This power point is about syndromic approach - management of lower abdominal pain in females and genital ulcers. This is an easier approach to treat such conditions as it covers for numerous causative microorganisms at the same time. Moreover treatment can be started earlier and one might not wait for Culture and Sensitivity test to start treatment.
5. History
Site of pain- lower abdomen
Associated features
Fever
Vaginal discharge
Menstrual irregularities
Dysmenorrhea
Dyspareunia
Dysuria, tenesmus
Contraceptive use eg. IUD
6. Examination
General examination + vitals
Per speculum examination
Vaginal/ cervical discharge, congestion, ulcers
Per abdomen examination
Lower abdominal tenderness
Pelvic examination
Uterine tenderness, cervical movement tenderness
Note:
urine pregnancy test should be done in all women
suspected of having PID to rule out ectopic pregnancy
7. Laboratory Investigations
Wet smear examination
Gram stain for gonorrhea
Complete blood count and ESR
Urine microscopy for pus cells
8. Treatment – Out Patients
Mild – moderate PLD cases
Cover Neisseria gonorrheae, chlamydia
trachomatis and anaerobes
Treatment
Tab. Cefixime 400mg orally twice daily for 7 days +
Tab. Metronidazole 400 mg orally twice daily for 14
days + Doxycycline 100mg orally twice daily for 2
weeks
Tab. Ibruprofen 400 mg orally 3 times a day for 3-5
days
Tab. Ranitidine 150 mg orally twice daily
9. Remove IUD, if present, under antibiotic cover of
24-48 hrs
Advice abstinence during the course of treatment
and educate on correct and consistent use of
condoms
Observe for 3 days. If there is no improvement or
symptoms worsen refer to in patient treatment
Caution:
PID can be serious condition. Refer patient to hospital if
she does not respond to treatment within 3 day or even
earlier if condition worsen
10. Hospitalisation of Patient
Hospitalisation of patient with acute PID should
be seriously considered when
Diagnosis – uncertain
Surgical emergencies eg: appendicitis or ectopic
pregnancy cannot be excluded
Severe illness precludes management on an out
patient basis
Woman- pregnant
Patient is unable to follow or tolerate an out patient
regimen
11. Management in Pregnant Women
PID is rare in pregnancy
Refer to district hospital for hospitalisation
Parenteral regimen- safe in pregnancy
Doxycycline contraindicated
Metronidazol usually not recommended during
the first 3 months of pregnancy but should not be
withheld in case of severe acute PID (emergency)
12. Syndrome Specific Guidelines For
Partner Management
• Treat all partners in past 2 month
• Treat all male partners for urethral discharge (gonorrhea
and chlamydia)
• Provide condom and educate on correct and consistent use
• Refer for voluntary counseling and testing for HIV, Syphilis
and Hepatitis B
• Inform about the complication if left untreated
• Follow up visits- 3,7,14 days - compliance
17. History
Genital ulcer/ vesicles
Burning sensation in the genital region
Sexual exposure of either partner to high risk
practices including orogenital sex
18. Examination
Presence of vesicles
Presence of genital ulcers
Single or multiple
Associated inguinal lymph node swelling
19. Ulcer characteristics
Painful vesicles/ ulcers, single or multiple – herpes
simplex
Painless ulcers with shotty lymph node – syphilis
Painless ulcer with inguinal lymph node –
granuloma inguinale and LGV
Painful ulcer usually single, sometimes –
chancroid associated with painful bubos
21. Treatment
Vesicle or multiple painful ulcers present
Treat for herpes :
Tab Acyclovir 400 mg orally, 3 times a day for 7 days
Only ulcers seen ( no vesicles)
Treat for syphilis and chancroid
Counsel on herpes genitalis
22. To cover syphilis:
Inj Benzathine penicillin 2.4 million IU IM after test
dose in two divided doses
[Allergic individual : Doxycycline 100 mg daily orally,
twice daily for 14 days]
+ Azithromycin 1g orally single dose OR
Tab. Ciprofloxacin 500mg orally, twice a day for 3 days
to cover chancroid
Treatment should be continued beyond 7 days if
ulcers have not epitheliased
23. Refer to higher centers
Not responding to treatment
Genital ulcers co-exist with HIV
Recurrent lesion
24. Management of Pregnant Women
Quinolones - contraindicated
Women who test positive for RPR – considered
infected unless
Adequate treatment is documented
Sequential serologic antibody titres have declined
Inj Benzathine penicillin 2.4 million IU IM after test
dose
A second dose of benzathine penicillin should be
administered IM 1 week after initial dose for women
who have primary , secondary and early latent syphilis
25. • Allergic women- erythromycin
– Tab erythromycin 500 mg oraly QID for 15 days
– Erythromycin base or ethyl succinate should be used
(estolate- hepatotoxicity)
• Neonates should be treated for syphilis
• Should be asked for h/o of genital herpes and carefully
examined for herpetic lesions
• Asymptomatic women can deliver vaginally
• Women with genital herpes at onset of labor- CS
• Acyclovir can be administered orally – first episode or
recurrent genital herpes
26. Syndrome Specific Guidelines For Partner
Management
Treat all partners who are in contact with patient in last 3
month
Partners should be treated for syphilis and chancroid
Advise sexual abstinence during the course of treatment
Provide condoms, educate about correct and consistent use
Refer for voluntary counseling and testing for HIV, syphilis
and hepatitis B
Schedule return visit after 7 days.