world history

1. Prepared by:
Michelle G. Costales

2. The English
Colonies are
founded

3. The Colonists objects the British
Policies

4. Parliament restricts colonial trade and
industry
 Parliament passed laws to regulate colonial trade to Britain's
advantage.
Navigation Acts of 1660-1663
 Required colonist to sell certain products such as tobacco, sugar,
indigo only to England
Hat Act (1732)
 Parliament took steps to prevent the colonists from developing
industries that would compete with British manufacturers.
Iron Act (1750)
 Removed taxes on Britain’s imports of iron ore from the colonists,
but it outlawed the colonial manufacture of iron goods.

5. The Colonists evade British laws
 Parliament’s restrictions on the colonial economy were difficult
to enforce.
 The colonists resented to restrictions and many of them
smuggled in goods to avoid paying British taxes.
 The British also found out that the colonial officials tended to
favour the colonists and did not always strictly enforce the laws.

6. Britain seeks revenue from the
colonies
Sugar Act
 1764- it passed the Sugar Act, which
lowered the tax on imported molasses
in hopes that fewer colonists would
smuggle it in to avoid paying the tax.
Quartering Act of 1765
 This required colonists to provide living
quarters and certain supplies for British
troops.
Stamp Act
 Which placed a tax on printed matters

7. The colonists protest Grenville’s
plan
 They were particularly angered by the Stamp Act
Stamp Act
 Was a simply an effort to increase British revenues.
“taxation without representation” they declared, was against the
principles of English law.
1765
 Delegates from nine colonies met in New York to discuss the
situation.
 Called the Stamped Act Congress, the delegates challenged the
Parliament’s right to tax the colonies for revenue.

8. Lord Grenville

9.  Groups of patriots known as the
Sons and Daughters of Liberty
sprang up throughout the
colonies.
 Their members pressured
merchants –sometimes by force-
to stop dealing in British goods.
 1766 Parliament reluctantly
repealed the Stamp Act.

10. The Townshend Acts increased
colonial resentment
 1767- it passed the Townshend (TOWN-zend)Acts, which
imposed new taxes.
 The new taxes raised the prices of many everyday items-
particularly paint, glass, paper, and tea.
 The colonist claim that the new law was “another taxation
without representation”

11. Samuel Adams

12. Resentment leads to violence
 March 1770, a squad of
British soldiers fired into a
crowd that have been
taunting them and pelting
them with stick and
snowballs.
 Five colonist were killed,
and several more were
wounded.
 This incident, which
American patriots called
the Boston Massacre,
deepened tensions.

13. The Tea Act renews colonial
resistance
 1773- Parliament tried to help the Company’s expansion by
granting it special rights to sell tea in America.
 Certain colonists in Boston decided to go ever further.
 Disguised as Indians, they climbed aboard the ships and
dumped several hundred chests filled with into Boston
Harbor.
 Others viewed the “Boston Tea Party” as a Criminal act since
the colonist had destroyed valuable property and defined
British law.

14. BostonTeaParty

15. Parliament passes the Intolerable
acts
Intolerable Acts(1774)
 One law closed the port of Boston to all ships until
Massachusetts port to the East India Company for the Tea.
 Another law put an end to self-government in Massachusetts
 Third allowed royal officials charged with certain to be
crimes to be tried in Britain or in another colony to avoid
hostile colonial juries.
 A new Quartering Act allowed troops to be housed in homes
(instead of in their usual barracks) whenever the
commanding officer thought it was necessary.

16. Colonists meet in a Continental
Congress
 The meeting called
Continental Congress, was
held in Philadelphia in
1774, with delegates from
twelve colonists.
 They protested the
Intolerable Acts and
organized committees to
prevent the sale of each
goods.

17. The Colonists fight at Lexington
and Concord
 April, 1775- British troops were sent from Boston to the
nearby town of Concord and Lexington to destroy weapons
and gunpowder that the militia or men soldiers had stored
there.
 The fighting at Lexington and Concord was a turning point in
the relationship between Britain and the colonies.
 They created an army.

18. Continental Army Fight at Lexington and Concord

19. George Washington
 Virginia planter
 Commander
 Assumed some of the
responsibilities of a
central government for
the colonies.

20. King George III
 Was enraged by the
colonists actions
 Ignored the petitions want
by the Continental
Congress
 Approved the ending of all
trade with the colonies and
 sent more troops to
America to crush the
rebellion.

