FABRIC SCIENCE

1. YARNS USEDIN
TECHNICALTEXILES

2. Various yarns are used in technical textiles ,
which include natural as well as man-made
yarns depending upon various applications
of the end products

3. Natural staple fibre yarn
JUTE YARN
Jute is natural multifilament fibre, strong, durable and easy to both
produce and dispose.
Biodegradable jute yarns are suitable for various weave densities.
Woven jute fibres are initially anticipated as a geotextile to avoid
land sliding and consequent to deforestation.
Jute geotextiles can perform a vital role in the control of soil
erosion by revegetation.
Jute can be mixed with other materials, such as in the construction
of jute-sand-mat structures.
Its special physical attributes have opened up new avenues for
diversification promoted mostly as a result of global concerns for
environment.

4. FLAX YARN
o Flax fibre is extracted from the bast or skin of the stem of the
flax plant.
o Flax fibre is hollow and able to absorb water up to 12% of its
own weight.
o It also dries quickly, does not perspire and is anti-static by
nature making it equal to man-made synthetic fibres such as
fibre glass.
o Its strength increases by 20% when wet.
o The longer fibres are used for spinning into yarn and
weaving, knitting and geotextiles.
o Flax is used as alternative for the use of glass fibres in
engineering composites.

5. COIR YARN OR ROPE
o Coir is a natural insulation materials produced from flax fibres.
o Coir geotextiles are applied in areas of erosion control, soil
conservation, and other civil and bioengineering applications.
o It has the appropriate strength and toughness to protect the
slopes from erosion while permitting vegetation to flourish
o They can dissolve the energy of flowing water and absorb the
extra solar radiation.
o Used or recycled goods of the coconut fibres from the post
industrial waste can also be applied as the economical
applicators.
o It gives low impact and reasonable result to the problems of
soil erosion and land sliding on man-made slopes such as
motorway and railway embankments.

6. POLYESTER YARN
Synthetic filament Yarn
o Polyester yarns are nowadays made from the post
consumer waste such as bottles, fabrics, etc for various
technical applications.
o In the composition of polyester ethylene terephthalate, it
has superior strength and elasticity it is applicable to
numbers of geotechnical applications.
o Polyester yarns are used for producing woven and knitted
structure for various applications in geotextiles.

7. POLYPROPYLENE YARN
o They include both polyethylene and polypropylene.
o Both polymers have a density less than that of water, which
allows them to float as ropes, nets and other similar
applications.
o The availability, low cost and good resistance of acid and
alkaline environments of polpropylene has greatly
influenced its growth and substantial use in geotextile
applications.
o It is a famous alternative for geo-grids or geomatrices, as it is
strong and chemically static.
o It is used in applications like sacks, bags, packaging, carpet
backing, furniture linings, ropes, netting replacing
conventionally used jute in these applications.
o Also used in artificial sports surfaces.

8. ARAMID FILAMENT YARNS
o Aramid fibre is a chemical fibre.
o Aramid fibres have high tenacity and high resistance to
stretch, to most chemicals and to high temperature.
o The kevlar aramid is well-known for its relatively
lighweight and for its fatigue and damage resistance.
o Because of these properties, kevlar 29 is widely used and
accepted for making body armour
o Kevlar 49 – has high tenacity and is used as reinforcing
material for many composite uses, including materials for
making boat and aircraft parts.
o The nomex aramid – Is heat resistant and is used in making
fire fighters’ apparel and similar applications.

9. GLASS FILAMENT YARNS
o Glass is an incombustible textile fibre and has high tenacity
too.
o It has been used for fire-retardant applications and also used
in insulation of buildings.
o There are different types of glass fibres
-- E-glass used in glass-reinforced plastics in the form of
woven fabrics.
-- C-glass used for applications where such resistance is
required, such as in chemical filtration.
-- S-glass used in composite manufacturing
o Glass filament yarns are brittle compared with the
conventional textile yarns.
o When handling glass fibres, protective clothing and a mask
should be worn to prevent skin irritation and inhalation of
glass fibres.

10. CARBON FILAMENT YARNS
o Carbon fibres are commonly made from precursor fibres
such as rayon and acrylic.
o Like the glass yarns, most carbon fibres are brittle , sizes
are used to adhere the filaments together to improve the
process ability.
o In addition to protecting operatives against skin irritation
and short fibre inhalation, protecting and processing
machinery and auxiliary electric and electronic devices
needs to be considered too, as carbon fibre is conductive.

11. Thank you