a special study course for under-graduation level.

1. Welcome To
The Presentation
On
BIO-FUEL FROM SOLID GREEN WASTE

2. COURSE NO-ME 3100
COURSE TITLE-SPECIAL STUDIES
Supervised By:
Dr. Khandkar Aftab Hossain
Professor
Department of Mechanical
Engineering
Khulna University of Engineering &
Technology
Presented By:
Md. Shariful Islam
Roll: 1205004
Section : A

3. Present Energy Condition
 Energy demand is increasing.
 Major demand is fulfilled from the conventional energy.
 Usage of fossil fuels creates environmental threads.
 Renewable energy can be a solution at this situation.
 Geo-energy, Hydroelectric, solar, wind and wave, Biomass
 Biomass is one of the promising environment friendly
renewable energy

4. Biomass
 Organic materials, derived from plants or animals sources.
 Combination of CO2, water and sunlight.
 Microorganisms and bacteria gives the constituent of biomass
 Biomass is a green house gas (GHG) emission neutral energy
source.

5. Constituents of Biomass
 Cellulose
 Hemicelluloses
 Lignin

6. Sources of Biomass
Biomass
Forest
Residue
s
Agricultu
ral
Residues
Industria
l green
Waste
Energy
Crops

7. Sources of Biomass
 Forest Residues: Cotton seed hairs, Tree branches, tops
of trunks, stumps, branches, and Leaves etc..
 Industrial green Waste: Citrus peels, sugarcane
bagasse, milling residues, olive husks.
 Agricultural Residues: Stalks and leaves, corn Stover,
wheat husk and rice straw.
 Energy Crops: Switch grass, miscanthus, bamboo,
sweet sorghum, tall fescue, kochia, wheatgrass, and
others.

8. Sources of Biomass

9. Bio-Diesel
 Biodiesel is an alternative fuel to conventional diesel.
 Produced from straight vegetable oil, animal oil/fats,
or recycled restaurant greases.
 Can be produced from Green Solid Waste.(Our
concern)

10. Why Bio-Diesel?
 Reduce dependence on foreign petroleum.
 Leverage limited supplies of fossil fuels.
 Reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
 Reduce air pollution, health risks.

11. Green Waste
 Produced from regular maintenance of gardens, parks
and agricultural field.
 Consists of all plant materials: branches, logs, leaves,
stumps, grass, sticks, and other woody materials.

12. Biomass Conversion
 Disposed in many ways: Burying in landfills, using as mulch,
composting, vermin-composting.
 Converted into useful energy sources.

13. Pyrolysis
 A thermo-chemical decomposition .
 Temperatures between 400 ° C and 1000 °C
 Absence of oxygen or other reagents.
 Produces a large number of chemical substances.

14. Types of Pyrolysis
pyrolysis
Fast
pyrolysis
Flash
pyrolysis
Slow
pyrolysis

15. Fast Pyrolysis
 Rapidly heated to a temperature around 650 ⁰C-
1,000 ⁰C .
 50–75% bio-oil, 10–30% bio-char, and 12–20% Gaseous
product.

16. Pyrolysis Principle
 Thermal decomposition of organic components.
 at 350–550 0C and goes up to 700-800 0C in the absence
of air/oxygen.
 The long chains of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
compounds in biomass break down into smaller molecules.
 Rate and amount of decomposition gases, tars and char
depends on the process parameters of the reactor.

17. Pyrolysis Process Steps

18. Characteristics of Pyrolysis Fuel &
A Comparison with Fossil Diesel

19. Application of Pyrolysis Fuel

20. Pyrolysis Economics
 Unable to compete economically with fossil fuels.
 Production cost of pyrolysis product is higher compared to
production of fossil fuel.
 The main component of pyrolysis plants are the reactor,
represents only 10%–15% of the total capital cost.
 The rest of the cost consists of biomass collection, storage and
handling, biomass cutting, dying and grinding, product
collection and storage.

21. Recommendations
 Pyrolysis is still an immature technology commercially.
 Need to overcome many technical, economic and
social barriers to compete with traditional fossil fuels.
 Proper biomass selection is also a critical issue.
 Biomass with high cellulose content could be chosen.
 Biomass with low water content is desirable.