The document discusses various concepts related to computers and technology. It covers the information processing cycle of input, processing, output, and storage. It describes different input devices like keyboards, mice, scanners, and digital cameras. It discusses processing components like the processor, memory, and motherboard. Output devices covered include monitors, printers, and speakers. Storage methods like hard drives, CDs, DVDs, and flash drives are also summarized. The document then discusses computer software, networks, the internet, security issues, email etiquette, and computer ethics.

2. CONCEPTS
 The Information
Processing Cycle
 Computer Software
 Networks
 Input
CHECKPOINT 2
 Processing
 The Internet
 Output
 Security Issues
 Storage
CHECKPOINT 1
 Email Etiquette and
Computer Ethics
 System Unit Ports
CHECKPOINT 3
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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3. The Information Processing Cycle

The information processing cycle can be divided into four
segments:
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Output
4. Storage
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4. Input

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A keyboard is primarily used for typing text.
A mouse is a pointing device used to issue commands and select
text or files.
With a touchpad, you move your forefinger across the pad to
position the cursor, then use your thumb to press the button
located at the bottom of the pad.
A touch screen allows you to select
an item and input commands by
physically touching a specific area
of the monitor.
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5. Input…continued
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A scanner works like a photocopier to transfer pictures or
text into the computer.
Better detail can be achieved with a digitizing pen and
drawing tablet.
A joystick is an input device used to move objects on a
computer screen and is a common input device for
computer gaming.
A digital camera captures images in a digital format and
often contains an output device for viewing those images.
A webcam is a digital camera that can be controlled
remotely over the Internet.
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6. Input…continued
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With a microphone you can add a “sound bite” to a
computerized slide presentation or speak to a friend over the
Internet.
A bar code reader scans a UPC, and resulting input
can be used to check a patient’s identity and
medication requirements.
Flash drives are small, easy-to-handle, portable
storage devices that many people use to carry
important data with them wherever they go.
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7. Processing

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A processor chip performs the calculations
in a computer.
Memory chips are the hardware that
provides the workspace for the data and
instructions the computer is processing.
The motherboard is a container for the
computer’s CPU and RAM, and contains
slots for adding expansion cards.
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8. Output
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A monitor is the screen used to
display graphics and text.
Printers provide hard copy printouts
on paper.
Speakers and headphones provide
audio output in stereo for movies,
radio programs, streaming video,
online learning courses, and
telephone calls.
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9. Storage
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Hard drives contain a stack of metal platters
(disks), a drive motor, and read/write heads.
Data CDs are made of the same material that
is used for music CDs.
DVDs can hold from 4 GB to 8 GB, depending
on whether they can record on both sides
and on one or two layers per side.
Blu-ray discs are used both for highdefinition video and for data.
The flash drive storage device has a USB
connector that fits into a standard USB port.
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10. CHECKPOINT 1
1) The information processing cycle
can be divided into how many
segments?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
Answer
d. 5
3) This is a temporary version and
includes any output that cannot be
physically handled.
a. hard copy
b. soft copy
c. temp copy
Answer
d. perm copy
2) This works like a photocopier to
transfer pictures or text into the
computer.
a. scanner
b. mouse
c. touch pad
d. joystick
Answer
4) CDs can hold about this much
data.
a. 100 MB
b. 100 GB
c. 700 MB
d. 700 GB
Next Question
Next Question
Answer
Next Question
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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Concepts

11. System Unit Ports


Ports are the sockets that the input, output, and storage
devices plug into as displayed in the image on this slide.
In the early days of personal computing, serial, parallel, and
printer cables and ports were found on all PCs. Today, most
peripheral devices use Universal Serial Bus (USB) cables and
ports.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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12. Computer Software
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Software refers to the operating instructions and applications
that allow computers to process the numbers, pictures, sounds,
and text we enter into them.
Today, most operating systems use Graphical User Interfaces
(GUIs), in which a mouse is used to manipulate graphic objects
such as icons and windows onscreen.
The Windows 8 and Windows 7 operating systems require a
CPU that runs at 1 GHz and has 1 GB of RAM.
The Mac OS X operating
system can run on
IBM-compatible PCs.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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13. Computer Software…continued
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The thousands of software applications available provide the
instructions that empower users to perform these and other
tasks from the mundane to the amazing.
A word processing program such as
Microsoft Word can support photos
and drawings, mathematical
calculations, text in table format,
text in varying sizes, shapes, and
colors, and even sound bites.
Spreadsheet software such as
Microsoft Excel can be used for
both simple and complex
calculations.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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14. Computer Software…continued

Database software such as
Microsoft Access is designed
to keep track of information.

