Hec news and views december, 2013

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Shujaul Mulk Khan

Prof. Dr. Habib Ahmad, Dean, Faculty of Science and Dr. Shujaul Mulk Khan, Lecturer in Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra recently participated in two different international conferences at Antalya, Turkey. The first conference “11th international Ethnobotany Symposium” was held at Renaissance Antalya Beach Resort. Prof. Habib Ahmad delivered his talk on “Historical Development and the Present Status of Ethnobotany in Pakistan” while Dr. Shujaul Mulk Khan presented his work on “Botanical Conservation of the Endangered Medicinal Plant Species of the Himalayas”.

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Plus de Shujaul Mulk Khan

Keeping in mind the economic importance of this palm, the Government of Pakistan passed an act on the conservation of Nannorrhops namely “Kohat Mazri Control Act 1953” (http://kp.gov.pk/page/the-kohat -mazri -contr olact- 1953/page-type/rules ) in 1953 where laws and rules were devised for the conservation of Nannorrhops in Pakistan in general and for the Kohat Division in particular (which then covered the whole southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). Regionally, it has been categorized as Endangered (EN) under the IUCN criteria. Murad et al. (2011) reported that in the Hazar Nao Forest of Malakand Nannorrhops ritchiana is on the verge of extinction due to over exploitation by the local population for commercial purposes.

The indispensable bond between mazri palm (nannorrhops ritchiana) and the ind...

The indispensable bond between mazri palm (nannorrhops ritchiana) and the ind...

The indispensable bond between mazri palm (nannorrhops ritchiana) and the ind...

Shujaul Mulk Khan

Due to overlapping and diverse morphological characters, Berberis is among the most taxonomically complex genera. Palynology is one of the taxonomic tools for delimitation and identification of complex species. In this study, pollens of 10 Berberis species were analyzed through light and scanning electron microscopy. Qualitative as well as quantitative features (pollen shape, size, presence or absence of colpi, colpi length and width, exine thickness, ornamentation, pollen class, aperture, and polar–equatorial ratio) were measured. Five species were observed to have colpate (pantocolpate) with elongated ends, radially symmetrical, isopolar, monads, and psilate-regulate pollens. In polar view, six pollen were spheroidal, two were ovoid, one spherical, and one oblate. Similarly, variation in pollen length was prominent and the largest pollen on polar view was recorded for B. psodoumbellata 60–65 μm (62.4 ± 0.9), while the smallest one was observed for B. lycium 29–35 μm (32.2 ± 1). The observed variation in both quantitative and qualitative features were important in taxonomic identification. This shows that palynological haracters are helpful in identification of Berberis genus at the species level.

Pollen morphological variation of berberis l. from pakistan and its systemati...

Pollen morphological variation of berberis l. from pakistan and its systemati...

Pollen morphological variation of berberis l. from pakistan and its systemati...

Shujaul Mulk Khan

Similarity Indices are widely applied in the field of ecology to measure species diversity as well as to map patterns of conservation and monitor threats to biodiversity. Among the known, Jaccard’s and Sorensen’s indices are the most frequently employed similarity Indices. Here, we propose a new and efficient statistical approach in the field of ethnobiology and validate its efficacy by comparing the results with predefined similarity Indices used in previous studies. The core objective was to propose a new index for quantitative ethnobiological analyses and to find out solutions for sorting the plants having similar ethnobiological uses in allied, aligned, national and global regions; as the pre-existing indices like Jaccard’s and Sorensen’s indices provides best estimates in the field of ecology but not in ethnobiological studies. In comparative ethnobiological studies, ethnobiologists use conventional ecological tools for evaluation of similarities and dissimilarities. Our proposed similarity index is based on the quantification of similar uses of common medicinal plants via comparing present study with previously published reports from various areas where, the author(s) have used the Sorensen’s index and/or Jaccard’s index. To assess the significance and validity of this newly developed index, similarities and differences in ethnomedicinal studies on medicinal plants in different regions were evaluated. Data regarding medicinal plants usage here was compared with 20 previously published studies and then analyzed through preexisting indices as well as Rahman’s index to examine the novelty in the study. Our preliminary results revealed noteworthy coherence with the existing similarity indices, albeit, the new index was more efficient than the previous. Our comparison revealed, that as far as common vegetation and floral levels are concerned, the existing ecological coefficients of similarity are efficient and precise; but for similarities in the field of medicinal plant studies certain constraints are overcome by the proposed similarity index. Inferences derived from Rahman’s similarity index (RSI) are as reliable as the previously known and well-established similarity indices. Further, RSI specifically targets the ethnobiological similarities, a limitation in Jaccard’s and Sorensen’s indices. Thus, RSI would be a useful tool/index in the assessment of rigorous quantitative ethnobiological data.

