3. • The id is the only component of personality that is
present from birth.
• Id is unconscious because it consist of all the
instinctual drives of man ( which are by nature
unconscious )
• Pleasure Principle – idea that all your needs,
wants and desires should be met immediately.
4. •The id always seek pleasure and
avoid pain, without consideration
to direct or modify it.
•Id is very rigid with demand since
it has no direct bearing with the
external world.
5. According to Freud, the id tries to resolve the
tension created by the pleasure principle through
the primary process, which involves forming a
mental image of the desired object as a way of
satisfying the need.
6. •The ego operates based on the reality
principle, which strives to satisfy the id’s
desires in realistic and socially appropriate
ways.
7. • According to Freud, the ego develops from
the id and ensures that the impulses of the
id can be expressed in a manner acceptable
in the real world.
• The reality principle weighs the costs and
benefits of an action before deciding to act
upon or abandon impulses.
• In many cases, the id’s impulses can be
satisfied through a process of delayed
gratification- the ego will eventually allow
the behaviour, but only in the appropriate
time and place.
8. • Cathexis means the process whereby the
object becomes recognizes by the id as
important as an instinctual satisfier.
• Once the ego sees the incompability of the
demand of the id with external world, the
ego disapproves. This process called Anti-
cathexis.
9. Freud claims that the ego represents reason while
the id represents passion.
As what Freud said:
The ego has the task of bringing the influence of
the external world to bear upon the id and its
tendencies and endeavors to substitute the reality
principle for the pleasure principle which reigns
supreme in the id… the ego represents what we call
reason and sanity in contrast to id which contains
passion.
10. • Ego constitute the conscious portion as
well as the preconscious portion ( those
that are capable of becoming conscious )
of the personality structure
• The consideration of the ego as conscious
seems to provide us with an absolute idea
that the ego is purely conscious
• But this is misleading because the ego also
constitute within itself an unconscious
portion which is the result of its defense of
those conscious materials that it cannot
accept.
11. Once unacceptable conscious materials come to the
ego, the ego pushes them back to the unconscious.
Ego does it through its defense mechanism.
Defense mechanism is an unconscious psychological
mechanism that reduces anxiety arising from
unacceptable or potentially harmful stimuli.
13. •Ego employs defense mechanism so
that it can prohibit it self from anxiety.
•Anxiety may occur in the ego when it
welcomes those materials which do
not corresponds to reality.
•The “favorite” defense mechanism of
the ego is repression to keep it self
from anxiety.
14. •Repression serves to
keep undesirable actions,
thoughts, or behaviors
from coming into
conscious awareness
15. Kinds of Anxiety
• Reality Anxiety – ego strives to do away
with reality anxiety which could be
induced from the danger of external
world.
• Moral Anxiety – comes from the
restriction of superego ( ego-ideal )
• Neurotic Anxiety – comes straight from
the demands of the id
16. •Ego seen by Freud “as a poor
creature owing service to the
three masters..”
External World
Id
Superego
17. • Third structure of personality to develop
• Superego begins to emerge at around age five.
• The superego is the aspect of personality that
holds all of our internalized moral standards and
ideals that we acquire from both parents and
society- our sense of right and wrong.
18. TWO PARTS OF SUPEREGO
1. Ego ideal is our idealistic view of what is right. Made
up of all of our rules for good behavior. It represents
how we should treat other people and how we should
behave as a member of society.
2. Conscience is our view of what is considered wrong.
You can think of it as an internal set of rules. When we
break one of these rules, the superego considers our
behavior to be bad. When we do things that our
conscience considers bad, it leads to feelings of guilt or
remorse.
19. • Operates through Ideal Principle
• Functions as the agent of conscience; it contains
the taboos as well as the traditional values of
society.
• In the person, superego expresses the moral
injunctions and moral norms.
• Provides guidelines for making judgments
• Superego develops from the ego and interact
with ego as strict parents would toward their
children.
• Functions not as doting parent but as strict
disciplinarian
20. • Freud says that the ego and the superego are
derivatives of the id. They can both receive the
penetration of the id.
The instincts of the id, however, get modified as they
push their way into the ego and the super-ego.
Freud say:
There are two path by which the content of the id
can penetrate into the ego. The one is direct, the other
one leads by way of the ego-ideal (superego).
21. Interaction of the Id, Ego, and
Superego
• It is important to remember that id, ego
and superego are not totally separated
entities with clearly defined boundaries.
These aspects of personality are dynamic
and always interacting within a person to
influence an individual’s overall
personality and behavior.
22. • Freud used the term ego strength to refer
the ego’s ability to function despite these
dueling forces.
• A person with good ego strength is able to
effectively manage pressures, while those
with too much or too little ego strength
can become too unyielding or too
disrupting.
24. •If the ego is able to adequately
moderate between the demands
of reality, the id and the superego,
a healthy and well-adjusted
personality emerges.
•Imbalance between these
elements would lead to a
maladaptive personality.
25. Overly dominant Id for example,
might become impulsive,
uncontrollable, or even criminals.
This individuals acts upon his or
her most basic urges with no
concern for whether the behavior
is appropriate, acceptable, or legal.
26. •Overly dominant superego might
lead to a personality that is
extremely moralistic and possibly
judgmental. This person may be
very unable to accept anything or
anyone that he or she perceives
as “bad” or “immoral”
27. •An excessively dominant ego. An
individual with this type of personality
might be so tired to reality, rules, and
appropriateness that they are unable
to engage in any type or spontaneous
or unexpected behavior. This
individual may seem very concrete
and rigid, incapable of accepting
change and lacking an internal sense
of right from wrong.
28. D. Transactional Psychology
•It is true that every man
possesses the id, the ego and the
superego since all these
constitute man’s personality.
•Id acts as the child
•Ego acts as the adult
•Superego acts as the parent
29. • In applying the Freudian transactional psychology
to all, it appears that some people have not
transcendent their childish instinctive drives.
Some are strict with their lives, while some
others are too attached to moral injunctions and
norms in society.
• If all of these are not balanced, the tendency is
that the personality of the person will collapse.
• Freud is convinced that it is in striking a
harmonious balance that man’s mental health or
well-being can be established.
30. And this balance is made possible
when the ego tries to reconcile the
id, the superego and the external
world.
