presentation

1. Other Analysis Strategies
• Thematic vs Content Analysis
• Discourse and Discourse Analysis
• Hermeneutics
• Phenomenology
• Deconstruction
• Critical Theory

2. Thematic Vs Content Analysis
• Slight difference
Thematic Analysis is used for qualitative data analysis to look for
patterns across the data. It helps to undermine key themes and their
relationship with one another. Thematic analysis focuses on the deep
structure.
Content analysis: can be used by both qualitative and quantitative
researchers for their data analysis. Content analysis mainly focuses on
Surface level of language used

3. • Thematic analysis focuses on extracting high-level themes from within
data, while content analysis—especially subcategorical methods like
summative content analysis—focus on the reoccurrence of concepts
or keywords at a more surface-level of analysis i.e. their frequency.

4. • In essence, the main difference between the two methods lies in the
possibility of quantification of data in content analysis by measuring
the frequency of different categories and themes.
• While frequency is generally a core tenet of qualitative content
analysis where statistical findings are tabulated or visualized in the
final write-up, it is not a focus of thematic analysis.
• In summary, statistical data is core to most content analysis but is not
typically cited in thematic analysis.

5. qualitative content analysis?
• The three main goals of qualitative content analysis are:
1.To identify and understand themes, patterns, and relationships
within the data.
2.To explore how the data can inform theoretical claims made in
research studies.
3.To quantify qualitative data.

6. When to use QCA?
• You can use qualitative content analysis to quantify and analyze the
presence, meanings, and relationships of such certain words, themes,
or concepts within textual data. You can also consider using
qualitative content analysis when you want to apply a more
interpretive level of analysis to your data than would be possible
through quantitative content analysis.

7. • Main differences between thematic analysis and content analysis are:
1.Thematic analysis (TA) is a qualitative method used to uncover themes in
in textual data, while content analysis (CA) is either a quantitative or a
qualitative approach that also involves some quantification of data.
2.CA generally counts the occurrence of concepts or keywords to infer
meaning, while TA assigns meaning by extracting high-level ideas.
3.TA focuses on the overarching themes in the data and how those
themes relate to one another, while in CA researchers count instances of
of coded concepts and keywords within large amounts of textual data
with less focus on comparing or contrasting those codes.

8. Phenomenology
• It refers to personal, individual, or others’ Experiences.
• The purpose of the phenomenological approach is to illuminate the
specific, to identify phenomena through how they are perceived by the
actors in a situation.
• Or it studies lived experiences to gain deeper insights into how people
understand those experiences.
• Phenomenology is concerned with the study of experience from the
perspective of the individual.

9. characteristics of phenomenological research design
• Phenomenological research design is descriptive. The researcher aims to
describe as accurately as possible the structure of a phenomenon.
• Qualitative phenomenological research design aims to uncover what a
particular experience means to a group of people and how they
experienced it.
• This approach requires researchers to set aside their prejudices and a
priori assumptions and focus mainly on the immediate experience.
• It requires the researcher to first describe the lived experiences
objectively and then reflect on the description with reference to the
existing theories about the phenomenon.

10. Methods in PR
• Participant observation
• Interviews
• Conversations with participants
• Analysis of personal text
• Action research
• Focus meetings

11. Procedures involved
• Identification of the phenomenon
• Development of a detailed description of the phenomenon
• Bracketing personal prejudices and a priori assumptions
• Collection of data from the participants
• Data analysis – usually involves reading the data, demarcating the data,
eliminating irrelevancies, grouping and naming data into constituents, and
arranging the data into themes that accurately and fully describe the
participants’ lived experiences.
• Development of a composite description of the phenomenon
• Presentation of the description

12. • Below is a phenomenological research design example to help you better understand this qualitative research method.
• In Donna Marie Barrow’s paper on a phenomenological study of the lived experiences of parents of young children with autism receiving
special education services, the researcher investigated the lived experiences of four mothers of children with autism receiving early
intervention services using phenomenological research design. The study aimed to gain insight into the phenomenon of parenting and
parents’ experiences with early intervention and early childhood special education.
• Barrow captured the lived experiences of all the participants by conducting interviews with each of the mothers. Before the interview,
Barrow asked each of the participants to bring ten family photographs and explained the importance of the photographs and how they
would be used during the meeting.
• Barrow asked questions to explore each parent’s experiences during the first interview and used the photos as a tool to help the family
reflect on their experiences with their child. Additionally, the researcher used the first interview to build rapport with the participants and
gain their trust.
• Barrow analyzed the notes from the first interview with each participant and used them to prepare for the second interview. During the
second meeting, Barrow reviewed the notes from the first interview with the participants and engaged in deeper conversation to get a full
picture of their lived experiences.
• The interviews with the parents produced over 300 pages of transcripts. Barrow analyzed this data and identified seven essential themes
shared by the four mothers. At the end of the study, the researcher contextualized the complexity of family life and how it affects
parenting, and the unique experience of parenting children with autism receiving early intervention services.