A new ethnobiological similarity index for the evaluation of novel use reports

A new ethnobiological similarity index for the evaluation of novel use reports

A new ethnobiological similarity index for the evaluation of novel use reports

Shujaul Mulk Khan

Hec news and views october 2018

Hec news and views october 2018

Hec news and views october 2018

Shujaul Mulk Khan

Dr. Shujaul Mulk Khan, Assistant Professor of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan and Dr. Zia-ur-Rahman Mashwani, Assistant Professor of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan presented their research papers in the World’s largest botanical event ‘XIX International Botanical Congress (IBC 2017)’ that held at Convention and Exhibition Centre, Schenzhen China http://ibc2017.cn/. This event is organized after an interval of five years over the last two centuries. There were 6856 participants from 110 countries in this congress. Presentations of both the Pakistani speakers were highly appreciated by the participants.

Hec news and views august 2017- Participation of Pakistani Researchers in the...

Hec news and views august 2017- Participation of Pakistani Researchers in the...

Hec news and views august 2017- Participation of Pakistani Researchers in the...

Shujaul Mulk Khan

A study was conducted to explore the plant biodiversity and vegetation structure of Biha Valley, District Swat, Pakistan. On the basis of the physiognomy of the vegetation the study area was divided into 19 stands. Line transect (50 m) method was used to sample the phytosociological attributes of the study area. PCORD software (version 5) was used to recognize communities by two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and CANOCO software (version 5) for ordination analysis was done for detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to find variation directories of different plant species. Different life-form classes and leaf size spectra were recorded according to the Raunkiaer classification. The floristic composition of the area consists of 203 plant species belonging to 154 genera and 70 families. The biological spectrum of the area indicated that Therophytes was dominant with 46.60% among the life-classes, followed by Hemicryptophytes having 15.53%. Leaf spectra of study area revealed that Microphylls was dominant (41.26%) followed by Nanophylls (32.04%). Seven plant communities were recognized by TWINSPAN classification, which showed that species diversity decreased with altitude. Moreover, the result indicates the importance of soil organic matter in top soil layers for plant species distribution. The increases in soil nutrients (OM, P, N, and K), improvement in site conditions (community cover, depth of litter, depth of humus, soil water content) and decrease in soil bulk density indicated the natural habitat restoration following abandonment.

Ecological assessment of plant communities along the edaphic and topographic ...

Ecological assessment of plant communities along the edaphic and topographic ...

Ecological assessment of plant communities along the edaphic and topographic ...

Shujaul Mulk Khan

The present research study evaluate and identify the most suitable and high yielding genotypes of Lens culinaris for the salt marsh habitat of Swat in moist temperate sort of agro climatic environment of Pakistan. A total of fourteen genotypes were cultivated and analyzed through Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). These genotypes were AZRC-4, NL-2, NL4, NL-5, NL-6, NARC-11-1, NARC-11-2, NARC-11-3, NARC-11-4, 09503, 09505, 09506, P.Masoor-09 and Markaz-09. Different parameters i.e., germination rate, flowering, physiological maturity, plant height, biological grain yield, seed weight, pods formation and its height, pods per plants and protein content were focused specially throughout the study. Preliminary the Lentil genotypes have significant variability in all the major morpho-agronomic traits. The days to germination, 50% flowering and 100 seed weight ranged from 7 to 9, 110 to 116 days, and from 5.4 to 7.3 gm respectively. Biological yield and grain yield ranged from 5333 to 9777 kg ha−1 and 1933 to 3655 kg ha−1 respectively. Whereas, protein contents ranged from 23.21% to 28.45%. It was concluded that the genotype AZRC-4 is better varity in terms of grain yield plus in 100 seed weight and moreover, 09506 genotype was significant under salt marsh habitat in early maturing for the Swat Valley, Pakistan.

