In today's world the amazing development of IT caused more attention of governments and businesses to
take advantage of it. In the meantime Cities have action to create electronic city, using IT and according to
the needs of city managers to new ideas for managing the City and maximum participation of citizens in
municipal affairs. For the success of e-city In addition to providing the necessary infrastructures and
secure environment for data exchange citizens participation and interaction with government and private
agencies should be considered. Because one of the factor keys to success in electronic city is people
attention and their use of electronic city's services. Service oriented architecture is an appropriate
approach to increase citizens’ participation in municipal affairs with an increased interoperability between
different organizations and integration between inter-organizational systems. In this paper, we’ve offered a
new architecture, studying electronic city layers and focusing on the benefits of service-oriented
architecture, to increase participation of citizens’ in electronic city systems and Creating of a Secure
environment to provide accurate information and efficient services to users.
A NOVEL SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE (SOA) TO SECURE SERVICES IN E-CITYijsptm
Many cities in the world have moved toward being e-city using IT and there are some who have
implemented it and or seeking out to make it operational. However, experience shows that implementation
of e-city faces Challenges which the effectiveness of e-city, improvement of provided services and security
are the most important part of these challenges. Today, for realization of a perfect e-city, to overcome
faced challenges Such as security issues is an urgent need. Considering that e-city consists of multiple
information systems, it’s the most important challenge to create integration between these systems and
provide its security which service oriented architecture as a computational model and an approach for data
integration could largely overcome these problems. In this paper through studying challenges of
information systems in e-city layers and with concentrating on advantages of service oriented architecture,
a new architecture to improve the security of e-city’s systems and their provided services and also
overcoming the challenges of information systems has been proposed
Cloud computing technology for egovernment architectureijfcstjournal
The evolution of
cloud computing
has had a significant
effect on our lives and it has brought many benefits.
Cloud computing is a style of computing which is formed from the aggregation and development of
technologies such as grid computing distributed computing, parallel computing and service
-
oriented
archit
ecture
and it
s exciting for governments and private companies, and it has eager them to take
advantage of this technology. Because in this model no needed to additional costs for equipment and
resources to respond to the request of customers, however in t
erms of demand and workload, company
lease and take possession of the required resources, such as servers and virtual sources. In this pa
per, we
studied how to use cloud computing in e
-
government and tried to identify the benefits of the cloud to use in
th
e e
-
government and offer proposals to overcome its shortcomings, encourage and partnership of
governments and people to use this economical
, green
and new technology.
This document discusses the application of cloud computing in smart cities. It first defines cloud computing and smart cities. Cloud computing provides on-demand access to shared computing resources, while smart cities aim to create sustainable economic development and high quality of life through technology and infrastructure. The document argues that cloud computing is a key pillar and important for achieving the goals of smart cities, as it provides the necessary infrastructure. It then outlines Dubai's vision for smart cities and discusses some of the research questions that will be explored, such as the benefits of cloud computing and security concerns.
Smart city position paper - GS1 standards perspectiveDaeyoung Kim
This document discusses strategies for developing interoperable data-driven smart cities. It begins by defining key smart city stakeholders and trends, including open data hubs and living labs. It then discusses challenges like fragmented data sources and solutions like using GS1 global standards for resource identification. Use cases from Korea demonstrate how GS1 standards were applied successfully to integrate legacy systems and develop new services. Overall, the document advocates applying GS1 identification, data modeling and interface standards to address smart city interoperability issues and help realize the full potential of data-driven smart governance and services.
A SERVICE ORIENTED DESIGN APPROACH FOR E-GOVERNANCE SYSTEMSijitcs
The document describes a service-oriented design approach for e-governance systems. It discusses key challenges in developing e-governance systems and proposes addressing these challenges through a service-oriented paradigm. The approach defines concepts like service types (readily available, composable, collaborative), service windows, service composition, and service collaboration. Service types depend on the complexity of processing required - readily available services require minimal processing, composable services may invoke other related services, and collaborative services require coordination across service windows. The approach aims to provide reusable, interoperable services and facilitate integration of existing applications in e-governance systems.
Smart cities: Understanding policies, standards, applications and case studies IJECEIAES
This document discusses smart cities and the key building blocks and technologies involved. It outlines four main building blocks - people and environment, smart utilities, smart technologies, and smart administration. Smart utilities are described as the organizations that provide infrastructure services to citizens and must adopt new technologies. Various technologies are discussed including IoT, big data, blockchain and their applications to areas like utilities management, transportation, and environment monitoring. The document also covers policies, standards, and case studies related to building smart cities.
Irjet v4 i810Study on ICT, IoT and Big Data Analaytics in Smart City Applicat...IRJET Journal
This document discusses smart cities and the role of information and communication technologies (ICT), internet of things (IoT), and big data analytics in enabling smart city applications. It describes key components of smart cities like integrated data management centers that collect and analyze large amounts of data from various IoT sources. Examples of smart city applications discussed include smart water management, smart energy, and other areas that use technologies like RFID, sensors, and networks to improve efficiency and quality of life. Challenges of implementing smart cities like large data volumes, data quality issues, technology advancements, and skills gaps are also outlined.
IRJET- A Survey on Blockchain Technology and Municipal Corporation SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that explores using blockchain technology to improve municipal corporation systems. It begins with an abstract that outlines the goal of implementing blockchain for municipal services to provide quality of life for residents. It then provides background on blockchain technology and how it could benefit areas like municipal corporations by increasing transparency, security, and efficiency without centralized control. The paper describes the methodology used, which was a systematic mapping study to identify existing research on applying blockchain. It also outlines some key challenges faced by municipal corporations, such as overcrowding, water and transportation issues, power shortages, and sanitation problems. The goal of the research is to understand how blockchain could help address problems and improve services for citizens.
A NOVEL SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE (SOA) TO SECURE SERVICES IN E-CITYijsptm
Many cities in the world have moved toward being e-city using IT and there are some who have
implemented it and or seeking out to make it operational. However, experience shows that implementation
of e-city faces Challenges which the effectiveness of e-city, improvement of provided services and security
are the most important part of these challenges. Today, for realization of a perfect e-city, to overcome
faced challenges Such as security issues is an urgent need. Considering that e-city consists of multiple
information systems, it’s the most important challenge to create integration between these systems and
provide its security which service oriented architecture as a computational model and an approach for data
integration could largely overcome these problems. In this paper through studying challenges of
information systems in e-city layers and with concentrating on advantages of service oriented architecture,
a new architecture to improve the security of e-city’s systems and their provided services and also
overcoming the challenges of information systems has been proposed
Cloud computing technology for egovernment architectureijfcstjournal
The evolution of
cloud computing
has had a significant
effect on our lives and it has brought many benefits.