21. The colonies move toward
independence
 1775- few Americans, angry as
they were, favored separation
from Britain.
 This debate was greatly
influenced by a pamphlet titled
Common Sense, which was
published in January.
 1776-Thomas Paine, its author,
called upon Americans to give
up their “agreeable dream” of
reconciliation and declare their
independence from Britain. Thomas Paine

22.  July 4,1776-the Second
Continental Congress adopted
the Declaration of
Independence written largely
by Thomas Jefferson a Virginia
planter.
 Reflected John Locke’s theory of
natural rights.
 The declaration stated that the
people have the right to abolish
a government that does not
support their interest and
establish a new one.
Thomas JeffersonJohn Locke

23. Declaration of Independence

24. Revolution brings Independence

25. Victory at Saratoga is the turning
point of the war
 March, 1776, the colonial forces finally drove the British out of
Boston.
 September they succeeded in capturing New York City.
 Then, in the fall of 1777, the turning point of the war came
near Saratoga, New York.
 American general, Horatio Gates, surrounded a British force of
nearly 5,000 men commanded by General Sir John Burgoyne.
 Unable to obtain relief or supplies, Burgoyne was forced to
surrender.

26. GeneralHoratioGates Battle at Saratoga

27.  American writer and scientist
Benjamin Franklin , had been
in Paris negotiating for French
help since the outbreak of war.
 1778, France decided to aid the
Americans in their struggle
against Britain.
 Later, Spain and the
Netherlands also backed the
American cause.
 Marquis de Lafayette, closely
assisted Washington

28. Others who joined Americans
 Casimir Pulaski
 was a Polish nobleman
 soldier and military commander
 has been called "the father of the
American cavalry”
 Thaddeus Kosciusko of Poland
 was a Polish military engineer
 a military leader who became a
national hero in Poland, Belarus,
and the United States.tates.

29.  Baron de Kalb (a German fried of
Lafayette’s)
 French officer
 served as a major general in
the Continental Army during
the American Revolutionary War
 Baron von Steuben of Prussia
 military officer
 served as inspector general and
Major General of the Continental
Army during the American
Revolutionary War

30.  In the spring of the year 1781,
Lord Cornwallis, commander
of the British army, abandoned
his campaign to subdue the
southern colonies.
 Washington’s troops and a
large French force surrounded
Cornwallis, who surrendered
in October, 1781.

31. Battle at Yorktown

32. George Cornwallis

33. The Treaty of Paris ends the War
 Peace negotiations among the United States, Britain, France , the
Netherlands and Spain took almost two years.
 The Treaty of Paris signed in September, 1783, officially ended
the war
 By that treaty Britain recognized the independence of its former
colonies.

34. America’s leaders decide to write a
Constitution
 May, 1787, fifty-five delegates, including some of the ablest
men in the country, assembled at Philadelphia to consider
possible amendments to the Articles of Confederation.
 The delegates were practical men-farmers, merchants,
lawyers, and bankers.
 They decided, instead to write an entirely new constitution.

35. The Constitution is ratified
 Many Americans thought that the Constitution gave too much
power to the federal government.
 These people, called anti-federalists, warned that the proposed
federal government would dominate the states and deprive
citizens of their liberties.
 Those who favoured the Constitution, called federalists,
campaigned vigorously for its adoption.
 Three leading federalists- James Madison, Alexander Hamilton,
and John Jay

36. James Madison, Jr.
 James Madison, Jr. (March 16,
1751 – June 28, 1836)
 fourth President of the United
States(1809–1817).
 He is hailed as the "Father of the
Constitution" for being
instrumental in the drafting of
the United States Constitution
 the key champion and author of
the United States Bill of Rights

37.  Was a founding father of the
United States
 chief of staff to General George
Washington
 one of the most influential
interpreters and promoters of the
U.S. Constitution,
 the founder of the nation's
financial system,
 and the founder of the first
American political party

38. John Jay
 John Jay (December 12, 1745 –
May 17, 1829) was an American
statesman, Patriot, diplomat,
 Founding Father of the United
States
 signer of the Treaty of Paris
 first Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court(1789–95).

39. The Bill of Rights is adopted
 The newly elected Congress met in 1789, and one of its first
acts was to draw up ten amendments to the Constitution.
 These were to be a Bill of Rights,
 Guaranteeing Americans freedom of religion, of speech, of
assembly, and of the press.
 Assured them of trial by jury, protection from cruel and
unusual punishment, and other basic liberties.
 The tenth amendments answered the fears of many Americans
about federal power.

40. Reference
Perry, The History of the world
Wikipedia. com