The morpho-agronomic characterization study of Lens culinaris germplasm under...

The morpho-agronomic characterization study of Lens culinaris germplasm under...

The morpho-agronomic characterization study of Lens culinaris germplasm under...

Shujaul Mulk Khan

The present study was conducted to elaborate vegetation composition structure to analyze role of edaphic and topographic factors on plant species distribution and community formation during 2013–14. A mixture of quadrat and transect methods were used. The size of quadrat for trees shrubs and herbs were 10 × 5, 5 × 2, 1 × 1 meter square respectively. Different phytosociological attribute were measured at each station. Primary results reported 123 plant species belong to 46 families. Asteraceae and Lamiaceae were dominant families with 8 species each. PCORD version 5 were used for Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analyses that initiated 4 plant communities within elevation range of 529–700 m from sea level. Indicator species analyses (ISA) were used to identify indicator species of each community. CANOCO Software (version 4.5) was used to measure the influence of edaphic and topographic variables on species composition, diversity and community formation. Whereas Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to measure the effect of environmental variables which showed elevation and aspect were the stronger environmental variable among topographic and CaCO3 contents, electric conductivity, soil pH were the stronger edaphic factors in determination of vegetation and communities of the Bheer Hills. Grazing pressure was one of the main anthropogenic factors in this regard.

Eco-floristic studies of the Beer Hills along the Indus River in the district...

Eco-floristic studies of the Beer Hills along the Indus River in the district...

Eco-floristic studies of the Beer Hills along the Indus River in the district...

Shujaul Mulk Khan

Abstract: In the summers of 2012 and 2013, vegetation of Thandiani in the Western Himalayas of Pakistan was surveyed and quantified. We took evidence from relationships between 252 species and 11 measured environmental factors as well as changes in the associations’ structure among 50 analysed stations with 1500 m2 plots. We analysed how the plant associations differ and develop under the influence of their respective ecological gradients. Preliminary results showed that the family Pinaceae was the most abundant family with a family importance value (FIV) of 1892.4, followed by Rosaceae with FIV = 1478.2. Rosaceae, represented by 20 species, was the most dominant family, followed by Asteraceae and Ranunculaceae with 14 and 12 species each, respectively. Analyses via CANOCO software version 4.5 and GEO database demonstrated strong correlations among species distributions and environmental variables, i.e. elevation, topography, and edaphic factors. Our findings show an increase in species diversity and richness from lower elevation (1290 m at sea level (m asl) to higher elevation (2626 m asl). It is evident that aspect, elevation, and soil factors were the decisive variables affecting qualitative and quantitative attributes of vegetation in the study area. The P value ≤ 0.002 confirms a significant impact of abiotic factors that bring variation in vegetation. A 3D view of the study area was generated in ArcScene showing all the five plant associations. Graphs of scatter plot, point profile, and 3D line profile were added to the layout of plant association maps. The habitats of the five association types overlapped broadly but still retained their specific individuality. The execution of GIS framework gave spatial modelling, which ultimately helped in the recognition of indicator species of specific habitat or association type. These findings could further be utilised in devising the forest policy and conservation management. This study also opens new doors of research in the field of biogeography, systematics, and wildlife.

Ecological gradient analyses of plant associations in the thandiani forests o...

Ecological gradient analyses of plant associations in the thandiani forests o...

Ecological gradient analyses of plant associations in the thandiani forests o...

Shujaul Mulk Khan

The current analyses of vegetation were aimed to study the different effects of environmental variables on plant species and communities and their combined interactions to these variables, identified threats to local vegetation and suggestion for remedial measures in the Mount Eelum, Swat, Pakistan. For assessment of environmental variability quantitative ecological techniques were used through quadrats having sizes of 2 × 2, 5 × 5 and 10 × 10 m2 for herbs, shrubs and trees respectively. Result of the present study revealed 124 plant species in the study area. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to analyze the ecological gradient of vegetation. The environmental data and species abundance were used in CANOCO software version 4.5. The presence absence data of plant species were elaborated with Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analysis techniques using PC-ORD version 5 to show different species composition that resulted in five plant communities. Findings indicate that elevation, aspect and soil texture are the strongest variables that have significant effect on species composition and distribution of various communities shown with P value 0.0500. It is recommended to protect and use sensibly whole of the Flora normally and rare species particularly in the region.

