05 - Rizal's Exile, Trial, and Death (Part 1) | Life and Works of Rizal (Slides)

youtube.com/@overtheacademicwall

I. La Liga Filipina (with friends!)

Rizal's friends and relatives warned him
against returning to the Philippines.

But despite their warnings, Rizal, firmly believing that
the battlefield was in the Philippines, sailed to Manila
on June 21, 1892, with his sister Lucia.

Together, they founded La Liga Filipina,
which means "The Filipino League."

Liga's Masonic roots and secrecy are enough to arouse Spanish
suspicion, even without seditious language in its constitution.

Question: Is Liga
Just For Reform?

Historians have different perspectives on whether
La Liga aimed for complete independence or
merely sought to become a Spanish province.

Let's explore the two contrasting perspectives:

Rizal's own socio-civic organization, La Liga Filipina, was also a reformist group, but this time, it sought to
broaden the participation of Filipinos in the campaign for change.
Many early historians believe that Rizal favored reforms over
separation, aligning with the Propaganda Movement's goals.

Rizal's own socio-civic organization, La Liga Filipina, was also a reformist group, but this time, it
sought to broaden the participation of Filipinos in the campaign for change.
Rizal's own socio-civic organization, La Liga Filipina, was
also a reformist group, but this time, it sought to broaden
the participation of Filipinos in the campaign for change.

Rizal's own socio-civic organization, La Liga Filipina, was also a reformist group, but this time, it
sought to broaden the participation of Filipinos in the campaign for change.
It was a continuation of the assimilationist ideals of the
Propaganda Movement, but now with a wider reach.

Rizal's own socio-civic organization, La Liga Filipina, was also a reformist group, but this
time, it sought to broaden the participation of Filipinos in the campaign for change.
La Liga Filipina also appears to be a harmless and
wholesome organization, akin to an NGO that
seeks to empower Filipinos to help themselves.

According to Floro Quibuyen,
Rizal's departure was a
manifestation of his radical shift
to separatism and his
disillusionment with Spain.

In Floro’s book "A Nation Aborted,"
he stated this is evident in the first
point of Liga's constitution.

WDYM by “body”? Another organization, or perhaps a nation?
In Quibuyen's mind, Liga's ultimate goal was an independent
Philippines, not a stepping stone to another organization.

The other points of the constitution
also can no longer be considered
responsibilities of a mere
organization, but rather of a state.

Quibuyen stated that the fifth point of
Liga have been misconstrued,

To support his argument, Quibuyen quoted Rizal's essay
"Philippines: A Cultural Hence", where the latter said that
palliative reforms are never good enough.

We should also consider Rizal's state of mind at this
time. As writer Floro Quibuyen explains, Rizal had
just distanced himself from the rest of his peers.

We could further see his detachment from the
assimilationist cause in his letters to Blumentritt:

Quibuyen further asserts that,

Finally, we'll end this part with
this quote from the historian
Xiao Chua. He wrote:

r.Est in peaxe po
While historians continue to debate Liga's motives,
we can be sure that the organization did not last long.

Just three days after founding La Liga
Filipina, Rizal faced arrest at Malacañang.
The Spanish cited a prior, unrelated reason.

i love me some
outdated memes
targeting the wrong
demographic

Rizal and his sister were
greeted by carabiniers and a
major upon arrival in Manila.

There luggage were inspected
at the customs house.

After that, the officials let them
pass without any issues.

A package of "seditious paper“ satirizing wealthy
Dominican friars was confiscated and brought to
the attention of Governor-General Despujol.
“Si Padre Matmat,
nangangagat ng…

Rizal denied that the leaflets belonged to him or his sister
but was arrested anyway and escorted to Fort Santiago.

Manila newspapers published the Governor General's
decree, outlining four charges that led to Rizal's exile.

1
by your good and trusted friend Despujol

2

3

4

Now that Rizal is gone, La Liga Filipina
became inactive and began to fell apart.

