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Lipids return to  home page    ליפידים מגוון קבוצות כימיות אשר אינן נמסות במים אך נמסות בסולבנטים אורגניים  ( כלורופורם ,  מתנול ) Amphipathic :  have  hydrophilic   and  hydrophobic  parts.
Lipids  see also   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Hierarchy of lipids
Fatty Acids
Lipids   ליפידים
 
 
 
חומצות שומן
 
Nomenclature  for saturated fatty acids  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Physical Properties 1 .  The melting temperature depends on the length of the acyl chain. This van der Waals interaction is reduced in fatty acids with cis double bonds, causing a reduction in the melting temperature.
 
Physical Properties 1 .  The melting temperature depends on the length of the acyl chain. This van der Waals interaction is reduced in fatty acids with cis double bonds, causing a reduction in the melting temperature.  2. Fatty acids form  micelles , aggregates of fatty acids with a polar (charged) surface and a hydrophobic, waterless, interior.  3. The non-polar interior can dissolve hydrophobic compounds (oily 'dirt').
 
 
Triglycerides
 
Triglycerides ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
sn-1-palmitoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-phosphatidylserine. (also known as dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl serine, abbr. DPPS)
Phospholipids Net Charge ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
ספינגוזין משמש כבסיס לספינגוליפיד ספינגוליפיד מכיל ספינגוזין הקשור לחש”ן  16-26   פחמנים
 
 
.  In  Glycerophospholipids Two fatty acids plus phosphate attached to glycerol.  Various head groups are attached to the phosphate, giving a diverse set of lipids:  The nomenclature indicates the type of fatty acid attached to the 1 and 2 positions of glycerol as well as the type of head group on the phosphate:  Sphingomyelin  &  cerebrosides  f ound in peripheral nerve (sphingomyelin) and central nerve (cerbroside) cell membranes.  In cerbrosides, the phosphate group is replaced by    -1 linkage to galactose
 
כולסטרול וסטרואידים
 
 
פרוסטגלנדינים תרכובות האחראיות לתגובות פיסיולוגיות רבות . מיוצרות בכמויות קטנות ביותר ובעלות זמן מחצית חיים קצרה קשה למחקר . דומות להורמונים בכך שמפעילות רקמות שונות אך מיוצרות בכל הרקמות ומשפיעות ברקמה בה מיוצרות . מהמזון  -  פרקורסור ליצירת פרוסטגלנדין היא ח .  שומן הכרחית  -  ח .  לינולאית  ( ק”כ 15, 12, 9  -  18:3 ) ח .  ארכידונית   ( Arachidonic Acid)  פרקורסור עיקרי   ( 14, 11, 8, 5   20:4 )
נקשרים לרצפטורים ע”פ תאים קיימים לפחות  16  פרוסטגלנדינים שונים המחולקים ל - 9  קבוצות   PGA, PGB  וכו’ עד   PGI. מיוצרים ע”י סוגי תאים רבים ומפורקים במהירות . בין הפעילויות : * השפעה על הורמונים שונים * שקיעת לוחיות דם והדבקה לדפנות כלי דם  ( השפעה  על קרישת דם וריפוי פצעים ).  * כווץ שרירים חלקים ,  הרפיית שרירים חלקים  ( לידה  למשל ).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Phospholipids forms bilayers (two opposing layers of phospholipids ) instead of micelles because the cross section of the head group is roughly equal to the cross section of the 2 fatty acid chains.  The bilayers form closed, water filled, vesicles with a 6-8 nm wall Properties of Lipid Bilayers Permeability properties  of bilayers are due in part to the asymmetry of the outer and inner layers. Compounds that dissolve more readily in oil have higher permeability. Charged compounds do not cross the bilayer .
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
ממברנות ביולוגיות
ממברנות ביולוגיות ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ממברנות ביולוגיות תפקידי הממברנות

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Basic lipids

  • 1. Lipids return to home page ליפידים מגוון קבוצות כימיות אשר אינן נמסות במים אך נמסות בסולבנטים אורגניים ( כלורופורם , מתנול ) Amphipathic : have hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.
  • 2.
  • 3.  
  • 4.  
  • 7. Lipids ליפידים
  • 8.  
  • 9.  
  • 10.  
  • 12.  
  • 13.
  • 14.  
  • 15. Physical Properties 1 . The melting temperature depends on the length of the acyl chain. This van der Waals interaction is reduced in fatty acids with cis double bonds, causing a reduction in the melting temperature. 2. Fatty acids form micelles , aggregates of fatty acids with a polar (charged) surface and a hydrophobic, waterless, interior. 3. The non-polar interior can dissolve hydrophobic compounds (oily 'dirt').
  • 16.  
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  • 19.  
  • 20.
  • 21.  
  • 22.  
  • 23.  
  • 24. sn-1-palmitoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-phosphatidylserine. (also known as dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl serine, abbr. DPPS)
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27. ספינגוזין משמש כבסיס לספינגוליפיד ספינגוליפיד מכיל ספינגוזין הקשור לחש”ן 16-26 פחמנים
  • 28.  
  • 29.  
  • 30. . In Glycerophospholipids Two fatty acids plus phosphate attached to glycerol. Various head groups are attached to the phosphate, giving a diverse set of lipids: The nomenclature indicates the type of fatty acid attached to the 1 and 2 positions of glycerol as well as the type of head group on the phosphate: Sphingomyelin & cerebrosides f ound in peripheral nerve (sphingomyelin) and central nerve (cerbroside) cell membranes. In cerbrosides, the phosphate group is replaced by  -1 linkage to galactose
  • 31.  
  • 33.  
  • 34.  
  • 35. פרוסטגלנדינים תרכובות האחראיות לתגובות פיסיולוגיות רבות . מיוצרות בכמויות קטנות ביותר ובעלות זמן מחצית חיים קצרה קשה למחקר . דומות להורמונים בכך שמפעילות רקמות שונות אך מיוצרות בכל הרקמות ומשפיעות ברקמה בה מיוצרות . מהמזון - פרקורסור ליצירת פרוסטגלנדין היא ח . שומן הכרחית - ח . לינולאית ( ק”כ 15, 12, 9 - 18:3 ) ח . ארכידונית ( Arachidonic Acid) פרקורסור עיקרי ( 14, 11, 8, 5 20:4 )
  • 36. נקשרים לרצפטורים ע”פ תאים קיימים לפחות 16 פרוסטגלנדינים שונים המחולקים ל - 9 קבוצות PGA, PGB וכו’ עד PGI. מיוצרים ע”י סוגי תאים רבים ומפורקים במהירות . בין הפעילויות : * השפעה על הורמונים שונים * שקיעת לוחיות דם והדבקה לדפנות כלי דם ( השפעה על קרישת דם וריפוי פצעים ). * כווץ שרירים חלקים , הרפיית שרירים חלקים ( לידה למשל ).
  • 37.  
  • 38.  
  • 39.  
  • 40.  
  • 41.  
  • 42.  
  • 43.  
  • 44.  
  • 45.  
  • 46.  
  • 47.  
  • 48.  
  • 49.  
  • 50. Phospholipids forms bilayers (two opposing layers of phospholipids ) instead of micelles because the cross section of the head group is roughly equal to the cross section of the 2 fatty acid chains. The bilayers form closed, water filled, vesicles with a 6-8 nm wall Properties of Lipid Bilayers Permeability properties of bilayers are due in part to the asymmetry of the outer and inner layers. Compounds that dissolve more readily in oil have higher permeability. Charged compounds do not cross the bilayer .
  • 51.
  • 52.  
  • 53.  
  • 55.