4per1000 Initiative Day: What about soil in the NDCs?
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This document discusses soil organic carbon (SOC) in nationally determined contributions (NDCs). It finds that only 10 countries specify SOC targets in their NDCs and 3 mention SOC generally. The top countries for potential SOC sequestration are also identified. Examples of SOC inclusion in Japan and USA NDCs are provided. The document concludes that most countries do not address SOC in NDCs currently and that more specific inclusion of SOC measures and targets in future NDCs could increase transparency and demonstrate leadership on this issue.
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4per1000 Initiative Day: What about soil in the NDCs?
- 1. Madrid, December 11th 2019 – 4th FORUM of PARTNERS What about soil in the NDCs? Liesl Wiese-Rozanova International Consultant: Agricultural Science and Policy Co-authors: Viri Alcántara-Shivapatham (4/1000) Lini Wollenberg (CCAFS)
- 2. Madrid, December 11th 2019 – 4th FORUM of PARTNERS Mineral soils Organic Soils Mineral + Organic Soils Top 10 countries with potential to sequester or protect SOC (Zomer et al., 2017 (Crump, 2017)
- 3. Madrid, December 11th 2019 – 4th FORUM of PARTNERS SOC specified in NDC targets 10 countries SOC specified in general NDC text 3 countries Soil organic carbon in the NDCs (Agriculture / AFOLU) Measures/ practices specified: # Countries Agroforestry / silvo-pastoralism 31 Grassland / pasture management 13 Protecting / rewetting peatlands 11 Organic amendments 12 Integrated soil fertility management 6
- 4. Madrid, December 11th 2019 – 4th FORUM of PARTNERS 1. SOC target as AFOLU measure Namibia: 0.18 Mt CO2eq 2. Sectoral sub-target Japan: 7.9 Mt CO2eq through crop/grazing management Soil organic carbon in the NDCs (agriculture) 3. Non-sectoral sub-target Canada: 44 Mt CO2eq Uruguay: % land area for avoided CO2 emissions 4. Sectoral target Malawi: 0.4 Mt CO2eq from CSA pending conditional support 5. National target China, Zambia: Measures to implement
- 5. Madrid, December 11th 2019 – 4th FORUM of PARTNERS Policy Technical capacity Climate finance Soil carbon in NDCs National Opportunity Opportunity NDCs – Platform and opportunity to specify SOC targets Japan Agriculture: Remove 7.9 Mt CO2eq under cropland and grazing (2030) • National soil monitoring (1979) • IPCC Tier 3 approach • Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures (2017) • Agricultural soil C sink: compost, green manure USA (INDC) Economy-wide (26-28%) emission reduction (2025). No SOC specification • USDA Building Blocks for CSA and Forestry (land users) • SOC sequestration: • 4.0-18.0 Mt CO2eq yr-1 • Protect wetland areas • 0.8 Mt CO2eq yr-1
- 6. Madrid, December 11th 2019 – 4th FORUM of PARTNERS Global transparency / tracking 1. Most countries do not explicitly address SOC in NDCs 2. NDCs currently not good indicators of national ambition or action on soil carbon Country context/ prioritization 3. Country prerogative to address SOC in NDCs • Transparency, demonstrate capacity/ leadership, leverage support 4. Next round of NDCs, better reflect national SOC actions • Increase sectoral specificity under economy-wide targets (mention SOC and related measures or vice versa) • Indicate relative contribution of SOC (i.e. SOC sequestration/ protection could contribute 10-20% to sectoral emission reduction target) Concluding remarks
- 7. Madrid, December 11th 2019 – 4th FORUM of PARTNERS 7 Thank you for your attention. This work was funded by Vanguard Charitable, with assistance from Betsy Taylor, Breakthrough Strategies and Solutions; the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS); and supported by the 4 per 1000 Soil Initiative.
Notes de l'éditeur
- SOC specified as part of mitigation or adaptation targets: (10): Armenia, Burkina Faso ,Canada, China, Japan, Malawi, Namibia, State of Palestine, Uruguay, Zambia SOC specified in general text: (3) Bolivia, Pakistan, Syria refer to soil C or soil organic matter (SOM) without clear linkages to agricultural SOC protection or sequestration targets Will still elaborate more on what they said. Many other NDCs also specify these measures (and more) without mentioning SOC.
- Different scenarios were observed in terms of how SOC protection and sequestration and associated measures were addressed in NDCs in terms of agricultural mitigation (Table 3) as follows (in order of decreasing detail and commitment): Explicitly quantifying a target for soil carbon which would result from the implementation of a range of specified measures (without indicating which specific measures would contribute to SOC) (Namibia). Quantifying a sectoral sub-target for different groups of measures (i.e. cropland and grazing land management) which includes specific measures to increase SOC (Japan). Quantifying a non-sectoral sub-target to be achieved through a range of measures which includes SOC (Canada). Quantifying a sectoral sub-target in terms of the percentage of a specified land area (i.e. grassland, peatland or cropland) in which to avoid CO2 emissions or sequester C (Uruguay). Quantifying a sectoral target which would be achieved through a range of measures that includes SOC protection or sequestration (Malawi). Quantifying overall national targets (sector wide or for a set of chosen sectors) and specifying measures to be implemented to reach the target (China, Zambia). Quantifying conditional overall national targets (sector wide or for a set of chosen sectors) and specifying conditional measures to be implemented to reach the target (Palestine). Specifying measures for soil carbon storage options that may be implemented, without committing to such implementation or clearly linking to quantitative targets (Pakistan). NDCs are voluntary pledges for mitigation and adaptation to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) . The Paris Agreement established NDCs as a mechanism for establishing ambitious mitigation commitments. According to the Agreement, developed countries should commit to “economy-wide absolute emission reduction targets”, while developing countries should only “move over time towards economy-wide emission reduction”.
- We see that, at the moment, NDCs do not necessarily reflect national priorities, processes, policies and capacities. Furthermore, Article 4.5 stipulates that support shall be provided to developing countries, recognizing that such support “will allow for higher ambition in their actions”. Such support would include continuing “to enhance the capacity of developing country Parties in preparing, communicating and accounting for their nationally determined contributions”
- NDCs are voluntary pledges for mitigation and adaptation to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) . The Paris Agreement established NDCs as a mechanism for establishing ambitious mitigation commitments. According to the Agreement, developed countries should commit to “economy-wide absolute emission reduction targets”, while developing countries should only “move over time towards economy-wide emission reduction”. Furthermore, Article 4.5 stipulates that support shall be provided to developing countries, recognizing that such support “will allow for higher ambition in their actions”. Such support would include continuing “to enhance the capacity of developing country Parties in preparing, communicating and accounting for their nationally determined contributions” Most countries do not explicitly address SOC in their NDCs, likely due to economy or sector-wide targets, use of other land targets that subsume SOC, or because of other constraints to target setting, monitoring, enforcement of measures, etc. It may even be that countries choose to spend less effort on NDCs and more effort on national NDCs are currently not good indicators of domestic national or action on soil carbon, based on mismatches observed with domestic policies, discussions with experts highlighting SOC measurement/monitoring and enforcement constraints. The prerogative remains with countries to address SOC in NDCs for different reasons which may include to show transparency in target setting and ambition, to demonstrate technical capacity and leadership, or to leverage support to achieve the Paris Agreement. Countries can better reflect SOC actions in second NDCs by increasing sectoral specificity under economy-wide targets, mentioning SOC and related measures under agriculture, and indicating relative contributions of SOC sequestration/protection to sectoral targets (i.e. SOC sequestration/protection may contribute 10-20% to specified sectoral emission reduction targets).