Presentation software such
as Microsoft PowerPoint
allows users to create slide
shows that can be viewed on
the computer or projected
onto a large screen.
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15. Computer Software…continued
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Photo editing software is used to organize, retouch, and edit
photographs and videos that have been saved on CDs and DVDs,
scanned, or transferred directly from the camera to a PC.
Applications such as CorelDraw, Adobe Illustrator, SmartDraw,
Microsoft Paint, and PaintShop
Pro are popular software
packages that provide the tools
to design graphical images that
can be used for web pages,
posters, marketing brochures,
and greeting cards.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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Concepts

16. Computer Software…continued
Software applications are often bundled into
packages called “suites.”
 Money management software enables users
to manage their money by helping them pay
bills, balance checkbooks, keep track of
income and expenses, maintain investment
records, and manage other financial activities.
 Tax preparation software allows users to
efficiently fill out state and federal tax forms,
submit them electronically, and direct the
refund to your bank account.

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17. Computer Software…continued


Microsoft Outlook and Lotus Organizer
are examples of personal information
management (PIM) programs that
keep track of your to-do list, address
book, and personal calendar.
Collaborative software or groupware,
such as Lotus Notes and Microsoft
Office SharePoint, provide a way to
keep track of who has made or
suggested changes to documents or
plans and to distribute everything
electronically.
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18. Computer Software…continued
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Today’s games contain high-quality
3D animation, sound, and action
that are very realistic.
Open source software is the general
term for applications that are
provided completely free of charge,
with no license fees or restrictions,
and no copyrights to worry about. You can download the
software, copy it, and give it to your friends.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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Concepts

19. Networks

A Local Area Network (LAN)
consists of several computers
that are physically connected to
one another via a central hub
called a switch.

LANs can be connected to one
another to form Wide Area
Networks (WANs).
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20. Networks…continued

Clients are the computer
workstations where end users run
the various applications necessary
for them to do their jobs.

Servers are data providers that are
often larger and more powerful
computers than clients. They house
the network operating system
software that organizes the sharing
of data among the end users’ PCs.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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21. Networks…continued

A switch provides a central
connection place for cables from
multiple computers.

A router enables you to join two or
more networks, or to join your LAN
to the Internet.
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22. Networks…continued
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The PCs that make up a network have to be connected to each
other in some way.
The original method uses physical cables containing several
strands of wire.
The latest method is wireless and uses radio frequencies to
carry data over short distances from a PC to a switch or router.
All the devices are often located in the same room, but the
signals are strong enough to penetrate the types of walls found
in homes and offices.
The most commonly used network cable is unshielded twisted
pair cable (UTP).
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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23. Networks…continued
802.11n is the current Wi-Fi standard. It has a maximum data rate of 150 Mbps and
a range of about 70 meters indoors or 250 meters outdoors.
802.11g is an earlier Wi-Fi standard; many 802.11g devices are still in use today. It
has a maximum data rate of 54 Mbps and a range of 38 meters indoors or 140
meters outdoors.
802.11b and 802.11a are now obsolete Wi-Fi standards, with a maximum data rate
of 54 Mbps and 11 Mbps, respectively.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) defines the rules for
sending and receiving data between network devices. Each device has a unique IP
address, which is a series of four numbers between 0 and 255, separated by
periods, like this: 192.168.0.1.
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) defines the rules for sending and receiving web
pages (hypertext) on the Internet. For example, you might see
http://emcp/myschool.edu on the uniform resource locator (URL) or Address line of
your Internet browser.
continues on next slide…
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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Concepts

24. Networks…continued
HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure Sockets) encrypts data before sending it
over the Web. You can see the letters https on the URL line when you reach a web
page asking for your credit card number or when you are paying your bills online,
such as https://emcp/mybank.com/my account.
POP3 is the current version of Post Office Protocol for receiving email. POP is a
store-and-forward system in which your email waits on the mail server until you
pick it up via an email application such as Outlook, then is forwarded to that
application.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) enables you to send email. The message is
transferred to the recipient’s mail server on the Internet, where it waits for the user
to pick it up via his or her email application.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) provides an efficient, fast way to transfer files between
computers. It is commonly used for files that are too large for email attachments,
and for large repositories of files.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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Concepts

25. Networks…continued

Data moves across the Internet by traveling through a
collection of physical devices.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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26. CHECKPOINT 2
1) The Windows 8 operating system
requires a CPU that runs at this
speed.
a. 100 GHz
b. 100 MHz
c. 1 GHz
Answer
d. 1 MHz
3) Software applications are often
bundled into packages called this.
a. suites
b. collections
c. groups
d. piles
2) Microsoft Access is an example of
this type of program.
a. word processing
b. presentation
c. spreadsheet
d. database
4) This is the term for applications
that are provided completely free
of charge.
a. Open Use
b. Open Source
c. Source Free
d. Source Use
Answer
Answer
Next Question
Answer
Next Question
Next Question
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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Concepts

27. The Internet

The World Wide Web is a collection of hypertext files
containing graphics, audio, and video that can be accessed on
the Internet.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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28. The Internet…continued
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29. The Internet…continued

Electronic mail (email) uses its
own protocols (such as SMTP
and POP3) to route a message
between computers on the
Internet and hold it at a
destination mail server until
the recipient picks it up.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is
an information workspace on
the Internet and is used to
transfer files.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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Concepts

30. Security Issues


Malware is a relatively new term that describes computer
programs that have a malicious intent. Viruses, worms,
spyware, and adware programs all fall into this category.
A computer virus is a string
of code written by someone
who wants to hurt others by
damaging or destroying their
computer files or making
their computer experience
difficult.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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31. Security Issues…continued

A worm is a self-replicating
computer program that
distributes itself via a network.
Unlike a virus, it does not
necessarily attach itself to
another file.

