this ppt include all the major types of terrorism

1. VIT CAMPUS
VIVEKANANAD INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – EAST
TERRORISM
Created by :-
SHYAM SUNDER SAHANI

2. Terrorism
 Terrorism is defined simply as any act designed to cause terror
 Terrorism is the threat or use of violence against civilians to draw attention to an issue.
 Terrorism refers only to those violent acts which are intended to create fear (terror), are
perpetrated for an ideological goal (as opposed to a lone attack), and deliberately target
or disregard the safety of civilians.
 Terrorism is not new, and even though it has been used since the beginning of recorded
history it can be relatively hard to define. Terrorism has been described variously as both
a tactic and strategy; a crime and a holy duty
 Terrorist = someone who engages in terrorism

3. Types Of Terrorism
State Terrorism
 State terrorism is the systematic use of terror by a government in order to
control its population.
 state terrorism is entirely carried out by the group holding power in a country
and not a non-governmental organization. It is the original form of terrorism.
Examples: One could look to the use of
Violence by Saddam Hussein against
the Kurds or even the suppression of
democratic protestors in Syria.

4. Religious Terrorism
 Terrorism can be motivated by religious ideologies and grievances.
 Religious terrorism is particularly dangerous due to the fanaticism of those who
practice it and their willingness to sacrifice themselves for the cause.
 Religious terrorists are more likely to use “all in” tactics such as suicide
bombings.
 This is made possible by religious teachings used to justify and even
encourage this kind of self-sacrifice
Examples: Al-Qaeda is perhaps the most prominent
e example of a group that can be characterized as r
e eligious terrorists. As well religious terrorism has a
l long history from Catholic-Protestant violence in
r ireland to Muslim-Hindu tensions in Pakistan and India.

5. Right Wing Terrorism
 This type of terrorism aims to combat liberal governments and preserve
traditional social orders.
 Right Wing terrorism is commonly characterized by militias and gangs; many
times these groups are racially motivated and aim to marginalize minorities within
a state
Examples: Modern right wing terrorist groups include the Klu Klux Klan and Neo-
Fascists. Many such groups are present not only in the U.S. but also in Germany,
Russia, and others. Foreign Affairs has published an article titled A Nazi Legacy:
Right-Wing Extremism In Postwar Germany.

6. Left Wing Terrorism
These groups seek to overthrow capitalist democracies and establish socialist or
communist governments in their place. They want to attack the established system in
order to do away with class distinction. While these groups still exist they are not as
prominent as they were during the Cold War.
Examples: The Revolutionary People’s Liberation Party-Front in Turkey,
Revolutionary Organization 17 November in Greece, and The Revolutionary Armed
Forces of Columbia (FARC) are all current examples of left wing terrorist groups.

7. Pathological Terrorism
 This describes the use of terrorism by individuals who utilize such strategies for
the sheer joy of terrorizing others.
 Pathological terrorists often operate alone rather in groups like the others on this
list and often are not true ‘terrorists’ as they lack any well-defined political motive.
Examples: Pathological terrorism is most commonly seen in school shootings and
serial killing scenarios. The shootings at Columbine High School and of
Congresswoman Gabby Giffords all serve as examples of pathological terrorism
since those who carried them out sought to use violence to terrorize for their own
pleasure.

8. Issue Oriented Terrorism
 This type of terrorism is carried out for the purpose of advancing a specific
issue.
 Commonly these issues are social in nature or deal with the environment. Here
this definition is used to include environmental terrorism.
Examples: The bombings of abortion clinics and the assault of whaling ships are
the best examples of issue-oriented terrorism. Perhaps the best documented
example of an ecoterror group is the Environmental Liberation Front (ELF) due to
their attacks on ski resorts and logging operations.

9. Separatist Terrorism
 Separatists seek to cause fragmentation within a country and establishment a new
state.
 This type of terrorism is typical of minorities within a nationn-state that desire their
own, commonly due to discrimination from the majority group.
Examples: The most prominent examples are the ETA Basque separatists in Spain, the
Chechen terrorists in Chechnya, the Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka, the Kurdish PKK in
Turkey, and the Quebec Liberation Front in Canada.

10. Narco-Terrorism
 This term originally refers to organizations that gain funds through the sale of
drugs.
 It can also deal with the use of violence by those groups or gangs designed to
make the sale of their drugs easier.
Examples: The cartels in Mexico have carried out beheadings, mass burials, and
other severe acts of violence. Many times this violence is carried out to intimidate
populations into not cooperating with authorities. Pablo Escobar also enacted the
assassinations of Colombian politicians during the height of his power in order to
intimidate the government into not
interfering with his drug trafficking
activity.

11. GOALS AND MOTIVATIONS OF
TERRORISM
 Produce widespread fear
 Obtain worldwide, national, or local recognition for their cause by attracting the
attention of the media
 Harass, weaken, or embarrass government security forces so that the
government overreacts and appears repressive
 Steal or extort money and equipment, especially weapons and ammunition
vital to the operation of their group
 Destroy facilities or disrupt lines of communication in order to create doubt that
the government can provide for and protect its citizens
 Discourage foreign investments, tourism, or assistance programs that can
affect the target country’s economy and support of the government in power
 Free prisoners & Satisfy vengeance

12. FACTORS OF TERRORISM
1. Extreme Poverty
2. Unequal Distribution of Resources
3. Economic Exploitation
4. Over-Population
5. Illiteracy
6. Unemployment
7. Imbalance Opportunity Structure
8. Weak Social Bonds
9. Political Instability
10. Social Imbalance & Regional Disparities

13. EFFECTIVE WAYS TO REDUCE
TERRORISM
1. Poverty alleviation: poverty seems to be the major cause of terrorism. Lack of
resources to make ends meet have triggered in growing this menace. Strong
and effective efforts are required to reduce poverty. It is poverty which forces
people to join terrorism. Masterminds are using terrorists to commit heinous
crimes and convince them for suicidal attacks motivating them to going to
heaven after killing innocent people.
2. Reduce unemployment: unemployment is also one of the main causes that
help increase terrorism. When people are unemployed, they don’t find opportunities
to get a job to support their families and eventually they are made pawns in the
hands of terrorists. Terrorists offer such people a huge amount of money and
guarantee supporting their families when they kill people according to their wishes.

14.  3. End Injustice: There is a lot of injustice almost everywhere especially in the
third world countries like in the tribal belt between Afghanistan & Pakistan, the
situation is very disturbing in terms of obtaining justice. People cannot get speedy
justice. Injustice in the system has supported in increasing terrorism and
therefore people take laws in their hands. In Pakistan, people generally have lost
trust in judicial and police system. There is much injustice almost everywhere.
 4. Corruption: Corruption in our system is increasing day by day. Political
leaders especially in the third world countries seem to have no concern with the
economic problems and terrorism and they are busy in making money through
unfair means. They believe that they won’t be able to get next chance to come in
power.
 5. Lack of Education: Lack of education generally force young generation to join
the hands of anti-social elements. There is a dire need to create opportunities for
people so that they could educate their children. If people are given education at
free of cost, or even minimizing the costs the trend of tilting towards extremism
and terrorism can be reduced.

15. Any
Query ?

16. Thank You