Plant species and communities assessment in interaction with edaphic and topo...

Plant species and communities assessment in interaction with edaphic and topo...

Plant species and communities assessment in interaction with edaphic and topo...

Shujaul Mulk Khan

Weeds are unwanted plant species growing in ordinary environment. In nature there are a total of 8000 weed species out of which 250 are important for agriculture world. The present study was carried out on weed species composition and distribution pattern with special reference to edaphic factor and farming practices in maize crop of District Mardan during the months of August and September, 2014. Quadrates methods were used to assess weed species distribution in relation to edaphic factor and farming practices. Phytosociological attributes such as frequency, relative frequency, density, relative density and Importance Values were measured by placing 9 quadrates (1 × 1 m2) randomly in each field. Initial results showed that the study area has 29 diverse weed species belonging to 27 genera and 15 families distributed in 585 quadrats. Presence and absence data sheet of 29 weed species and 65 fields were analyzed through PC-ORD version 5. Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analyses initiated four different weed communities with significant indicator species and with respect to underlying environmental variables using data attribute plots. Canonical Correspondence Analyses (CCA) of CANOCO software version 4.5 was used to assess the environmental gradients of weed species. It is concluded that among all the edaphic factors the strongest variables were higher concentration of potassium, organic matter and sandy nature of soil. CCA plots of both weed species and sampled fields based on questionnaire data concluded the farming practices such as application of fertilizers, irrigation and chemical spray were the main factors in determination of weed communities.

Weed species composition and distribution pattern in the maize crop under the...

Weed species composition and distribution pattern in the maize crop under the...

Weed species composition and distribution pattern in the maize crop under the...

Shujaul Mulk Khan

Weeds are unwanted plant species growing in the domesticated crops. Like other crops maize also faces the problem of competition with weeds. Severe loses in yield up to 70% of maize have been reported in small scale farming due to weeds. Composition and abundance of weeds is influenced by a number of environmental variables as well as farming practices in an ecosystem. Present study was formulated to measure the effect of environmental variables on weed species composition, abundance, distribution pattern and formation of various weeds communities in District Mardan, Pakistan. Phytosociological attributes such as density, frequency, relative density, relative frequency and Importance Values were measured for each field.Presence absence data of 29 species and 65 fields were analyzed using Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analyses via PC-ORD version 5 that resulted in four major weed communities. CANOCO software version 4.5 was used to evaluate the environmental gradients of weeds through Canonical Correspondence Analyses (CCA). Results showed that among all environmental variables the strongest variables were CaCO3, high phosphorous concentration, and higher electric conductivity.

Weed species distribution pattern in maize crop of mardan, pakistan

Weed species distribution pattern in maize crop of mardan, pakistan

Weed species distribution pattern in maize crop of mardan, pakistan

Shujaul Mulk Khan

This study quantified the effect of environmental variables on plant species composition in the Peochar Valley, located in the Hindu Raj mountains of the Hindu Kush. A mixture of quadrat and transect methods were used. Quadrat sizes were 10 × 10 m, 2 × 5 m, and 1 m2 for trees, shrubs, and herbs, respectively, determined using the minimal area method. Twenty-seven stations were established along 6 elevation transects on slopes with various aspects. Density, cover, and frequency were recorded for all species in each quadrat. Aspect, elevation, rock types, soil nature, and grazing pressure were also considered as edaphic and topographic variables. Preliminary results showed that the Peochar Valley hosts 120 species. Presence/absence data for these species were analyzed with cluster and 2-way cluster techniques to elaborate species composition in the study area; this resulted in 4 plant communities. Species abundance and environmental data matrices were developed to evaluate the ecological gradient of vegetation through canonical correspondence analysis. Of the environmental variables, elevation, aspect, grazing pressure, soil depth, and rock type showed a significant effect on species composition and diversity. We also identified the dominant and rare plant species in each plant community based on their low importance value indexes. Conservation measures are recommended for all flora of this valley and for rare species in particular.

Ecological assessment of plant communities in the peochar valley of the hindu...

Ecological assessment of plant communities in the peochar valley of the hindu...