Cloud computing is a style of computing which is formed from the aggregation and development of
technologies such as grid computing distributed computing, parallel computing and service
-
oriented
archit
ecture
and it
s exciting for governments and private companies, and it has eager them to take
advantage of this technology. Because in this model no needed to additional costs for equipment and
resources to respond to the request of customers, however in t
erms of demand and workload, company
lease and take possession of the required resources, such as servers and virtual sources. In this pa
per, we
studied how to use cloud computing in e
-
government and tried to identify the benefits of the cloud to use in
th
e e
-
government and offer proposals to overcome its shortcomings, encourage and partnership of
governments and people to use this economical
, green
and new technology.
This document discusses the application of cloud computing in smart cities. It first defines cloud computing and smart cities. Cloud computing provides on-demand access to shared computing resources, while smart cities aim to create sustainable economic development and high quality of life through technology and infrastructure. The document argues that cloud computing is a key pillar and important for achieving the goals of smart cities, as it provides the necessary infrastructure. It then outlines Dubai's vision for smart cities and discusses some of the research questions that will be explored, such as the benefits of cloud computing and security concerns.
Smart city position paper - GS1 standards perspectiveDaeyoung Kim
This document discusses strategies for developing interoperable data-driven smart cities. It begins by defining key smart city stakeholders and trends, including open data hubs and living labs. It then discusses challenges like fragmented data sources and solutions like using GS1 global standards for resource identification. Use cases from Korea demonstrate how GS1 standards were applied successfully to integrate legacy systems and develop new services. Overall, the document advocates applying GS1 identification, data modeling and interface standards to address smart city interoperability issues and help realize the full potential of data-driven smart governance and services.
A SERVICE ORIENTED DESIGN APPROACH FOR E-GOVERNANCE SYSTEMSijitcs
The document describes a service-oriented design approach for e-governance systems. It discusses key challenges in developing e-governance systems and proposes addressing these challenges through a service-oriented paradigm. The approach defines concepts like service types (readily available, composable, collaborative), service windows, service composition, and service collaboration. Service types depend on the complexity of processing required - readily available services require minimal processing, composable services may invoke other related services, and collaborative services require coordination across service windows. The approach aims to provide reusable, interoperable services and facilitate integration of existing applications in e-governance systems.
Smart cities: Understanding policies, standards, applications and case studies IJECEIAES
This document discusses smart cities and the key building blocks and technologies involved. It outlines four main building blocks - people and environment, smart utilities, smart technologies, and smart administration. Smart utilities are described as the organizations that provide infrastructure services to citizens and must adopt new technologies. Various technologies are discussed including IoT, big data, blockchain and their applications to areas like utilities management, transportation, and environment monitoring. The document also covers policies, standards, and case studies related to building smart cities.
Irjet v4 i810Study on ICT, IoT and Big Data Analaytics in Smart City Applicat...IRJET Journal
This document discusses smart cities and the role of information and communication technologies (ICT), internet of things (IoT), and big data analytics in enabling smart city applications. It describes key components of smart cities like integrated data management centers that collect and analyze large amounts of data from various IoT sources. Examples of smart city applications discussed include smart water management, smart energy, and other areas that use technologies like RFID, sensors, and networks to improve efficiency and quality of life. Challenges of implementing smart cities like large data volumes, data quality issues, technology advancements, and skills gaps are also outlined.
IRJET- A Survey on Blockchain Technology and Municipal Corporation SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that explores using blockchain technology to improve municipal corporation systems. It begins with an abstract that outlines the goal of implementing blockchain for municipal services to provide quality of life for residents. It then provides background on blockchain technology and how it could benefit areas like municipal corporations by increasing transparency, security, and efficiency without centralized control. The paper describes the methodology used, which was a systematic mapping study to identify existing research on applying blockchain. It also outlines some key challenges faced by municipal corporations, such as overcrowding, water and transportation issues, power shortages, and sanitation problems. The goal of the research is to understand how blockchain could help address problems and improve services for citizens.
ICT-MECHANISMS OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN TAIPEI CITY AS A SMART...ijcsit
ICT-enabled service innovation is needed to provide a better service in a smart city. An example of ICTenabled
service innovation is intelligent transportation system (ITS) in Taipei City, Taiwan. We developed
a eight ICT-mechanisms that support development of service innovation in smart city. This study found that
ontime resource control was the most important mechanism. The expectation of this study is make easier
another city to develop a smart city’s concept.
This document discusses smart cities and the leadership challenges they present. It defines smart cities and communities, noting that smart cities utilize technology like sensors to improve living quality. The relationship between organizations and communities is key. It outlines some common smart city priorities like transportation and connectivity, and the challenges leaders face in areas like procurement and managing public-private partnerships. Effective smart city leadership requires understanding residents' needs, services, infrastructure, and assets, as well as navigating complex technology systems and privacy issues. It takes different skills than traditional city leadership, including social and emotional intelligence to represent people and understand the various public and private entities involved in smart cities.
This document proposes a theory of smart cities based on new sources of data and instrumentation. It discusses how smart city approaches use digital sensors and networks to integrate urban infrastructure and services. This enables benefits like reduced resource use and improved crisis response. However, a theoretical framework is needed to understand impacts on citizen behavior. The document puts forth two relevant theories: scaling laws describing macro patterns in urban systems, and viewing cities as complex adaptive systems. It argues smart city data at micro levels could test hypotheses within these theories and advance understanding of urban phenomena.
It provides a comprehensive survey of the enabling technologies, protocols, and architecture for an urban IoT. Furthermore, the paper will present and discuss the technical solutions and best-practice guidelines adopted in the Padova Smart City project, a proof-of-concept deployment of an IoT island in the city of Padova, Italy, performed in collaboration with the city municipality.
It provides a comprehensive survey of the enabling technologies, protocols, and architecture for an urban IoT. Furthermore, the paper will present and discuss the technical solutions and best-practice guidelines adopted in the Padova Smart City project, a proof-of-concept deployment of an IoT island in the city of Padova, Italy, performed in collaboration with the city municipality.
This document discusses enabling technologies and architectures for an Internet of Things (IoT) system to support smart cities. It provides an overview of services that could be enabled by an urban IoT, including improved management of transportation, lighting, public spaces, cultural heritage sites, waste collection and more. The document also presents the Padova Smart City project, which deployed an IoT network in Padua, Italy to collect various data for city administration and provide services to citizens.
Semantic Data Integration Approaches for E-Governance dannyijwest
This document summarizes approaches for semantic data integration for e-governance. It discusses how semantic technologies using ontologies can help integrate heterogeneous data sources for improved e-government services. Current data integration approaches like data warehousing have limitations that semantic approaches can address. The document outlines challenges in current workflows and different approaches to semantic data management including using RDF, OWL and mapping relational databases to semantic models. It argues that semantic data integration using ontologies can provide a unified view of data to enable improved cross-agency information sharing and services for both governments and users.
Smart City Readiness based on Smart City Council’s Readiness Framework IJECEIAES
The document summarizes a study that assessed the readiness of Yogyakarta, Indonesia to implement smart city initiatives based on the Smart City Council's Readiness Framework. The study found that:
1) Most smart city projects in Yogyakarta related to technology enablers like instrumentation & control, connectivity, and data management had only been partially implemented.
2) Areas that had over 50% implementation included operational and asset optimization and access to comprehensive device management.
