sudden trauma (Direct or Indirect)
 Stress or fatigue-repetitive stress (athletes,
dancers, army recruits)
 Pathological disorders (osteoporosis,
Paget’s Disease, bone tumor)

4.  Complete fracture - the bone snaps into two or more parts
 Incomplete fracture - the bone cracks but does not break all the
way through

7. What are the symptoms of a bone
fracture?
Signs and symptoms of a fracture include:
Swelling or bruising over a bone.
Deformity of an arm or leg.
Pain in the injured area that gets worse when the
area is moved or pressure is applied.
Loss of function in the injured area.
In compound fractures, bone protruding from the skin.

9. Fracture Displacement
Displacement of fractures is defined in terms of the
abnormal position of the distal fracture fragment in
relation to the proximal bone.
Types of fracture displacement include - angulation,
rotation, change of bone length, and loss of alignment
along its long axis.
The severity and nature of displacement are key factors
when considering fracture management.

11. Hip Fracture
 Also called as proximal femoral fracture
 Hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint
 Allows the upper leg to bend and rotate at
the pelvis.
 commonly occur from a fall or from a
direct blow to the side of the hip including
osteoporosis, stress injuries, cancer that
weakens the bone and make the hip
more susceptible to break

13. Types of Hip Fracture
 Type of fracture depends on what area of the upper
femur is involved.
1-Intracapsular Fracture
2-Intertrochanteric Fracture
3-Subtrochanteric Fracture

14. Intracapsular Fracture: These fractures occur at the
level of the neck and the head of the femur, and are
generally within the capsule and may have loss of blood
supply to the bone.
Intertrochanteric Fracture: occurs between the neck of
the femur and a lower bony prominence called the lesser
trochanter. Generally cross in the area between the
lesser trochanter and the greater trochanter and tends to
have better blood supply to the fracture pieces.
Subtrochanteric Fracture: occurs below the lesser
trochanter, in a region that is between the lesser
trochanter and an area approximately 2 1/2 inches below
and may be broken into several pieces.

15. Note on Hip Fracture
 Clinically and radiologically detects
fractures.
 common clinical signs of a shortened and
externally rotated leg may be absent if
the fracture is not displaced. In this case
the X-ray may not show an obvious
fracture. Repeat X-rays, CT or MRI may
be required if pain persists.

16. Complications of Fractures
 Stress
 Diffused
Coagulopathy
 Respiratory
Dysfunction
 Crush Syndrome
 Venous
Thrombosis &
Pulmonary
Embolism
 Fat Embolism
 Gas Gangrene
 Tetanus

17. Complications
 Blood loss – bones have a rich blood supply. A bad
break can make you lose a large amount of blood
 Injuries to organs, tissues or surrounding structures
– for example the brain can be damaged by a skull
fracture. Chest organs can be injured if a rib breaks
 Stunted growth of the bone – if a child’s long bone
breaks close to the joint where the growth plates are
found.

19. References
 http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/
173312.php
 http://www.webmd.boots.com/a-to-z-guides/
bone-fractures-types-symptoms-prevention
 http://radiologymasterclass.co.uk/tutorials/
musculoskeletal/trauma/trauma_x-ray_
page3.html
 http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?
topic=A00392
 http://www.slideshare.net/MohdHanafi1/co
mplication-of-fracture?next_slideshow=1

20. THANK YOU
…..and sorry if it was too long 