Ecological assessment of plant communities in the peochar valley of the hindu...

Shujaul Mulk Khan

BACKGROUND: Limited health facilities and malnutrition are major problems in the Karakorum Range of Northern Pakistan, often resulting in various human disorders. Since centuries, however, local communities in these areas have developed traditional methods for treating various ailments and local foods capes that can be significant for devising public health and nutritional policies. This study was intended to document the ethnobotanical knowledge of the local peoples in the Tormik Valley, especially in the medical and food domains. METHODS: Field trips were undertaken in 14 different villages of the study area from 2010 to 2012. Ethnobotanical data were gathered using semi-structured interviews and group conversation with 69 informants. Details about local uses of plant species were recorded along with demographic characteristics of the visited communities. Relative frequency citation index (RFCi) and preference ranking index (PRi) tools were applied to determine the cultural significance of the reported species. RESULTS: Sixty-three plant species, with a predominance of Asteraceae and Fabaceae family members, as well as their detailed folk uses were documented. Forty-three percent of the species were used to treat various diseases, 21 % were consumed as wild fruits and vegetables and 53 % of the species had multipurpose applications. Thymus linearis Benth, Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. turkestanica L. and Convolvulus arvensis L. were found to be the most utilized medicinal plant species, i.e. those with significant RFCi values (0.54, 0.51 and 0.48, respectively). Betula utilis D. Don was the most versatile taxon (seven different ways of utilization); being this species a common and easily accessible subalpine tree and then under anthropogenic pressure, the implementation of concrete strategies aimed at its in-situ and ex-situ conservation is strongly recommended. CONCLUSION: The valleys in the Karakorum Mountains in the Northern Pakistan host significant Traditional Knowledge on local food and medicinal plant species, which need to be reconsidered and cautiously re-evaluated by ethnopharmacologists, and public health/nutrition actors. Furthermore, germane trans-disciplinary investigations are suggested to ensure the dynamic conservation of precious local knowledge systems, as well as plant diversity in Pakistani mountain regions. KEYWORDS: Ethnobotany; Indigenous knowledge; Karakorum; Medicinal plants; Pakistan

Ethnobotany of the balti community, tormik valley, karakorum range, baltistan...

Ethnobotany of the balti community, tormik valley, karakorum range, baltistan...

Ethnobotany of the balti community, tormik valley, karakorum range, baltistan...

Shujaul Mulk Khan

Ghazal by shuja husan

Ghazal by shuja husan

Ghazal by shuja husan

Shujaul Mulk Khan

Fragaria ananassa (Duchesne ex Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier (Strawberry) variety chandler of Agriculture Research Station (ARS) Baffa, Mansehra was evaluated for different growth and yield parameters under five treatments. In this experiment Potassium was used in 5 different treatments of 3 replications (T0 = Control, T1 = 200 g/6.75m², T2 = 400 g/6.75m², T3 = 600 g/6.75m², T4 = 800 g/6.75m²). The results showed maximum value under T3 (405g/6.75m²) for characteristics like survival percentage (83.54%), plant height (32.05cm), canopy size (13.62cm), crown diameter (2.73cm), number of branches (35.83), number of leaves (67.00), leaf length (5.87cm), root length (3.51cm), total number of fruits (43.93), days to 50% fruiting (233.67), fruit diameter (3.96cm), fruit weight (411.40g). Moreover, transplanting date (20th Sep, 2013) is suitable to get maximum yield of strawberry variety “Chandler”. The findings of this experiment showed that great variations in morphological, physical and agronomic traits of strawberry variety and can be utilized to develop high yield and better quality of strawberry.

The effect of potassium on growth and yield of strawberry (FRAGARIA ANANASSA ...

The effect of potassium on growth and yield of strawberry (FRAGARIA ANANASSA ...

The effect of potassium on growth and yield of strawberry (FRAGARIA ANANASSA ...