3) Other areas needing improvement included optimizing instrumentation, connecting devices citywide, and adopting open standards and interoperable architectures.
An Innovative, Open, Interoperable Citizen EngagementCloud P.docxgreg1eden90113
An Innovative, Open, Interoperable Citizen Engagement
Cloud Platform for Smart Government and Users’
Interaction
Diego Reforgiato Recupero1,6 & Mario Castronovo2 &
Sergio Consoli1 & Tarcisio Costanzo3 &
Aldo Gangemi1,4 & Luigi Grasso3 & Giorgia Lodi1 &
Gianluca Merendino3 & Misael Mongiovì1 &
Valentina Presutti1 & Salvatore Davide Rapisarda2 &
Salvo Rosa2 & Emanuele Spampinato5
Received: 10 November 2015 /Accepted: 20 January 2016 /
Published online: 30 January 2016
# Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016
Abstract This paper introduces an open, interoperable, and cloud-computing-based
citizen engagement platform for the management of administrative processes of public
administrations, which also increases the engagement of citizens. The citizen engage-
ment platform is the outcome of a 3-year Italian national project called PRISMA
(Interoperable cloud platforms for smart government; http://www.ponsmartcities-
prisma.it/). The aim of the project is to constitute a new model of digital ecosystem
that can support and enable new methods of interaction among public administrations,
citizens, companies, and other stakeholders surrounding cities. The platform has been
defined by the media as a flexible (enable the addition of any kind of application or
service) and open (enable access to open services) Italian Bcloud^ that allows public
administrations to access to a vast knowledge base represented as linked open data to
be reused by a stakeholder community with the aim of developing new applications
(BCloud Apps^) tailored to the specific needs of citizens. The platform has been used
by Catania and Syracuse municipalities, two of the main cities of southern Italy, located
J Knowl Econ (2016) 7:388–412
DOI 10.1007/s13132-016-0361-0
* Diego Reforgiato Recupero
[email protected]
1 National Research Council (CNR), Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
2 Sielte, Via Cerza 4, 95027 San Gregorio di Catania, Italy
3 Datanet, Syracuse, Contrada Targia 58, 96100 Syracuse, Italy
4 Paris Nord University, Sorbonne Citè CNRS UMR7030, France
5 Etna Hitech, Viale Africa 31, 95129 Catania, Italy
6 Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
http://www.ponsmartcities-prisma.it/
http://www.ponsmartcities-prisma.it/
http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1007/s13132-016-0361-0&domain=pdf
in the Sicilian region. The fully adoption of the platform is rapidly spreading around the
whole region (local developers have already used available application programming
interfaces (APIs) to create additional services for citizens and administrations) to such
an extent that other provinces of Sicily and Italy in general expressed their interest for
its usage. The platform is available online and, as mentioned above, is open source and
provides APIs for full exploitation.
Keywords Smartcity.Smartgovernance.Linkedopendata.Citizenengagement.Cloud
computing
Introduction
Smart governance is defined as a subset of the s.
Challenges of Technology Infrastructure Availability in EGovernance Program I...IOSR Journals
This document discusses the challenges of technology infrastructure availability for e-governance program implementations. It proposes a cloud-based solution to address some of these challenges. The key challenges identified are the complexity of setting up and managing infrastructure across different locations, ongoing system management needs due to rapid technology changes, and high costs of recruiting and retaining IT professionals. The proposed solution involves implementing a hybrid cloud model with both public and private clouds. This would provide 24/7 access to services, reduce costs by outsourcing infrastructure needs, simplify administration, enable mobile access, and ensure scalability and high performance. The cloud-based framework is presented as an effective way to overcome infrastructure challenges and efficiently deliver e-governance programs.
Empirical Study: Moroccan Information systems specificities for better IT Gov...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
The spread of information systems (IS) use has become an essential criterion for judging today's overall development level of a country and its attractiveness for capital and investment. Many international rankings evaluate the performance of different countries at this level. And Morocco occupies a disappointing position compared to its potential. Paradoxically, Morocco is lagging behind, although in the telecom sector, it is ahead of many developing countries, Thus, in 2015, the index NRI (Networked Readiness Index), measuring the preparation of an economy to make effective use of new information technologies (IT) published by the World Economic Forum, ranks Morocco in the 87th place. Indeed, with the exception of large companies that have implemented a set of tools to automate the process, a large number of SMEs and SMIs are very late as far as IT use is concerned. It means that IS in Morocco is still unable to achieve business perspectives for benefits and processes optimization. The aim of this article is to understand the particularities of Moroccan IS to understand the week points to correct in order to govern well enterprise Information technologies.
Interoperability issues for the Deployment of Unified Communications and Inte...idescitation
Access to information holds the key to the empowerment of everybody despite where they are living. This
research is to be carried out in respect of the people living in
developing countries, considering their plight and complex
geographical, demographic, social-economic conditions
surrounding the areas they live, which hinder access to
information and of professionals providing services such as
medical workers, which has led to high death rates and
development
stagnation.
Research
on
Unified
Communications and Integrated Collaborations (UCIC)
system in the health sector of developing countries comes in
to create a possible solution of bridging the digital canyon
among the communities. The aim is to deliver services in a
seamless manner to assist health workers situated anywhere
to be accessed easily and access information which will help
in service delivery. The proposed UCIC system provides the
most immersive telepresence experience for one-to-one or
many-to-many meetings. Extending to locations anywhere in
the world, the transformative platform delivers Ultra-low
operating costs through the use of general purpose networks
and using special lenses and track systems. The aim of this
paper is to identify the interoperability issues anticipated in
the deployment of the UCIC system in the health sector of
developing countries and recommend possible solutions. These
recommendations once adopted and implemented correctly
will bring enhancement to the speed and quality of services
offered by health workers. The capacities of UCIC will help
health workers shorten decision cycles, accelerate service
delivery and save lives by speeding access to information and
by making it possible for all health workers and patients to
collaborate everywhere
The document discusses the development and implementation of digital twin cities. Digital twin cities integrate physical and digital elements by creating virtual digital models that mirror physical cities. This allows data-driven management and intelligent services. The document outlines several key aspects of digital twin cities, including the digital twin object concept of representing physical entities as data units, the SODPA model framework, infrastructure requirements, and strategies for developing digital twin cities. Overall, the document provides an overview of digital twin city technology and its potential to transform urban environments.
1. The document discusses smart cities, which use technology like IoT sensors and data analysis to improve operations and quality of life.
2. Smart cities aim to deliver high-quality services while reducing costs through efficiencies. Technologies like smart parking and traffic management optimize city functions.
3. While smart cities provide benefits, challenges include ensuring security, privacy, connectivity between devices, and engaging citizens in development. Examples of leading smart cities are given.
This document discusses breaking down information silos and moving towards an integrated e-service ecosystem in Iraq using a life-event approach and service-oriented architecture (SOA). It provides examples of life-event driven e-government portals in Slovenia and Dubai. The document argues that identifying fundamental e-services will promote reuse and integration. It proposes a combined SOA and cloud computing approach to provide an effective implementation of Iraq's e-governance plan and fast adoption of e-services.
