7. http://www.h-lasalle.ed.jp/jhs/j_club.htm The above site leads to a real high school website, outlining about their club activities. Nearly 70% of the club attendees choose sports club, 17% choose culture club and the rest do not participate in any club activities (きたくぶ)きたくmeaning going home.
9. Sporting clubs うんどうぶ Sporting clubs usually have training after school until about 5pm. Games and tournaments are held on Saturdays. Severe consequences for members who miss training sessions. Older grades are referred to as せんぱい and younger year levels follow what せんぱい tell them to do.
10. Culture clubs ぶんかぶ Not as strict as sport clubs. Apart from すいそうがくぶ(wind symphony) せんぱい authority are not as obvious. ゆうれいぶいん (ghost member) are members who are registered but hardly turn up to meetings and gatherings. Students choose this type of club to avoid being bullied from older grades.
13. Grammar pattern ~なければなりません。 In the previous short introduction, you noticed a new grammar pattern. This grammar pattern indicates “(you) must do ~” Before going any further, you must know how to change the verbs to plain negative form (~ない)
14. Quick revision on changing to negative If the verb is Group 1 verb (verbs that have い vowel before ます), you need to change the いvowel to あvowel of the hiragana chart and replace ます with ない 行きますー>行かない Group 2 verbs (えvowel before ます or ONE letter before ます), simply cross out ます and replace it with ない しますー>しない 食べますー>食べない
15. Once you know your negative.. Step 1. Prepare a sentence ending with ます 学校に行きます。 Step 2.Change the verb to negative学校に行かない。 Step 3.Replace い with ければなりません。 学校に行かなければなりません。You must go to school. (or literal meaning is more like “you don’t not go to school”)
16. A bit more info… Instead of using なければなりません。Underlined section can be replaced with いけません、だめです しゅくだいをしなければいけません。 しけんの前には、べんきょうしなければだめです。 You can also use なくてはなりません。
18. While you are on negative…. Since the last grammar pattern consist of 2 negatives made it positive (you MUST), having only ONE negative would stay as negative (you MUST NOT) You probably remember ~てくださいたってください This grammar pattern works in a similar manner, where you replace the てform verb with negative +で 行かないでください。