Shujaul Mulk Khan

Abstract Questions Does the plant species composition of Thandiani sub Forests Division (TsFD) correlate with edaphic, topographic and climatic variables? Is it possible to identify different plant communities in relation to environmental gradients with special emphasis on indicator species? Can this approach to vegetation classification support conservation planning? Location Thandiani sub Forests Division, Western Himalayas. Methods Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of species along with environmental variables were measured using a randomly stratified design to identify the major plant communities and indicator species of the Thandiani sub Forests Division. Species composition was recorded in 10 × 2.5 × 2 and 0.5 × 0.5 m square plots for trees, shrubs and herbs, respectively. GPS, edaphic and topographic data were also recorded for each sample plot. A total of 1500 quadrats were established in 50 sampling stations along eight altitudinal transects encompassing eastern, western, northern and southern aspects (slopes). The altitudinal range of the study area was 1290 m to 2626 m above sea level using. The relationships between species composition and environmental variables were analyzed using Two Way Cluster Analysis (TWCA) and Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) via PCORD version 5. Results A total of 252 plant species belonging to 97 families were identified. TWCA and ISA recognized five plant communities. ISA additionally revealed that mountain slope aspect, soil pH and soil electrical conductivity were the strongest environmental factors (p ≤ 0.05) determining plant community composition and indicator species in each habitat. The results also show the strength of the environment-species relationship using Monte Carlo procedures. Conclusions An analysis of vegetation along an environmental gradient in the Thandiani sub Forests Division using the Braun-Blanquet approach confirmed by robust tools of multivariate statistics identified indicators of each sort of microclimatic zones/vegetation communities which could further be used in conservation planning and management not only in the area studied but in the adjacent regions exhibit similar sort of environmental conditions.

Vegetation mapping and multivariate approach to indicator species of a forest...

Vegetation mapping and multivariate approach to indicator species of a forest...

Vegetation mapping and multivariate approach to indicator species of a forest...

Shujaul Mulk Khan

Weeds are unwanted plant species growing in natural environment. Composition and abundance of weeds are influenced by number of environmental variables as well as farming practices in an ecosystem. Present study was formulated to measure the effect of environmental variables on weed species composition, abundance, distribution pattern and formation of various weeds communities in Union Council Shahbaz Ghari (total area 3956 ha, Agriculture land 1701 ha), District Mardan. Quantitative ecological techniques by adapting quadrat method were used to assess environmental variability and weed species distribution in the targeted region. Nine quadrats of 1×1 m2 size were placed randomly in 65 different fields of the UC. Phytosociological attributes such as density, frequency, relative density, relative frequency and Importance Values were measured for each field. Preliminary results showed that UC Shahbaz Ghari has 29 different weed species belong to 15 different families. Presence absence (1,0) data of 29 species and 65 fields were analyzed using Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analysesvia PC-ORD version 5 resulting four major weed communities. Dominant weed species of the area are Cyperus rotundus, Urochloa panicoides, Brachiaria ramosa, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Commelina benghalensis and Canvolvulus arvensis while Cannabis sativa, Ipomea purpurea, Amaranthus blitoides, Xanthium strumarium, Lactuca dissecta and Cucurbita maxima are rare weed species. Indicator Species Analyses (ISA) of data identified indicators of each sort of micro environmental condition. Based on our findings, it is recommended that awareness can be created among farmers especially about their farming practices to minimize noxious weeds of maize crop Key words: Cluster analyses, indicator species analyses, maize, PC-ORD, weeds and Weed communities.

INDICATOR SPECIES ANALYSES OF WEED COMMUNITIES OF MAIZE CROP IN DISTRICT MARD...

INDICATOR SPECIES ANALYSES OF WEED COMMUNITIES OF MAIZE CROP IN DISTRICT MARD...

INDICATOR SPECIES ANALYSES OF WEED COMMUNITIES OF MAIZE CROP IN DISTRICT MARD...

Shujaul Mulk Khan

Drop in groundwater levels is threat to pakistan's survival

Drop in groundwater levels is threat to pakistan's survival

Drop in groundwater levels is threat to pakistan's survival

Shujaul Mulk Khan

Acknowledgement of manuscript reviewers 2015- Journal of Ethnobiology and Eth...

Acknowledgement of manuscript reviewers 2015- Journal of Ethnobiology and Eth...

Acknowledgement of manuscript reviewers 2015- Journal of Ethnobiology and Eth...

Shujaul Mulk Khan

Plus de Shujaul Mulk Khan (20)

The indispensable bond between mazri palm (nannorrhops ritchiana) and the ind...

The indispensable bond between mazri palm (nannorrhops ritchiana) and the ind...