The Role of Technology Acceptance Model in Explaining Effect on E-Commerce Ap...IJMIT JOURNAL
Today e-commerce has become crucial element to transform some of the world countries into an information society. Business to consumer (B2C) in the developing countries is not yet a normalcy as compared to the developed countries. Consumer behaviour research has shown disappointing results regarding the overall use of the Web for online shopping, despite its considerable promise as a channel for commerce. As the use of the Internet continues to grow in all aspects of daily life, there is an increasing need to better understand what trends of internet usage and to study the barriers and problem of ecommerce adoption. Hence, the purpose of this research is to define how far Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) contributed in e-commerce adoption. Data for this study was collected by the means of a survey conducted in Malaysia in 2010. A total of 611 questionnaire forms were delivered to respondents. The location of respondents was within Penang state. By studying this sample, conclusions would be drawn to generalize the interests of the population.
The document discusses the challenges cities face with rapid urbanization and overburdened infrastructure. It introduces the 360 Smart City Framework developed by Deloitte to help cities define goals and priorities through a discovery process before implementing smart city solutions. The framework addresses domains like transportation, environment, health, and public safety. The document also describes CitySynergy, a platform developed by Deloitte to integrate siloed city systems and data to improve decision-making and services through a centralized command center. Case studies show how the framework and platform have helped cities like Cascais improve functions like mobility, waste management, and service request resolution.
IRJET- A Reflection on Big Data Business Analytics in Smart CitiesIRJET Journal
This document discusses how big data and business analytics can impact smart cities. It begins by defining key terms like big data, business analytics, and smart cities. Big data refers to very large and complex datasets, while business analytics uses data analysis to provide insights and inform decision making. Smart cities use information technologies to improve services for citizens. The document then explains how smart cities generate and collect large amounts of data from various sources. Business within smart cities can use this big data through big data business analytics to gain insights and improve operations. However, applying big data business analytics in smart cities also presents emerging issues that need to be addressed.
MACHINE LEARNING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR AUTOMATING E-GOVERNMENT SERV...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using machine learning and artificial intelligence to automate e-government services. It proposes developing convolutional neural network models to identify public sentiments on government programs from online forums. This could help governments automatically analyze citizen feedback. The document also discusses challenges to expanding e-government, like developing expertise and ensuring security and privacy. Overall, it argues that applying advanced AI techniques can help improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government services.
Factors affecting undergraduate students’ motivation at a university in Tra VinhAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Motivation plays an important role in foreign language learning process. This study aimed to
investigate student’s motivation patterns towards English language learning at a University in Tra Vinh, and factors
affecting their motivation change toward English language learning of non-English-major students in the semester.
The researcher used semi-structured interview at the first phase of choosing the participants and writing reflection
through the instrument called “My English Learning Motivation History” adapted from Sawyer (2007) to collect
qualitative data within 15 weeks. The participants consisted of nine first year non-English-major students who learning
General English at pre-intermediate level. They were chosen and divided into three groups of three members each
(high motivation group; average motivation group; and low motivation group). The results of the present study
identified six visual motivation patterns of three groups of students with different motivation fluctuation, through the
use of cluster analysis. The study also indicated a diversity of factors affecting students’ motivation involving internal
factors as influencing factors (cognitive, psychology, and emotion) and external factors as social factors (instructor,
peers, family, and learning environment) during English language learning in a period of 15 weeks. The findings of
the study helped teacher understand relationship of motivation change and its influential factors. Furthermore, the
findings also inspired next research about motivation development in learning English process.
KEY WORDS: language learning motivation, motivation change, motivation patterns, influential factors, students’
motivation.
Contenu connexe
Similaire à A NOVEL SOA FOR E-CITY WITH THE INCREASE OF CITIZENS PARTICIPATION APPROACH
ICT-MECHANISMS OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN TAIPEI CITY AS A SMART...ijcsit
ICT-enabled service innovation is needed to provide a better service in a smart city. An example of ICTenabled
service innovation is intelligent transportation system (ITS) in Taipei City, Taiwan. We developed
a eight ICT-mechanisms that support development of service innovation in smart city. This study found that
ontime resource control was the most important mechanism. The expectation of this study is make easier
another city to develop a smart city’s concept.
This document discusses smart cities and the leadership challenges they present. It defines smart cities and communities, noting that smart cities utilize technology like sensors to improve living quality. The relationship between organizations and communities is key. It outlines some common smart city priorities like transportation and connectivity, and the challenges leaders face in areas like procurement and managing public-private partnerships. Effective smart city leadership requires understanding residents' needs, services, infrastructure, and assets, as well as navigating complex technology systems and privacy issues. It takes different skills than traditional city leadership, including social and emotional intelligence to represent people and understand the various public and private entities involved in smart cities.
This document proposes a theory of smart cities based on new sources of data and instrumentation. It discusses how smart city approaches use digital sensors and networks to integrate urban infrastructure and services. This enables benefits like reduced resource use and improved crisis response. However, a theoretical framework is needed to understand impacts on citizen behavior. The document puts forth two relevant theories: scaling laws describing macro patterns in urban systems, and viewing cities as complex adaptive systems. It argues smart city data at micro levels could test hypotheses within these theories and advance understanding of urban phenomena.
It provides a comprehensive survey of the enabling technologies, protocols, and architecture for an urban IoT. Furthermore, the paper will present and discuss the technical solutions and best-practice guidelines adopted in the Padova Smart City project, a proof-of-concept deployment of an IoT island in the city of Padova, Italy, performed in collaboration with the city municipality.
It provides a comprehensive survey of the enabling technologies, protocols, and architecture for an urban IoT. Furthermore, the paper will present and discuss the technical solutions and best-practice guidelines adopted in the Padova Smart City project, a proof-of-concept deployment of an IoT island in the city of Padova, Italy, performed in collaboration with the city municipality.
This document discusses enabling technologies and architectures for an Internet of Things (IoT) system to support smart cities. It provides an overview of services that could be enabled by an urban IoT, including improved management of transportation, lighting, public spaces, cultural heritage sites, waste collection and more. The document also presents the Padova Smart City project, which deployed an IoT network in Padua, Italy to collect various data for city administration and provide services to citizens.
Semantic Data Integration Approaches for E-Governance dannyijwest
This document summarizes approaches for semantic data integration for e-governance. It discusses how semantic technologies using ontologies can help integrate heterogeneous data sources for improved e-government services. Current data integration approaches like data warehousing have limitations that semantic approaches can address. The document outlines challenges in current workflows and different approaches to semantic data management including using RDF, OWL and mapping relational databases to semantic models. It argues that semantic data integration using ontologies can provide a unified view of data to enable improved cross-agency information sharing and services for both governments and users.
Smart City Readiness based on Smart City Council’s Readiness Framework IJECEIAES
The document summarizes a study that assessed the readiness of Yogyakarta, Indonesia to implement smart city initiatives based on the Smart City Council's Readiness Framework. The study found that:
1) Most smart city projects in Yogyakarta related to technology enablers like instrumentation & control, connectivity, and data management had only been partially implemented.
