Pharmacokinetics

2. The scientific name of a medicine.
given it by the inventor company
Example
Ciprofloxacin
Azithromycin

3. A name given by the manufacturer
to a particular product or service.
Example:
Radiant
Pharmaceuticals
Ltd.
Square
Ciprocin Pharmaceuticals
Ltd.

4. EXAMPLE
BRAND NAME
GENERIC NAME

5. DOSAGE FORM/ PRESENTATION
Dosage Form: the physical form in which a drug is
produced and dispensed
such as a tablet, a capsule, or an injection.
Tablet Capsule
Injection.

6. DOSAGE FORM/ PRESENTATION
Syrup Suspension
Suppository
Soft gelatin capsule

7. STRENGTH
The strength of a drug product tells
how much of the active ingredient is present in each
dosage (capsule/tablet).
STRENGTH
Example: Paracetamol -500mg, Ciprofloxacin- 250 mg/500mg

9. Therapeutic Dose
The dose (amount of a medication ) that required
to produce a desired effect.
Example: Therapeutic dose of
Paracetamol  500 mg, Omeprazole  20 mg
Sub Therapeutic Dose
The dosage of a drug less than the amount required
for a therapeutic effect.

10. Bioavailability
Amount of Drug that reaches in the systemic
circulation (blood) after administration.
IV bioavailability is 100%

11. Bioavailability
IV
Oral

12. Pharmacokinetics
The branch of pharmacology deals with the movement of drugs
within the body.
Absorption
Elimination Pharmacokinetics Distribution
Metabolism

13. Pharmacodynamics
The branch of pharmacology concerned with the effects of
drugs and the mechanism of their action.
Pharmacokinetics • What drug does to the body
Pharmacodynamics • What body does to the drug

14. Elimination Half life (t1/2)
The time necessary for the concentration of drug in the plasma
to decrease by half.
80
t1/2 = (9- 3) = 6hr
40 t1/2
0 3 9

15. Peak Plasma Poncentration (Cmax)
The maximum plasma concentration of a drug achieved
in the blood after a dose administered.
80
Cmax
40
0

16. Tmax
The amount of time that a drug is present at the
maximum concentration in serum
Tmax
0 3 9

17. AUC
Area under the concentration curve (AUC)
Availability of a drug in the body for a given period
AUC
Greater AUC
better for
patient

18. MIC
Minimum inhibitory concentration
The lowest concentration of an antibiotic that is
needed to inhibit bacterial growth.
MIC

19. MEC
minimum effective concentration The lowest
concentration of an drug that is needed to give
pharmacological effect.
MIC

20. Therapeutic Index
The ratio between the toxic dose and the therapeutic
dose of a drug. TI = LD50 /ED50

21. First Pass Effect/Metabolism
After absorption of oral drug it have to pass through
the liver. Then it enter into the circulation. In the liver
the drug may or may not be metabolized. This
process is called First pass effect.
Therapeutic
Effect
Mouth Absorption Liver Circulation
Elimination
Metabolism

22. Potency: Amount of drug required to produce particular response
Efficacy: Maximum response produced by a drug
Efficacy
Potency

24. COGS (Cost Of goods sold)
TP (Trade Price)
Invoice Price
MRP(Maximum retail price)

25. COGS
Cost of Packaging, Raw materials, over head cost
TP
COGS + Profit Margin
Invoice Price
TP + 16% VAT
MRP
Invoice price + Chemist margin