Editor‘s note: oi hahahaha may vid akong ginawa dito haha
baka us2 mo lang papanoorin haha i mean wala namang
sapilitan hahahaha PLEASE PARANG AWA MO NA O

II. The (Medyo) Bitter-
Sweet Life in Dapitan

Why Dapitan? Well, it was
inaccessible, underdeveloped, and
under the control of the Jesuits, who
hoped to reform his Catholic faith.
From 1892 to 1896, Rizal lived in exile in
Dapitan, a remote town in Mindanao.

Sure, the island sounds like a paradise…

…but it was remote and unfamiliar, far from the
civilization to which Rizal was accustomed.

Good thing, Rizal found a silver lining.

While they curbed his political rights, Spanish authorities still
allowed him to move freely and participate in civic activities.

Their goal was to “tame" him so that he would
be less likely to entertain ideas of "subversion."

Instead of losing hope in life, Rizal transformed
his exile into a period of meaningful contribution.

Before we talk about his life in Dapitan,
we should first talk about his lottery win.

Rizal was a teetotaler and non-smoker,
but he had a fondness for the lottery.
Note: Zaide said it, not me!

Wenceslao Retana, called
the lottery Rizal's "only vice.”

Months after being exiled to Dapitan, Rizal,
along with two other people, bought a lottery
ticket, winning the second prize of P20,000.

Their combined winnings were divided,
leaving Rizal with a substantial sum of P6,200.

Rizal then spent a portion of his winnings on buying
agricultural lands along the coast of Talisay
Rizal spent a portion of his winnings on buying
agricultural lands along the coast of Talisay

On his purchased land, he built a house, established
a farm, set up a school, and even opened a clinic.

Through these endeavors, he seamlessly embraced
the roles of a farmer, a teacher, and a physician.

Rizal's upbringing as a member of an inquilino family
instilled in him a deep connection to farming.

Rizal bought farmland in Dapitan, initially growing
rice and corn. He later partnered with his brother-in-
law to sell abaca, a profitable crop in Manila.

When Rizal found the locals' agriculture and
fishing methods outdated, he helped them.

Rizal achieved notable success as a farmer in Dapitan.

Rizal held the profession of farming in
high esteem. He actively engaged in
agricultural practices, not only to
sustain himself but also to uplift the
lives of the local community.

"We cannot all be
doctors; someone
has to till the soil."

In stark contrast to Rizal's admiration
for farmers, modern society often
holds a negative perception of this
crucial occupation.

Rizal recognized the worth
of farmers. It's time for us
to do the same. Their
dedication secures our
plates and fuels our nation.
Let's respect their toil and
empower them to thrive.

In Talisay, he founded a school that emphasized
school-based management and community-based
education, defying 19th century norms.

As an agriculturist, Rizal incorporated
nature study into his school's curriculum,
fostering appreciation for the natural world.
Rizal’s Curriculum
(The Ultimate Guide For You To “Behave Like A Man.”)
Spanish
English
Mathematics
Geography
Geometry
Proper Conduct
Physical Education:
• Gymnastics
• Fencing
• Swimming

As an agriculturist, Rizal incorporated
nature study into his school's curriculum,
fostering appreciation for the natural world.

Rizal and his students collected various flora
and fauna, which he then sent to his academic
friends in Europe in exchange of books.

Rizal also had a passion for conchology,
the study and collection of shells.

Rizal also discovered new species of
animals, which were named after him.

The influence of Rizal's education at
Ateneo were also evident in his teaching
methods during his exile in Dapitan.

To effectively manage his classroom,
he divided his students into two groups
based on their height: "grandes" (big)
and "pequenos" (small).

Using his Ateneo-honed surveying
skills, he also constructed a water
system in Dapitan, providing clean
water to homes lacking access before.

Rizal, with Ateneo professor Fr. Sanchez's help,
created a significant relief map of Mindanao.

Rizal's school in Talisay served as a model
for the type of education he believed was
necessary for the country's progress.

In Dapitan, Rizal continued his medical practice,
offering free care to those in need.

He extended his reach by making house calls, ensuring
that healthcare was accessible to the sick and infirm.

Even when paid for his services, Rizal found ways to
channel his earnings for the betterment of Dapitan.

As Rizal’s biographer and former
enemy Wenceslao Retana recounts,

Rizal's medical profession also
led to a remarkable encounter.

As the story goes, Rizal had become one of the most
respected ophthalmologists in the Philippines.