2) Areas that had over 50% implementation included operational and asset optimization and access to comprehensive device management.
3) Other areas needing improvement included optimizing instrumentation, connecting devices citywide, and adopting open standards and interoperable architectures.
An Innovative, Open, Interoperable Citizen EngagementCloud P.docxgreg1eden90113
An Innovative, Open, Interoperable Citizen Engagement
Cloud Platform for Smart Government and Users’
Interaction
Diego Reforgiato Recupero1,6 & Mario Castronovo2 &
Sergio Consoli1 & Tarcisio Costanzo3 &
Aldo Gangemi1,4 & Luigi Grasso3 & Giorgia Lodi1 &
Gianluca Merendino3 & Misael Mongiovì1 &
Valentina Presutti1 & Salvatore Davide Rapisarda2 &
Salvo Rosa2 & Emanuele Spampinato5
Received: 10 November 2015 /Accepted: 20 January 2016 /
Published online: 30 January 2016
# Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016
Abstract This paper introduces an open, interoperable, and cloud-computing-based
citizen engagement platform for the management of administrative processes of public
administrations, which also increases the engagement of citizens. The citizen engage-
ment platform is the outcome of a 3-year Italian national project called PRISMA
(Interoperable cloud platforms for smart government; http://www.ponsmartcities-
prisma.it/). The aim of the project is to constitute a new model of digital ecosystem
that can support and enable new methods of interaction among public administrations,
citizens, companies, and other stakeholders surrounding cities. The platform has been
defined by the media as a flexible (enable the addition of any kind of application or
service) and open (enable access to open services) Italian Bcloud^ that allows public
administrations to access to a vast knowledge base represented as linked open data to
be reused by a stakeholder community with the aim of developing new applications
(BCloud Apps^) tailored to the specific needs of citizens. The platform has been used
by Catania and Syracuse municipalities, two of the main cities of southern Italy, located
J Knowl Econ (2016) 7:388–412
DOI 10.1007/s13132-016-0361-0
* Diego Reforgiato Recupero
[email protected]
1 National Research Council (CNR), Via Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
2 Sielte, Via Cerza 4, 95027 San Gregorio di Catania, Italy
3 Datanet, Syracuse, Contrada Targia 58, 96100 Syracuse, Italy
4 Paris Nord University, Sorbonne Citè CNRS UMR7030, France
5 Etna Hitech, Viale Africa 31, 95129 Catania, Italy
6 Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
http://www.ponsmartcities-prisma.it/
http://www.ponsmartcities-prisma.it/
http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1007/s13132-016-0361-0&domain=pdf
in the Sicilian region. The fully adoption of the platform is rapidly spreading around the
whole region (local developers have already used available application programming
interfaces (APIs) to create additional services for citizens and administrations) to such
an extent that other provinces of Sicily and Italy in general expressed their interest for
its usage. The platform is available online and, as mentioned above, is open source and
provides APIs for full exploitation.
Keywords Smartcity.Smartgovernance.Linkedopendata.Citizenengagement.Cloud
computing
Introduction
Smart governance is defined as a subset of the s.
Challenges of Technology Infrastructure Availability in EGovernance Program I...IOSR Journals
This document discusses the challenges of technology infrastructure availability for e-governance program implementations. It proposes a cloud-based solution to address some of these challenges. The key challenges identified are the complexity of setting up and managing infrastructure across different locations, ongoing system management needs due to rapid technology changes, and high costs of recruiting and retaining IT professionals. The proposed solution involves implementing a hybrid cloud model with both public and private clouds. This would provide 24/7 access to services, reduce costs by outsourcing infrastructure needs, simplify administration, enable mobile access, and ensure scalability and high performance. The cloud-based framework is presented as an effective way to overcome infrastructure challenges and efficiently deliver e-governance programs.
Empirical Study: Moroccan Information systems specificities for better IT Gov...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
The spread of information systems (IS) use has become an essential criterion for judging today's overall development level of a country and its attractiveness for capital and investment. Many international rankings evaluate the performance of different countries at this level. And Morocco occupies a disappointing position compared to its potential. Paradoxically, Morocco is lagging behind, although in the telecom sector, it is ahead of many developing countries, Thus, in 2015, the index NRI (Networked Readiness Index), measuring the preparation of an economy to make effective use of new information technologies (IT) published by the World Economic Forum, ranks Morocco in the 87th place. Indeed, with the exception of large companies that have implemented a set of tools to automate the process, a large number of SMEs and SMIs are very late as far as IT use is concerned. It means that IS in Morocco is still unable to achieve business perspectives for benefits and processes optimization. The aim of this article is to understand the particularities of Moroccan IS to understand the week points to correct in order to govern well enterprise Information technologies.
Interoperability issues for the Deployment of Unified Communications and Inte...idescitation
Access to information holds the key to the empowerment of everybody despite where they are living. This
research is to be carried out in respect of the people living in
developing countries, considering their plight and complex
geographical, demographic, social-economic conditions
surrounding the areas they live, which hinder access to
information and of professionals providing services such as
medical workers, which has led to high death rates and
development
stagnation.
Research
on
Unified
Communications and Integrated Collaborations (UCIC)
system in the health sector of developing countries comes in
to create a possible solution of bridging the digital canyon
among the communities. The aim is to deliver services in a
seamless manner to assist health workers situated anywhere
to be accessed easily and access information which will help
in service delivery. The proposed UCIC system provides the
most immersive telepresence experience for one-to-one or
many-to-many meetings. Extending to locations anywhere in
the world, the transformative platform delivers Ultra-low
operating costs through the use of general purpose networks
and using special lenses and track systems. The aim of this
paper is to identify the interoperability issues anticipated in
the deployment of the UCIC system in the health sector of
developing countries and recommend possible solutions. These
recommendations once adopted and implemented correctly
will bring enhancement to the speed and quality of services
offered by health workers. The capacities of UCIC will help
health workers shorten decision cycles, accelerate service
delivery and save lives by speeding access to information and
by making it possible for all health workers and patients to
collaborate everywhere
The document discusses the development and implementation of digital twin cities. Digital twin cities integrate physical and digital elements by creating virtual digital models that mirror physical cities. This allows data-driven management and intelligent services. The document outlines several key aspects of digital twin cities, including the digital twin object concept of representing physical entities as data units, the SODPA model framework, infrastructure requirements, and strategies for developing digital twin cities. Overall, the document provides an overview of digital twin city technology and its potential to transform urban environments.
1. The document discusses smart cities, which use technology like IoT sensors and data analysis to improve operations and quality of life.
2. Smart cities aim to deliver high-quality services while reducing costs through efficiencies. Technologies like smart parking and traffic management optimize city functions.
3. While smart cities provide benefits, challenges include ensuring security, privacy, connectivity between devices, and engaging citizens in development. Examples of leading smart cities are given.
