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Class4environmentalprotection
1. What Happens to the
Pesticides We apply?
Commercial Pesticide Applicator
Exam Preparation Class
Laura Pottorff, Colorado State
Unversity, Adams County
2. EPA “has the responsibility to ensure
that the use of pesticides will not
cause unreasonable adverse effects to
human health and the environment.”
EPA Pesticide Registration
Notice 2001-X
3. “applicators must not allow
pesticide spray or dusts to
drift from the application
site and contact people,
animals”
EPA Pesticide Registration
Notice 2001-X
4. Environmental hazards of
pesticides
Damage to biological controls
Damage to pollinating insects
Damage to wildlife/endangered species
death of plants and animals
habitat contamination
elimination of food sources
Phytotoxicity
inadvertent damage to the plant.
7. What happens to the Pesticides
we apply?
On way to target
Physical Drift
Physical movement of pesticide droplets or particles through
the air at the time of pesticide application or soon
thereafter—to any non- or off-target site.
8. Spray Drift is undesirable!
Inefficient use of equipment and time
Under-application/ineffective control
Litigation concerns
Unintentional contamination of foodstuffs
Air/water pollution
Animal and human health/safety
9. Factor that affect drift
Controllable and uncontrollable factors
Factors that contribute to drift are unique
to each application and depend on
weather, the application site, application
equipment, and applicator behavior.
10. Studies have show that the
equipment and its operation
are responsible for 68 – 90%
of the physical drift problems
while weather accounts for 10
– 32%
D. B. Smith, 1982
11. Physical Drift
Drift from ground sprayers is estimated to
be 5% of applied spray
Distance drift falls
30 feet - ½ of the spray hits the ground
300 feet – 1/10,000
Aerial sprayers can create 5 – 10 times the
amount of drift.
12. Physical Drift
Droplet size < 100 micron
Measured in microns diameter – can drift
1 micron=1/25,000 of Increasing droplet
an inch
size reduces drift
Hair – 50 microns
Change nozzle type
Use shields
Reduce pressure
13. What happens to the Pesticides
we apply?
On the way to the target
Evaporates = volatilization (VAPOR DRIFT)
conversion of a liquid or solid into a gas
volatilization is a common problem with pesticides
like lawn weed sprays. The hazard potential
increases with high temperatures, low relative
humidity and wind.
14. Understanding the chemical
The larger the chemicals molecular weight
(the bigger it is), the higher it’s boiling
point. An increased boiling point of a
compound means a decrease in its ability
to volatilize or to become a vapor.
15. What happens to the Pesticides
we apply?
On way to target
Photodecomposition
Breakdown of chemical by sunlight
Reach plants
Reach soil
Reach water
16. What happens to the Pesticides
we apply?
Reach plants
Absorption by plant leaves
Absorption by plant roots
Absorption by thatch
Washed off by rain or irrigation
17. What happens to the Pesticides
we apply?
Reach soil
Adsorption (chemically bound to soil particles)
Bound to soil and OM
Chemical degradation in soil
Inactivation/breakdown by soil microbes/animals
Leached through soil profile
18. What happens to the pesticides
we apply?
Reach water
Surface runoff
Runoff (movement with surface water flow)
Runoff water is a potential hazard on slopes where it can
take water soluble pesticides and soil particles (with
pesticides bound to it).
Leach through soil profile
Leaching hazard is a factor of soil type,
precipitation, irrigation and the product’s solubility
and soil adsorption properties.
19. Potential water quality problems
High water table
Permeable soils
Well heads (water seepage around casing or
down wells)
Repeated use (or large dosage or water soluble,
low adsorption pesticides or fertilizers)
Large spills (of water soluble, low adsorption
pesticides or fertilizers)
22. Environmental protection
PHC managers must consider
environmental awareness as an important
aspect of the job.
It is the applicator’s obligation to become
familiar with how pesticides move off
target.
23. Environmental Protection
What Can You Do?
We have control over:
What we apply
When we apply it
How we apply it
How we store it
How we dispose of it
24. Environmental Protection
To reduce unwanted pesticide movement
in the environment, chemical and physical
properties of the pesticides should be
understood.
