TN SYLLABUS 12 STD

2. ELECTRIC LINES OF FORCE
 Electric field vectors are visualized by
the concept of electric field lines.
 They form a set of continuous lines
which are the visual representation of
the electric field in some region of space

3. PROPERTIES
 The electric field lines start from a
positive charge and end at negative
charges or at infinity.
 For a positive point charge the electric
field lines point radially outward and for
a negative point charge, the electric field
lines point radially inward

4. Electric field lines for isolated
positive charges

5. Electric field lines for isolated
negative charges

6.  For an isolated positive point charge the
electric field line starts from the charge
and ends only at infinity.
 For an isolated negative point charge
the electric field lines start at infinity and
end at the negative charge.

7.  The electric field vector at a point in space is
tangential to the electric field line at that point

8.  The electric field lines are denser (more
closer) in a region where the electric field
has larger magnitude and less dense in a
region where the electric field is of smaller
magnitude.
 In other words, the number of lines passing
through a given surface area perpendicular
to the lines is proportional to the magnitude
of the electric field in that region

9. Electric field has larger magnitude at
surface A than B

10.  The magnitude of the electric field for a
point charge decreases as the distance
increases(E 1/r2)
 So the electric field has greater magnitude
at the surface A than at B. Therefore, the
number of lines crossing the surface A is
greater than the number of lines crossing
the surface B.
 At surface B the electric field lines are
farther apart compared to the electric field
lines at the surface A.

11.  No two electric field lines intersect each
other. If two lines cross at a point, then there
will be two different electric field vectors at
the same point

12.  If some charge is placed in the
intersection point, then it has to move in
two different directions at the same time,
which is physically impossible.
 Hence, electric field lines do not
intersect.

13.  The number of electric field lines that
emanate from the positive charge or end
at a negative charge is directly
proportional to the magnitude of the
charges

16.  Note that the number of field lines
emanating from +q is 8 and the number
of field lines ending at -2q is 16.
 Since the magnitude of the second
charge is twice thatof the first charge,
the number of field lines drawn for -2q is
twice in number than that for charge +q.

20.  In figure (b), the number of field lines
emanating from both positive charges are
equal (N=18).
 So the charges are equal. At point A, the
electric field lines are denser compared to
the lines at point B.
 So the electric field at point A is greater in
magnitude compared to the field at point B.
 Further, no electric field line passes
through C, which implies that the resultant
electric field at C due to these two charges
is zero.