This document discusses breaking down information silos and moving towards an integrated e-service ecosystem in Iraq using a life-event approach and service-oriented architecture (SOA). It provides examples of life-event driven e-government portals in Slovenia and Dubai. The document argues that identifying fundamental e-services will promote reuse and integration. It proposes a combined SOA and cloud computing approach to provide an effective implementation of Iraq's e-governance plan and fast adoption of e-services.
The Role of Technology Acceptance Model in Explaining Effect on E-Commerce Ap...IJMIT JOURNAL
Today e-commerce has become crucial element to transform some of the world countries into an information society. Business to consumer (B2C) in the developing countries is not yet a normalcy as compared to the developed countries. Consumer behaviour research has shown disappointing results regarding the overall use of the Web for online shopping, despite its considerable promise as a channel for commerce. As the use of the Internet continues to grow in all aspects of daily life, there is an increasing need to better understand what trends of internet usage and to study the barriers and problem of ecommerce adoption. Hence, the purpose of this research is to define how far Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) contributed in e-commerce adoption. Data for this study was collected by the means of a survey conducted in Malaysia in 2010. A total of 611 questionnaire forms were delivered to respondents. The location of respondents was within Penang state. By studying this sample, conclusions would be drawn to generalize the interests of the population.
The document discusses the challenges cities face with rapid urbanization and overburdened infrastructure. It introduces the 360 Smart City Framework developed by Deloitte to help cities define goals and priorities through a discovery process before implementing smart city solutions. The framework addresses domains like transportation, environment, health, and public safety. The document also describes CitySynergy, a platform developed by Deloitte to integrate siloed city systems and data to improve decision-making and services through a centralized command center. Case studies show how the framework and platform have helped cities like Cascais improve functions like mobility, waste management, and service request resolution.
IRJET- A Reflection on Big Data Business Analytics in Smart CitiesIRJET Journal
This document discusses how big data and business analytics can impact smart cities. It begins by defining key terms like big data, business analytics, and smart cities. Big data refers to very large and complex datasets, while business analytics uses data analysis to provide insights and inform decision making. Smart cities use information technologies to improve services for citizens. The document then explains how smart cities generate and collect large amounts of data from various sources. Business within smart cities can use this big data through big data business analytics to gain insights and improve operations. However, applying big data business analytics in smart cities also presents emerging issues that need to be addressed.
MACHINE LEARNING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR AUTOMATING E-GOVERNMENT SERV...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using machine learning and artificial intelligence to automate e-government services. It proposes developing convolutional neural network models to identify public sentiments on government programs from online forums. This could help governments automatically analyze citizen feedback. The document also discusses challenges to expanding e-government, like developing expertise and ensuring security and privacy. Overall, it argues that applying advanced AI techniques can help improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government services.
Similaire à A NOVEL SOA FOR E-CITY WITH THE INCREASE OF CITIZENS PARTICIPATION APPROACH (20)
Factors affecting undergraduate students’ motivation at a university in Tra VinhAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Motivation plays an important role in foreign language learning process. This study aimed to
investigate student’s motivation patterns towards English language learning at a University in Tra Vinh, and factors
affecting their motivation change toward English language learning of non-English-major students in the semester.
The researcher used semi-structured interview at the first phase of choosing the participants and writing reflection
through the instrument called “My English Learning Motivation History” adapted from Sawyer (2007) to collect
qualitative data within 15 weeks. The participants consisted of nine first year non-English-major students who learning
General English at pre-intermediate level. They were chosen and divided into three groups of three members each
(high motivation group; average motivation group; and low motivation group). The results of the present study
identified six visual motivation patterns of three groups of students with different motivation fluctuation, through the
use of cluster analysis. The study also indicated a diversity of factors affecting students’ motivation involving internal
factors as influencing factors (cognitive, psychology, and emotion) and external factors as social factors (instructor,
peers, family, and learning environment) during English language learning in a period of 15 weeks. The findings of
the study helped teacher understand relationship of motivation change and its influential factors. Furthermore, the
findings also inspired next research about motivation development in learning English process.
KEY WORDS: language learning motivation, motivation change, motivation patterns, influential factors, students’
motivation.
STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF HUZHOU TOURISMAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Huzhou has rich tourism resources, as early as a considerable development since the reform and
opening up, especially in recent years, Huzhou tourism has ushered in a new period of development
opportunities. At present, Huzhou tourism has become one of the most characteristic tourist cities on the East
China tourism line. With the development of Huzhou City, the tourism industry has been further improved, and
the tourism degree of the whole city has further increased the transformation and upgrading of the tourism
industry. However, the development of tourism in Huzhou City still lags far behind the tourism development of
major cities in East China. This round of research mainly analyzes the current development of tourism in
Huzhou City, on the basis of analyzing the specific situation, pointed out that the current development of
Huzhou tourism problems, and then analyzes these problems one by one, and put forward some specific
solutions, so as to promote the further rapid development of tourism in Huzhou City.
KEYWORDS:Huzhou; Travel; Development
UR BHatti Academy dedicated to providing the finest IT courses training in the world. Under the guidance of experienced trainer Usman Rasheed Bhatti, we have established ourselves as a professional online training firm offering unparalleled courses in Pakistan. Our academy is a trailblazer in Dijkot, being the first institute to officially provide training to all students at their preferred schedules, led by real-world industry professionals and Google certified staff.
The Impact of Work Stress and Digital Literacy on Employee Performance at PT ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :This research aims to analyze the correlation between employee work stress and digital literacy
with employee performance at PT Telkom Akses Area Cirebon, both concurrently and partially. Employing a
quantitative approach, the study's objectives are descriptive and causal, adopting a positivist paradigm with a
deductive approach to theory development and a survey research strategy. Findings reveal that work stress
negatively and significantly impacts employee performance, while digital literacy positively and significantly
affects it. Simultaneously, work stress and digital literacy have a positive and significant influence on employee
performance. It is anticipated that company management will devise workload management strategies to
alleviate work stress and assess the implementation of more efficient digital technology to enhance employee
performance.
KEYWORDS -digital literacy, employee performance,job stress, multiple regression analysis, workload
management
A NOVEL SOA FOR E-CITY WITH THE INCREASE OF CITIZENS PARTICIPATION APPROACH
1. International Journal of Information Technology, Modeling and Computing (IJITMC) Vol.1,No.4, November 2013
DOI : 10.5121/ijitmc.2013.1411 101
A NOVEL SOA FOR E-CITY WITH THE INCREASE OF
CITIZENS PARTICIPATION APPROACH
Sajjad Hashemi1
1
Department of Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad
University, West Azarbayjan, Iran
ABSTRACT
In today's world the amazing development of IT caused more attention of governments and businesses to
take advantage of it. In the meantime Cities have action to create electronic city, using IT and according to
the needs of city managers to new ideas for managing the City and maximum participation of citizens in
municipal affairs. For the success of e-city In addition to providing the necessary infrastructures and
secure environment for data exchange citizens participation and interaction with government and private
agencies should be considered. Because one of the factor keys to success in electronic city is people
attention and their use of electronic city's services. Service oriented architecture is an appropriate
approach to increase citizens’ participation in municipal affairs with an increased interoperability between
different organizations and integration between inter-organizational systems. In this paper, we’ve offered a
new architecture, studying electronic city layers and focusing on the benefits of service-oriented
architecture, to increase participation of citizens’ in electronic city systems and Creating of a Secure
environment to provide accurate information and efficient services to users.
