The document discusses the history and structure of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). It notes that the FBI was originally formed in 1870 as a law enforcement agency, but took on domestic intelligence activities in 1930. Over time, the FBI's priorities have shifted to include counterterrorism and organized crime. However, the document outlines several issues with the FBI's structure and processes that hindered its effectiveness as a domestic intelligence agency, such as a lack of information sharing, inefficient organization, and competing priorities between law enforcement and intelligence functions. It recommends reforms to improve the FBI's domestic intelligence capabilities, including restructuring the organization, enhancing information analysis, and increasing coordination with other intelligence agencies.

1. Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2001
Team 4
Avishekh Kumar Singh MP13020
Chandra Bhushan MP13022
Manoj Kumar MP13033
Shwet Kashyap MP13057

2. • Formed in 1870 basically as law enforcement agency
• FBI reside within executive branch and DOJ
• FBI Director reported to Attorney General working under functional structure
• 1930 domestic intelligence activity included under FBI
• Declared 1998 counterterrorism as top priority but low resource allocation
Federal Bureau of Investigation
FBI Director Major Action
J Edger
(1936-1972)
• Management practices like performance appraisal
• 30 Field offices, National academy
• Evolved as independent agency
Clarence Kelly (1973-1978) • Counter terrorism, Organised Crime & white collar crime
William Webster (1978-
1987)
• Inclusion of counterterrorism, Illegal drug offenses
Freeh (1993-2000) • Counterterrorism wing in HQ of FBI, job rotation
between FBI & CIA
Mueller (2001 0nward) • Re-organisation & improved coordination between FBI
and other intelligence agency
• Emphasis on terrorism and public corruption

3. Law Enforcement Agency Domestic Intelligence Agency
Arresting, prosecuting & Convicting
People
Gather Information & Investigation
Solving Crimes by acting after criminal act
occur
Preventing Crimes by anticipating threat
and stopping before it act
Their activity is all about related to past
incidence which already occurred
Their activity is all anticipating possibility
of any incidence may occur in advance
Autonomy given for solving criminal cases
to FO
Power with the HQ and permission
required for any activity to FO. “Mother
May I” philosophy
Guideline and deadline define for each
case
No such clarity
Domestic intelligence capability
Critical components for effective domestic intelligence services
• Efficient Organizational structure,
• Information sharing, and
• Oversight & Reach

4. Head Quarter (HQ)
• Approx 10000 people work in HQ
& complex structure
• Oversaw and coordination by
Priority setting
• Performance measurement of
field officers in terms of nos. of
arrest, indictment, conviction
which makes ineffective to DIS
• Coordination was not effective
• Central Services(Forensic labs) ,
Strategic analysis ,facilitating
services to counterterrorism.
Field Officer (FO)
• Approx 18000 people in field
offices
• More interested in criminal
law related case solving
• Fast acting and immediate
result gives more pleasure
• SAC lead the field work and
powerful position, allocate
cases & decide priority, mostly
unjustified priority
• Least care about counter
terrorism
Role of Headquarter & Field officer

5. • Basic hiring and promotion is based on law enforcement function, Most of
field officer mostly interested in criminal preventing wing
• Lack in processing available information and keep it as a secret rather than
arresting terrorist
• Too much bureaucratise making it inefficient and lack in sharing
information
• Inadequate information technology made the Bureau unable to correlate
the knowledge possessed
• Lack of synergy and Competition between law enforcement and
intelligence for resources allocation
• Low efficient in collection and providing intelligence to decision makers.
• FBI & CIA do not talk to each other
• Poor quality information collection and lack in training in staff for analysis
• Lack of coordination between field officers and HQ
• Unattractive compensation package was keeping motivation low
FBI Present Function- OFI

6. • Basic established process : Collection - > Analysis -> Dissemination -
>feedback
• US is much larger country & Terrorism threat is much different in US as
compared to other countries.
• New agency will be costly & new bureaucracy to duplicate capabilities
that already existed
• End to end solution can be provided by creating synergy in collecting
and passing information from intelligence wing to law enforcement
wing
• Counter-terrorism, Counter-intelligence, and Intelligence services are
integral part of the FBI
• Availability of resources and capability in term of skilled person,
specialist
• Good history in terms of solving critical crime with the help of pioneer
technology
Domestic intelligence: as a part of FBI

7. • FBI has to reinvent itself to meet the requisite in present scenario of
terrorism
• Organisation structure to be made cross functional structure than silo
type functional structure
• Performance measurement system to be aligned as per job profile
• Retention of talent pool with attractive compensation
• Layering of intelligence report based on its confidence level and
maturity.
• Visibility of these layered information to Counter Terrorism Division.
• Higher rigor on analytical tools for information analysis
• Upgrade data communication IT infrastructure & high speed data
communication network on dedicated line which may more supportive
for investigation team
• Single information FBI analyst to asses the threat environment. One
data portal system to be used for all purpose.
• More coordination with other intelligence wing like CIA and sharing of
threat information among all partners
• Strengthening and deployment of FISA
Improvements Recommended