Webinar held the 11th of May 2017, included in the Erasmus+ project "Skills for Success"

1. Public speaking
Exercise of power Search for and preservation of support
In the past

2. The rules have already been defined
in the past
for example Aristotle
highlights 3 possible strategies
ethics
(ethos)
through rhetoric
The art of speaking and writing in an adorned and effective way
passion
(pathos)
logics
(logos) - moral ability
- competence and knowledge
- the orator‘s emotional power
- emotion aroused in the listener
- logical structure of the speech

3. According to Aristotle the
preparation of the speech takes
place in four phases:
2. dispositio
4. actio
1. inventio
3. elocutio
to look for ideas
to organise the topics
of the speech
the choice of suitable lexicon
and rhetorical artifices
delivery of the speech
by modulating the voice
and using gestures

4. During the Roman Age the
Aristotelic system was resumed by
Cicero and Quintilian, who
developed it further, but without
changing it

5. television
Nowadays
have increased the importance and
spreading of public speaking.
Internet
By using the Internet it is easy to look for and watch the main speeches delivered by
famous and important people, but also by people not so well-known by most of
the audience.

6. Still nowadays, the rules of
traditional rhetoric are valid for public
speaking , but we must also take
into account other aspects,
connected with the world of image
and the media

7. Some rules for public speaking today
Get prepared in a suitable way
It is important to have the key concepts in mind
Obtain positive reactions from the audience
To single out from the beginning a common, shared field:
something that is right for you and for them
Speak with enthusiasm
your mental attitude affects the listeners’ mental attitude too:
do not be bad-tempered, keep a steady eye-contact, convey enthusiasm and feeling for what you are
talking about (not “to speak to the public”….but “to speak with the public”)
Tell past experiences
for example
- The first years in your family and at school
- The first obstacles in making your way in the job market
- Strange and peculiar experiences
- The secrets that have promoted your success
episods from personal experience are always able to draw attention
at the centre of great speeches there is always a story

8. Organise the speech in a sequence
in order to be clearer and more effective, it must be structured according to a sequence based on space,
time or specific topics.
By using this strategy you will not be distracting and will stick to the logical connection of the speech
(for example. past, present, future).
It is a good method to alternate moments of strain and moments of relaxation.
Modulate voice and gestures
change volume, tone and rhythm of the voice;
have suitable breaks;
use gestures, but without exceeding.
Make a connection
between past, present
(what it is now or what it
was) and the future (what it
will be) and plan an
exciting closing, looking
on the future by Nancy Duarte: The secret structure of great talks (published on
TED)

9. Always on Ted, an
interesting video
“How to give the BEST speech or
presentation”
How to give the BEST speech or presentation (published on TED)

10. Nowadays the Internet
allows to preserve past
speeches and to make
them available to
everyone
i.e. Martin Luther King‘s
speech on Youtube
spurs more and more
people to deliver
speeches for very
different reasons
(managers, students
and teachers, ordinary
people…)

11. An example is the website TED
Talks (“Ideas worth spreading”)
Innovative, talkative and
influential people present their
experience and their ideas on
different, interesting and up-
to-date topics
Every kid needs
a champion
Example
Example of task for the students:
To use the above speech or to find out on
TEd.com another speech
To find out about author, location, date, topic,
and the strenghts of the proposed speech and
of the author’s’exposition, by taking into
account the principles already mentioned or
by highlighting other aspects

12. “Commencement speeches”
They are speeches delivered by important
and famous people during Graduation
cerimonies held in the main USA Universities
They address the students attending the last
year of the course: they try to share
experiences and visions that they think can
be helpful for people who are getting adult
and are going to live one of the topmost
moments of their life.