The indispensable bond between mazri palm (nannorrhops ritchiana) and the ind...

Pollen morphological variation of berberis l. from pakistan and its systemati...

Pollen morphological variation of berberis l. from pakistan and its systemati...

Pollen morphological variation of berberis l. from pakistan and its systemati...

A new ethnobiological similarity index for the evaluation of novel use reports

A new ethnobiological similarity index for the evaluation of novel use reports

A new ethnobiological similarity index for the evaluation of novel use reports

Hec news and views october 2018

Hec news and views october 2018

Hec news and views october 2018

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Hec news and views august 2017- Participation of Pakistani Researchers in the...

Hec news and views august 2017- Participation of Pakistani Researchers in the...

Ecological assessment of plant communities along the edaphic and topographic ...

Ecological assessment of plant communities along the edaphic and topographic ...

Ecological assessment of plant communities along the edaphic and topographic ...

The morpho-agronomic characterization study of Lens culinaris germplasm under...

The morpho-agronomic characterization study of Lens culinaris germplasm under...

The morpho-agronomic characterization study of Lens culinaris germplasm under...

Eco-floristic studies of the Beer Hills along the Indus River in the district...

Eco-floristic studies of the Beer Hills along the Indus River in the district...

Eco-floristic studies of the Beer Hills along the Indus River in the district...

Ecological gradient analyses of plant associations in the thandiani forests o...

Ecological gradient analyses of plant associations in the thandiani forests o...

Ecological gradient analyses of plant associations in the thandiani forests o...

Plant species and communities assessment in interaction with edaphic and topo...

Plant species and communities assessment in interaction with edaphic and topo...

Plant species and communities assessment in interaction with edaphic and topo...

Weed species composition and distribution pattern in the maize crop under the...

Weed species composition and distribution pattern in the maize crop under the...

Weed species composition and distribution pattern in the maize crop under the...

Weed species distribution pattern in maize crop of mardan, pakistan

Weed species distribution pattern in maize crop of mardan, pakistan

Weed species distribution pattern in maize crop of mardan, pakistan

Ecological assessment of plant communities in the peochar valley of the hindu...

Ecological assessment of plant communities in the peochar valley of the hindu...

Ecological assessment of plant communities in the peochar valley of the hindu...

Ethnobotany of the balti community, tormik valley, karakorum range, baltistan...

Ethnobotany of the balti community, tormik valley, karakorum range, baltistan...

Ethnobotany of the balti community, tormik valley, karakorum range, baltistan...

Ghazal by shuja husan

Ghazal by shuja husan

Ghazal by shuja husan

The effect of potassium on growth and yield of strawberry (FRAGARIA ANANASSA ...

The effect of potassium on growth and yield of strawberry (FRAGARIA ANANASSA ...

The effect of potassium on growth and yield of strawberry (FRAGARIA ANANASSA ...

Vegetation mapping and multivariate approach to indicator species of a forest...

Vegetation mapping and multivariate approach to indicator species of a forest...

Vegetation mapping and multivariate approach to indicator species of a forest...

INDICATOR SPECIES ANALYSES OF WEED COMMUNITIES OF MAIZE CROP IN DISTRICT MARD...

INDICATOR SPECIES ANALYSES OF WEED COMMUNITIES OF MAIZE CROP IN DISTRICT MARD...

INDICATOR SPECIES ANALYSES OF WEED COMMUNITIES OF MAIZE CROP IN DISTRICT MARD...

Drop in groundwater levels is threat to pakistan's survival

Drop in groundwater levels is threat to pakistan's survival

Drop in groundwater levels is threat to pakistan's survival

Acknowledgement of manuscript reviewers 2015- Journal of Ethnobiology and Eth...