These are listed on the MSDS and Label
molecular weight, boiling point, solubility in
water
25. Preventing Drift
A variety of nozzles are available
Select the proper nozzle type and size
26. Nozzles
Modified flat fan
better drop size
control over wider variation of pressures
27. Reducing Drift
The use of adjuvants/thickeners reduces
drift
50 – 75% reduction in the first 30 feet
Increase droplet size of pesticide/water
mix
$0.10 - $1.00/acre
28. Don’t Drift
Think about the area surrounding each site
Select pesticides that meet your needs and pose little
risk to the environment
Follow label restrictions
Note prevailing wind
Be considerate of neighbors
Respond courteously to complaints
Spray smart and make a clean application
29. Preventing Drift
Select a nozzle that produces a coarse
droplet
Use the lower end of the nozle’s pressure
range
Lower boom height
Increase spray volume by selecting larger
spray tips
30. How to minimize leaching or
runoff
Consider application area
lakes, rivers, ponds, wells, etc are high risk
slopes or bare soil are high risk
Consider soil type
sandy soils prone to leaching
clay soils bind more than loam, but runoff
potential is greater
31. How to minimize leaching and
runoff
Consider weather
avoid applications immediately before rain or
irrigation
Consider solubility of pesticide
the more water soluble (listed on MSDS) the
more likely it is to leach.
33. Summary
1. Consider vulnerability of the local
environment.
Plant, animal life, geology, soil type,
temperature, wind and weather forecast.
34. Summary
2. Consider location of water sources.
Surface waters
What is depth of ground water
Location and depth of wells
Never mix, store, or dispose of pesticides with
in 100 feet of a well.
35. Summary
3. Use buffer zones around sensitive
areas.
Leave borders of untreated plants
Sensitive areas = springs, wells, wetlands,
ground water recharge or sensitive plants
36. Summary
4. Consider the weather and irrigation.
If rain is forecast, delay application
Control irrigation after application to minimize
leaching and runoff.
37. Summary
5. Select pesticides carefully
is one needed?
consult the label and MSDS
THE TARGET SITE HAS TO BE ON THE
LABEL, THE PEST DOES NOT
38. Summary
6. Choose proper application tools.
Nozzles - dictates droplet size
Make sure equipment is in good working
order
39. Summary
7. Calibrate accurately
8. Measure accurately
mix only what is needed and use what is
mixed
9. Mix and load carefully
avoid spills
40. Summary
10. Always carry spill control materials
11. Practice IPM
12. Keep records
13. Store, transport and dispose of
pesticides properly
triple rinse
41. Record Keeping-Summary
WHY?
Required by law
Provide accurate historical records
Provide means of mapping important pest
problems/areas
42. Record Keeping
What should be recorded?
1. Name of material applied.
Trade name
formulation
active ingredient (common name)
EPA registration # (satisfies legal reporting
requirements)
43. What should be recorded?
2. Date and time of application
time of day, particularly if this varies from the
usual application time.
3. Area treated
record in either sq ft or acres
44. What should be recorded?
4. Total amount of material applied.
Include the intended of measured rate of
active ingredient as well as the total amount
of material applied to the area. It is also
useful to record the rates of water in which
the pesticide was applied. (e.g. gallons/1000
sq ft)
45. What should be recorded?
5. Tank storage time and pH.
It is best to apply pesticides immediately after
mixing.
Monitor pH if your water sources are different.
46. What should be recorded?
6. The amount of post application
irrigation.
Gallons of water/unit area
The target pest
indicate who did diagnosis, location of
sampling and whether diagnosis was made
prior to pesticide application or after.
47. What should be recorded?
9. Weather conditions
conditions prior to the appearance of
symptoms or damage and conditions at time
of application
10. Apparent results of application.
Important!!
Were results due to application or change in
weather, etc???
48. Storage of pesticides-Summary
Commercial
In ground level room designed for pesticide storage.
Fenced and locked when not in use
Security issues (especially since 9/11/01)
Lock up your application equipment
Dry
Cool/not allowed to freeze
Signage stating pesticide storage
“WARNING: HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (PESTICIDES)
ARE CONTAINED WITHIN”
OR compliance with local fire authorities
49. Storage of pesticides-Summary
Must have an accurate inventory
List
EPA#
Date of purchase
Location within storage facility
Store inventory list separate from storage
area
50. Storage of pesticides
Everyone
in original, labeled containers
keep tightly sealed
never store on shelves higher than eye level
to prevent serious accidents
check containers on regular basis
do not allow dry formulations to get wet or
liquid products to freeze
51. Disposal of pesticides-Summary
Use as labeled or intended!
Do NOT dump down the drain or sewer
Watch for “household chemical roundups”
or “ChemSweeps”
Empty containers must be triple rinsed.