KEYWORDS
Electronic City, Service Oriented Architecture, Information Systems, Participation, Security.
1. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, using advantages of IT hopefully establishes new societies known as information
society [1, 2]. The emergence of information society is shown in topics such as e-city. The first
major and fundamental step towards establishing an e-government in the world backs to
Singapore„s program for information technology development in 1992. Then, in 1993,
America's national infrastructure development project was formulated and launched to expand
ICT infrastructure. In this year, South Korean also provided project to national infrastructure
development of ICT, and made it operational [3]. Countries such as Japan, Taiwan and the United
Kingdom have followed major plans in this area, during 1993 to 1996. There is no exact date
given creation of e-cities. But it should be stated that the plan to establish for such cities backs
to the date of creation and development of e-government. Thus, one can say that the first e-
city is only 10 years old and within this distance, big e-cities such as Boston, Dubai, Berlin
and Toronto each with different approach have been launched [1, 3, 4].
The modern definition to e-city is a city that most of its activities are conducted by E-
Systems and internet and its goal is citizens access to all departments and other required
information in a sustainable manner, reliable and privacy in all 24 hours of the day and it also
2. International Journal of Information Technology, Modeling and Computing (IJITMC) Vol.1,No.4, November 2013
102
has its roots and foundation in information technology [5]. In other words a smart city is a
program that focuses on modernization and upgrade of the engineering networks to create a
general information space at a specific region [6].
Rapid growth of cities and it„s overtaking capabilities and resources of city managers have
massive challenged them in providing adequate city services. Observations show that in the field
of big city management, the development of development of information and communication
technology have caused fundamental developments into intelligence systems management
and control over municipal affairs that in return this development of ITC is proposed in the form
of e-city[1, 7]. Therefore, codification of a framework for the architecture of e-city is one of
the first and most important steps, and includes the major components such as transforming from
current situation to a desired one that are general guidelines and lines of e-city development[1,
2]. One of the main steps of e-city evolution is integration which makes the establishing an
intelligent efficient relationship with users in order to answering a wide range of questions,
problems and their needs possible. To integration of information systems in e-city, numerous
ways have been proposed. service oriented architecture (SOA) and distributed object oriented
computing technologies are the most important approaches used in this field[1].
In this paper through studying e-city architecture and challenges of information systems in
electronic city layers and with concentrating on advantages of service oriented architecture a new
architecture has been offered, to Increase citizens‟ participation in electronic city systems and
improve the security of electronic city‟s systems and their provided services and also overcoming
the challenges of information systems.
2. ELECTRONICS CITY ARCHITECTURE
Generally considering e-city as a structure for offering e-services to citizens, its layers includes
of stakeholders, service offering channels, e-services and technology platforms[8]. The highest
layer consists of citizens, industries, companies and even government agencies. The next layer
that acts as a communication channel can include various types of browsers or
telecommunications equipment. A vast set of e-services such as e-learning, e-banking, e-
insurance and others are categorized into e-services layer. The last layer which platforms which
offer e-services are placed on, which this platforms in one hand are distributed various
places and among organizations, and each one is designed with specific technology on the
other coordinate and interoperability capabilities with other platforms [8]. Considering the e-city
architecture, each one of its layers has requirements that we express some of them [1, 9, 10, and
11]:
Stakeholders (citizens, organizations, tourists, etc.):
• Simplicity of find and identify services and use of them
• Simplicity of learning to use of e-services
• Selection of the best option from various service providers
• Citizen participation in municipal affairs
• Spend lowest cost to reach the best municipal services.
Service offering channels:
• Qualitative features (reliability, security, etc.)
• Proper extension and coverage
• Existence of proper infrastructure and platform
• Political and governmental support
• Service providing with best quality and in minimum time possible
3. International Journal of Information Technology, Modeling and Computing (IJITMC) Vol.1,No.4, November 2013
103
• Support of different communication protocols
E-services:
• Ability to be offered by various channels
• Reuse allowed
• Flexibility and Dynamism
• Ability to combining and providing of new services
• Coordination of technology and business
• Ability to easy identify and discovery
• Hide the internal implementation
Technology platforms and information systems:
• Interoperability of systems and platforms
• Standards observance
• Comprehensiveness and integrity of the internal data and processes
• Balance between profitable and non-profitable services
There are many various information systems in an e-city and one of the biggest challenges
is providing a new architecture for integration of information systems, security and the
interaction between them to provide detailed information as well as useful services to the
users. Hence, with review of SOA, we propose a new service oriented architecture to explain
collaborative strategies and overcome the challenges of the security of information systems.
3. SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE
Service oriented architecture is a style of design, which concentrates on all aspects of creating and
using of business services throughout their life cycle. It also is a method to provide required
infrastructures for the exchange of information between different software with any operating
system and programming language they‟ve been created [1, 12]. SOA is a standard framework
which in it, the services are built, deployment and management, and its aims is the increase of
agility of IT in order to fast respond to business changes[13, 10]. Use of this architecture, will
improve the integrated management of city network and also speed, reliability and security will
be increased [6].
The main motivation of the proposed service-oriented architecture is to deal with challenges such
as the lack of interaction and integration of all organizational information systems, differences
between IT experts and business experts in opinions and vocabulary and lack of the IT‟s ability to
adapt the business‟s changes speed according to the organizations constant need to changing of
processes and services.
The most important objectives (motivation) of providing a SOA are as follows [1, 14]:
1) Improvement of flexibility and level of reuse of software components
2) IT flexibility to respond to continuous changes in business
3) Standardization and integration of platforms and IT infrastructure
4) Upgrade the IT coordinated with business
5) Improvement of the interaction between Enterprises.
Regarding The Service Oriented Architecture capabilities that are mentioned above Service-
oriented architecture is a suitable platform for integrating information systems and the interaction
4. International Journal of Information Technology, Modeling and Computing (IJITMC) Vol.1,No.4, November 2013
104
between them. The results of comparing the capabilities of the proposed approaches to
information systems have been shown in table 1.
4. PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE
Just as we‟ve noticed, to success of E-city in addition to providing the necessary infrastructures
and secure environment for data interchange citizens‟ participation and interaction with
government and private agencies should also be considered. Because one of the factor keys in the
success of e-city is attention of people and their use of e-city services. Service Oriented
Architecture is an appropriate approach for increasing citizens‟ participation in municipal affairs
with the increasing interoperability between different organizations and integration between inter-
organizational systems. Offered architecture according to above-mentioned problems in
electronic city systems includes these layers: user-oriented service layer, strategies for
collaboration layer, security service layer, application-oriented interface layer, data services layer,
information infrastructure layer. The 6-layer offered architecture is shown in figure 1.