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Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx

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Klinik_ Apotek Onlin 085657271886 Solusi Menggugurkan Masalah Kehamilan Anda Jual Obat Aborsi Asli KLINIK ABORSI TERPEECAYA _ Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec Misoprostol Asli 100% Ampuh Hanya 3 Jam Langsung Gugur || OBAT PENGGUGUR KANDUNGAN AMPUH MANJUR OBAT ABORSI OLINE" APOTIK Jual Obat Cytotec, Gastrul, Gynecoside Asli Ampuh. JUAL ” Obat Aborsi Tuntas | Obat Aborsi Manjur | Obat Aborsi Ampuh | Obat Penggugur Janin | Obat Pencegah Kehamilan | Obat Pelancar Haid | Obat terlambat Bulan | Ciri Obat Aborsi Asli | Obat Telat Bulan | Pil Aborsi Asli | Cara Menggugurkan Konten | Cara Aborsi Tuntas | Harga Obat Aborsi Asli | Pil Aborsi | Jual Obat Aborsi Cytotec | Cara Aborsi Sendiri | Cara Aborsi Usia 1 Bulan | Cara Aborsi Usia 2 Tahun | Cara Aborsi Usia 3 Bulan | Obat Aborsi Usia 4 Bulan | Cara Abrasi Usia 5 Bulan | Cara Menggugurkan Konten | Kandungan Obat Penggugur | Cara Menghitung Usia Konten | Cara Mengatasi Terlambat Bulan | Penjual Obat Aborsi Asli | Obat Aborsi Garansi | Kandungan Obat Peluntur | Obat Telat Datang Bulan | Obat Telat Haid | Obat Aborsi Paling Murah | Klinik Jual Obat Aborsi | Jual Pil Cytotec | Apotik Jual Obat Aborsi | Kandungan Dokter Abrasi | Cara Aborsi Cepat | Jual Obat Aborsi Bergaransi | Jual Obat Cytotec Asli | Obat Aborsi Aman Manjur | Obat Misoprostol Cytotec Asli. "APA ITU ABORSI" “Aborsi Adalah dengan membendung hormon yang di perlukan untuk mempertahankan kehamilan yaitu hormon progesteron, karena hormon ini dibendung, maka jalur kehamilan mulai membuka dan leher rahim menjadi melunak,sehingga mengeluarkan darah yang merupakan tanda bahwa obat telah bekerja || maksimal 1 jam obat diminum || PENJELASAN OBAT ABORSI USIA 1 _7 BULAN Pada usia kandungan ini, pasien akan merasakan sakit yang sedikit tidak berlebihan || sekitar 1 jam ||. namun hanya akan terjadi pada saatdarah keluar merupakan pertanda menstruasi. Hal ini dikarenakan pada usiakandungan 3 bulan,janin sudah terbentuk sebesar kepalan tangan orang dewasa. Cara kerja obat aborsi : JUAL OBAT ABORSI AMPUH dosis 3 bulan secara umum sama dengan cara kerja || DOSIS OBAT ABORSI 2 bulan”, hanya berbedanya selain mengisolasijanin juga menghancurkan janin dengan formula methotrexate dikandungdidalamnya. Formula methotrexate ini sangat ampuh untuk menghancurkan janinmenjadi serpihan-serpihan kecil akan sangat berguna pada saat dikeluarkan nanti. APA ALASAN WANITA MELAKUKAN ABORSI? Aborsi di lakukan wanita hamil baik yang sudah menikah maupun belum menikah dengan berbagai alasan , akan tetapi alasan yang utama adalah alasan-alasan non medis (termasuk aborsi sendiri / di sengaja/ buatan] MELAYANI PEMESANAN OBAT ABORSI SETIAP HARI, SIAP KIRIM KESELURUH KOTA BESAR DI INDONESIA DAN LUAR NEGERI. HUBUNGI PEMESANAN LEBIH NYAMAN VIA WA/: 085657271886

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Explore the world of IT certification with CompTIA. Discover how the CompTIA Security+ Book SY0-701 can elevate your cybersecurity expertise and open doors to new career opportunities. This PDF provides essential insights into the CompTIA Security+ certification, guiding you through exam preparation and showcasing the benefits of becoming CompTIA-certified. Download now to embark on your journey to IT excellence with CompTIA.

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Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? webinar Thursday 2 May 2024 A joint webinar created by the APM Enabling Change and APM People Interest Networks, this is the third of our three part series on Making Communications Land. presented by Ian Cribbes, Director, IMC&T Ltd @cribbesheet The link to the write up page and resources of this webinar: https://www.apm.org.uk/news/making-communications-land-are-they-received-and-understood-as-intended-webinar/ Content description: How do we ensure that what we have communicated was received and understood as we intended and how do we course correct if it has not.

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Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...

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This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.

This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.

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