Named after the infamous Trojan
horse of the Greek legend, a
Trojan is malware that
masquerades as a useful
program.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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Concepts

32. Security Issues…continued
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Spyware tracks your activity as
you surf the Internet and
reports it to companies that
want to sell you their
products—or steal your
identity.
Adware looks at files on your
computer and then sends popup advertisements that try to
sell you products and services.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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33. Security Issues…continued

Spyware programs can steal your personal information and
share it with or sell it to other people who might be able to
impersonate you and take money from your bank account or
charge large purchases to your credit card.

Phishing is a method of convincing people to reveal their
passwords, credit card numbers, social security numbers, and
other private or confidential information.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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34. Security Issues…continued
Several computer programs are available to provide protection
from virus attacks and from the installation of spyware or
adware on your computer.
 Some examples are McAfee
VirusScan and Symantec AntiVirus
for viruses; and Spybot Search &
Destroy, SpySweeper, AdAware,
and Spyware Detector for
spyware and adware.
 Windows 8 and Windows 7 include
an anti-spyware program called
Windows Defender.

© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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35. Email Etiquette and Computer Ethics
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Etiquette refers to the rules that govern courteous behavior.
Etiquette also involves the rules for language appropriate in a
businesslike environment.
Using proper etiquette is a way of showing a person respect.
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36. Email Etiquette and Computer Ethics…continued
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Ethics are the moral principles
that govern behavior.
Ethics are the rules we use to
determine what is right and
wrong.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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37. Email Etiquette and Computer Ethics…continued
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Speedy communication with other people all over the world
can be fun, exciting, and productive. However, it can also cause
problems.
What you write in an email message can hurt someone’s
feelings, be misinterpreted, or might accidentally be sent to the
wrong person.
You can cause yourself embarrassment or even get yourself
fired.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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38. Email Etiquette and Computer Ethics…continued
1.
Be brief and to the point. Emails are supposed to be a fast way to
communicate. Don’t slow down the process.
2.
Don’t use ALL CAPITAL letters. It looks and feels like you’re shouting or angry.
3.
Remember to attach the attachment. Mentioning what you are “enclosing”
in any type of letter is a good idea. Get in the habit of stopping as soon as
you type the phrase “I am attaching…” and immediately click the Attach
button.
4.
Use the spelling check (even if you’re a great speller). Using the spelling
check feature only takes a few seconds and it shows that you care about
quality. But watch out! It is easy to click “Change” instead of “Ignore” and
change a person’s name to a common word.
5.
Reread what you wrote from the perspective of the receiver. Ask yourself
how the recipient is likely to interpret your words. Did you leave out or
misspell a word that changes the meaning?
continues on next slide…
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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Concepts

39. Email Etiquette and Computer Ethics…continued
6.
Double-check the address in the To box. Confirm that you clicked the correct
name in your address list. Once you click the Send button, there is no way to
stop the message or undo an address mistake.
7.
Watch your language. Profanity can come back to haunt you.
8.
Assume your email will be read by lots of other people. Emails are often
forwarded so others can take action or to inform a supervisor. Avoid cute or
friendly asides and comments that you only want a close friend to see.
9.
Always put something in the Subject line. A well-written subject will help the
receiver decide where to file your message and whether to read it now or
wait until later.
10.
Privacy does not exist in emails, especially those in a corporate environment.
The email administrator can potentially see the contents of any email.
Company policy may allow checking emails to ensure that no company
secrets are exposed, or to stop harassing or abusive email.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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40. Email Etiquette and Computer Ethics…continued


Most software is copyrighted. The exception is open source
software.
Infringing on a copyright is illegal.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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Concepts

41. CHECKPOINT 3
1) This is an information workspace
on the Internet and is used for file
transfer.
a. ftf
b. ftp
c. fpt
Answer
d. fft
3) This is a self-replicating computer
program that distributes itself via a
network.
a. Spyware
b. Trojan
c. Worm
Answer
d. Virus
2) This is typically spread via an
email attachment.
a. Spyware
b. Trojan
c. Worm
d. Virus
4) This refers to the rules that
govern courteous behavior.
a. Etiquette
b. Ethics
c. Morale
d. Protocol
Next Question
Next Question
Answer
Next Question
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
Answer
Next Slide
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Concepts