FIG.1. THE PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE FOR THE INCREASE OF CITIZENS PARTICIPATION IN E-CITY
According to the architecture needs, each of the layers is responsible to the following tasks:
TABLE 1: COMPARING DIFFERENT ARCHITECTURES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Agility Interaction Integration Participation Reuse Security
SOA High High High Depends on Depends on High
Web/Client Low High
intermediate
High
intermediate
High
intermediate
Average High
intermediate
Client/Server Low Average High
intermediate
High
intermediate
Average High
intermediate
Single APP No Low Low Very low No Low
Batch No No No No No Very low
5. International Journal of Information Technology, Modeling and Computing (IJITMC) Vol.1,No.4, November 2013
105
1) The user-oriented service layer: This layer provides application services for
organizations, users and etc., and also sometimes some of these services are a
combination of each other.
2) Participation strategies Layer: This layer has been placed for explaining policies and
Strategies to get maximum attraction of citizens to participate in E-City.
3) The application-oriented interface layer: This layer provides the integration of
required infrastructure for data transfer and applications to the ultimate aim over the
network.
4) Security service layer: This layer is used to provide security and securely and reliably
service to users.
5) The data services layer: This layer is applied to organize and process information,
information management and systems data services, city data and assign them to the
knowledge base.
6) The information infrastructure layer: This layer is used to provide municipal
information systems.
4.1. Provided services by this architecture
Generally the services provided on the portal, according to their providers, user groups and
business properties are:
Public services for residents, such as Tax services, Healthcare services, Police services,
Law services, fire services, which are provided by the public sector.
Public services for businesses, such as tax services, health services, police services, Law
services, which are provided by the public sector.
Information services, such as phone, climate, geographic information, information about
facility, traffic and hotels services information, which are provided by Non-profit and for-
profit commercial companies and are useful for residents and tourists.
Entertainment services, such as games services, tourism services, Non-profit and for-
profit commercial companies
Communication service for open communication, such as community for human
resources, tourists, students, drivers, homeowners.
4.2. Evaluation of proposed architecture
To increase participation of citizens some strategies should be used. Such as:
Collaboration of a city‟s different information systems: With this strategy, urban
stakeholders can easily interact with urban systems, and receive their desired Services
through the city portal. By collaboration of different city systems, municipal stakeholders
are only aware of law and their concerns and nothing more. Also the workflow is carried
out by workflow management system.
Hide the internal complexity from stakeholders: this causes the simplicity of receiving
services from urban service providers and encourages the city stakeholders and increases
the participation rate.
Stakeholders‟ emphasis on quality control instead of the process control: it is completely
supported by the concept of orchestration.
Easy identification of services possibility: using this approach can attract the participation
of the users who have less knowledge.
6. International Journal of Information Technology, Modeling and Computing (IJITMC) Vol.1,No.4, November 2013
106
Transparency of inputs and outputs: urban stakeholders declare their applications and
desired once, and the result will be sent to them. These factors encourage them to do their
jobs using electronic services.
Reuse of municipal services and service composition.
The independency of the services during calls by various stakeholders.
Creation of security and a secure platform for provided services.
5. CONCLUSIONS
The purposes of e-cities are citizens' access to all required information in entire week and at all
hours and in a stable, reliable and confidential manner. Citizens‟ attention and their use of
electronic city's services are critical because one of the factor keys in the success of e-city is
participation and interaction of citizens with government and private agencies. Service Oriented
Architecture is an appropriate approach for increasing citizens‟ participation in municipal affairs
with the increasing interoperability between different organizations and integration between inter-
organizational systems. In this paper we‟ve studied electronic city layers and have focused on the
benefits of service-oriented architecture, then proposed a 6-layered architecture including: user-
oriented service layer, strategies for collaboration layer, security service layer, application-
oriented interface layer, data services layer, information infrastructure layer. The proposed
Architecture with stated strategies can raise the citizens‟ participation to use municipal services,
and also provide a secure and Interoperable platform for electronic city‟s information systems.
REFERENCES
[1] Sajjad, Hashemi, Seyyed Yasser Hashemi,” A Novel Service Oriented Architecture For Integration of
Information Systems In Electronic City”, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC &
TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 1, ISSUE 11, pp.6-9, DECEMBER 2012.
[2] Freeman, P. and Aspary, W., “The Supply of Information Technology Workers in the United
States,Washington D.C. “,Published by Jossey-Bass, A Wiley Company, pp. 5-20,1999.
[3] Smart GIS/IT, “The city of cape town in south Africa has pursued a „smart city‟ goal through the
integration of GIS with it systems”, GEOconnexion International Magazine, 2007.
[4] Berntzen, L., Olsen, M.G, “Benchmarking e-Government – A Comparative Review of Three
International Benchmarking Studies”, This paper appears in: Digital Society, ICDS „09. Third
International Conference on, pp. 77 – 82, 13 February 2009.
[5] E. Asgharizadeh, M. AjalliGeshlajoughi, and S. R. SafaviMirmahalleh ,” Identification of the
Electronic City Application Obstacles in Iran “,International Journal of Human and Social, pp. 15-
163, 2009.
[6] EvgenDuravkin,E., “Using SOA for development of information system (Smart city)”, Modern
Problems of Radio Engineering, Telecommunications and Computer Science (TCSET), pp. 258 –
258, 12 April 2010.
[7] M.R. Zynoddini, An Enterprise Architecture Framework for Electronic City, Master Thesis, Payame
Noor University, Iran, 2011.
[8] A. Mahjorian, F. Shams. “Designing a Service-oriented Enterprise based on SOA Principles.”, The
6th Intl. Conf. on Information and Communication Technology Management, Tehran, Iran, pp. 1-6,
February 2010.
[9] D. Zhu, Y. Li, J. Shi, Y. Xu, W. Shen, “service-oriented city portal framework and collaborative
development platform”, Journal of Information Sciences, Vol.179, No. 1,pp. 2606–2617, 2009.
[10] Arsanjani, A., “Service Oriented Modeling and Architecture”, In: IBM Business Consulting Services,
pp. 1-4, 2004.
[11] PouriaAmirian, Ali A. Alesheikh, AnahidBassiri, “Standards-based, interoperable services for
accessing urban services data for the city of Tehran”, presented at Computers, Environment and
Urban Systems, pp. 309-321, 2010.
[12] Newcomer, E., Lomow, G., “Understanding SOA with Web Service”, Pearson Education, 2005.
[13] Thomas Erl, “Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA): Concepts, Technology, And Design”, Prentice
Hall Ptr, 760 p., 2005.
7. International Journal of Information Technology, Modeling and Computing (IJITMC) Vol.1,No.4, November 2013
107
[14] Patriatech group, “Need to Service Oriented Architecture”, 2012,
http://www.partiatech.com/solution/soa/index.php [accessed: 2 May 2012].
Authors
Sajjad Hashemi is a M.Sc. student in Computer Engineering Department, Science and
Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, West Azarbayjan, Iran.