Hoping for Rizal's healing touch, ailing George Taufer
journeyed from Hong Kong to Dapitan with
adopted daughter Josephine Bracken.

Josephine, an 18-year-old Irish woman, was
likely captivated by Rizal's intellect, charm,
and wit, and fell deeply in love with him.

Rizal, in turn, was smitten by
Josephine's beauty and eagerness.

After just one month of romance, they
expressed their desire to marry each other.

However, their relationship was met
with disapproval from others.

Tauffer attempted suicide due to his strong
disapproval of their planned marriage.

Rizal's family also disapproved, possibly because of
conservative views on marriage and Rizal hinting at
cohabitation with Josephine without marriage.

We can see this disapproval when Josephine lived
with the Rizals. Josephine wrote to her dear Joe,

Despite their opposition,
Rizal and Josephine
continued to be with
each other and even had
a child together that
sadly passed away.

In a letter to his dear friend Ferdinand Blumentritt
on December 19, 1893, Jose Rizal painted a vivid
picture of his idyllic life in Dapitan.

Rizal's exile coincided with the
burgeoning revolutionary movement.

While attempts were made to reorganize Rizal's organization,
the La Liga Filipina ultimately split into two groups:
Conservatives
(peaceful; advocate reforms)
Radicals
(aaaaaahhhh!)

To inform Rizal of Katipunan's founding and
planned revolution, Pio Valenzuela and
Raymundo Mata visited him in Dapitan.

During their conversation, Valenzuela
informed Rizal of the Katipunan's plans
and their plan to help him escape.

However, Rizal declined the offer
and stated that the people were
not ready for a revolution.
NO

Question: Why Did
Rizal Object?

Rizal's meeting with Pio, where he refused to join the revolution,
is used by some to argue he wasn't for independence.

In the opening part of Rizal's Manifiesto, which references
Valenzuela's visit to Dapitan, Rizal writes:

According to the historian Zaide, Rizal
objected to Bonifacio's project to
plunge the country into a bloody
revolution because of his "sincere
belief that it was premature" and that
"arms and funds must be collected first
before raising the cry of revolution."

Another way to support the claim that
Rizal was not against the Philippine
Revolution is his letter to Blumentritt in
1887, in which he wrote:

Valenzuela (who lived a long life!) also recorded Rizal’s
reaction to the revolution plans in his memoir.

During their meeting, Rizal suggested both
obtaining support from Manila's wealthy and
acquiring ships/weapons from Japan.
No muna since need
muna ng kahandaan.

Some critics will disagree with this statement,
pointing to Valenzuela's initial testimony where
he claimed Rizal is not in favor of revolution.

A critic of Valenzuela also argue that memoirs written many years after
the events they describe can be unreliable, as they may contain errors
or be influenced by the author's perspective at the time of writing.

Dr. Blumentritt suggested that Rizal offer
his services as a military doctor in Cuba in
exchange for ending his exile.

This is because in Cuba, a revolution
against Spain was unfolding alongside
an epidemic of yellow fever.

After months of waiting, a letter arrived from
Governor-General Blanco: Rizal's offer was accepted.

Finally, after four years, Rizal was no longer in exile.

However, the Philippines was also experiencing its own
revolution, spearheaded by Bonifacio and the Katipunan.

While Rizal was en route to Cuba, the ship he was on
received a telegram from the authorities ordering his arrest.

The Military Commander of Barcelona, Despujol,
informed him that he would be taken back to Manila.

The reason? He was believed to be
involved in the ongoing revolution.

05 - Rizal's Exile, Trial, and Death (Part 1) | Life and Works of Rizal (Slides)

05 - Rizal's Exile, Trial, and Death (Part 1) | Life and Works of Rizal (Slides)

Recommandé

Recommandé

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Tendances (20)

Similaire à 05 - Rizal's Exile, Trial, and Death (Part 1) | Life and Works of Rizal (Slides)

Similaire à 05 - Rizal's Exile, Trial, and Death (Part 1) | Life and Works of Rizal (Slides) (20)

Dernier

Dernier (20)

05 - Rizal's Exile, Trial, and Death (Part 1) | Life and Works of Rizal (Slides)