This document summarizes a case study on the adoption and use of e-procurement (eP) by HM Sdn. Bhd., a Malaysian construction company. The study found that complexity and compatibility were key inhibitor factors for middle and top management in adopting and using eP. Managers found the eP system difficult to use, which contributed to its low adoption rate. While eP provides benefits like cost savings, its perceived complexity increased reluctance to use it for daily business transactions. The company invested heavily in eP but failed to maximize its advantages, risking a loss of competitiveness in the market.
This document describes a study that aimed to validate an instrument for measuring e-procurement usage among Malaysian contractors. The researchers adapted a questionnaire from previous studies and distributed it to 115 respondents. They conducted exploratory factor analysis on the questionnaire's multi-item constructs. The analysis found that all constructs contained one dimension and had high factor loadings and reliability. This suggests the adapted questionnaire is a valid and reliable way to measure e-procurement usage among Malaysian contractors.
The document discusses the impact of e-procurement systems on the construction industry in Malaysia. It begins with definitions of e-procurement and describes how it allows construction industry stakeholders like owners, designers, contractors, and suppliers to have immediate access to information and enable real-time collaboration. It then discusses Malaysia's national e-procurement system called e-Perolehan, the challenges of adopting e-procurement, and the benefits it provides to both suppliers and the government through more efficient procurement processes.
The document discusses the impact of e-procurement systems on the construction industry in Malaysia. It begins with definitions of e-procurement and describes how it allows construction industry stakeholders like owners, designers, contractors, and suppliers to have immediate access to information and enable real-time collaboration. The document then discusses Malaysia's national e-procurement system called e-Perolehan, the challenges of adopting e-procurement, and the benefits it provides to both suppliers and the government through more efficient procurement processes.
E procurement and performance of service organizations in ugandaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes research on the relationship between e-procurement and organizational performance in Uganda. A survey of 202 employees at selected service organizations found a significant relationship, with e-procurement helping to increase efficiency, streamline processes, and improve competitiveness. The researchers recommend that the government support adoption of e-procurement and that organizations invest in IT to realize potential benefits. Effective e-procurement can improve various aspects of organizational performance.
This document summarizes literature on the adoption of e-procurement practices in the construction industry. It reviews 103 research papers from various countries and identifies key factors influencing adoption. Commonly used models for understanding adoption include the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework. Barriers to adoption include management resistance, lack of resources, security concerns, and inadequate employee skills. Drivers include cost savings, increased transparency, and improved supplier relationships. Adoption varies between countries and sectors due to differences in industry structure, regulations, and levels of technology use.
The document discusses the relevance of information technology in the effective management of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Lagos, Nigeria. It finds that the use of information technology by SME managements can help improve productivity, market shares, and management effectiveness. However, SMEs in Nigeria have yet to fully harness the benefits of information technology for functions like efficient management, customer service, and business operations. The study recommends education and training to increase awareness and literacy of information technology among SME managers and employees.
The Importance of E-Commerce in Terms of Local Development: A Study in Turkey1inventionjournals
Internet is a great technology as well as a vast information storage, communication tool, trading platform, education field, business and entertainment environment. Internet is also the front door of the change and development and especially of the information community that is the bearer and courier of the development existing in the scientific and technologic fields. For this reason, E-commerce, which leaves its mark on the world market and gains more importance against the classic type of trade, also occupies a quite important position in national economy. The objective of our study is; to examine this commerce platform that is established as of today in city of Gümüşhane (Turkey) and to research the potential of E-commerce with regards to national economies and the factors that effect this potential.
Framework for Securing Educational E-Government Serviceijcisjournal
Enhancement in technology is leading to a change in the way governments, individuals, institutions and
business entities provide quality services to the citizen. Today's education system plays crucial role for
developing cognizance in society so e-government service is obliged to integrate with educational system.
In this work we proposed a novel framework for integrating educational service within e-government
services. One of the main tasks of this paper is to explore or propose a Secure Examination Management
System (SEMS). The system has been designed using cryptographic primitives, which enables students to
take the exam from anywhere. The student is allowed to take the exam after he gives his necessary
authentication details. In SEMS, it is important to exclude false students while ensuring the privacy for the
honest students. It allows evaluators to share student examination papers for evaluation with proper
authentication. This is done using digital signatures, authentication and confidentiality provided by public
key cryptographic system.
This document describes a study that aimed to validate an instrument for measuring e-procurement usage among Malaysian contractors. The researchers adapted a questionnaire from previous studies and distributed it to 115 respondents. They conducted exploratory factor analysis on the questionnaire's multi-item constructs. The analysis found that all constructs contained one dimension and had high factor loadings and reliability. This suggests the adapted questionnaire is a valid and reliable way to measure e-procurement usage among Malaysian contractors.
The document discusses the impact of e-procurement systems on the construction industry in Malaysia. It begins with definitions of e-procurement and describes how it allows construction industry stakeholders like owners, designers, contractors, and suppliers to have immediate access to information and enable real-time collaboration. It then discusses Malaysia's national e-procurement system called e-Perolehan, the challenges of adopting e-procurement, and the benefits it provides to both suppliers and the government through more efficient procurement processes.
The document discusses the impact of e-procurement systems on the construction industry in Malaysia. It begins with definitions of e-procurement and describes how it allows construction industry stakeholders like owners, designers, contractors, and suppliers to have immediate access to information and enable real-time collaboration. The document then discusses Malaysia's national e-procurement system called e-Perolehan, the challenges of adopting e-procurement, and the benefits it provides to both suppliers and the government through more efficient procurement processes.
E procurement and performance of service organizations in ugandaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes research on the relationship between e-procurement and organizational performance in Uganda. A survey of 202 employees at selected service organizations found a significant relationship, with e-procurement helping to increase efficiency, streamline processes, and improve competitiveness. The researchers recommend that the government support adoption of e-procurement and that organizations invest in IT to realize potential benefits. Effective e-procurement can improve various aspects of organizational performance.
This document summarizes literature on the adoption of e-procurement practices in the construction industry. It reviews 103 research papers from various countries and identifies key factors influencing adoption. Commonly used models for understanding adoption include the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework. Barriers to adoption include management resistance, lack of resources, security concerns, and inadequate employee skills. Drivers include cost savings, increased transparency, and improved supplier relationships. Adoption varies between countries and sectors due to differences in industry structure, regulations, and levels of technology use.
The document discusses the relevance of information technology in the effective management of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Lagos, Nigeria. It finds that the use of information technology by SME managements can help improve productivity, market shares, and management effectiveness. However, SMEs in Nigeria have yet to fully harness the benefits of information technology for functions like efficient management, customer service, and business operations. The study recommends education and training to increase awareness and literacy of information technology among SME managers and employees.
The Importance of E-Commerce in Terms of Local Development: A Study in Turkey1inventionjournals
Internet is a great technology as well as a vast information storage, communication tool, trading platform, education field, business and entertainment environment. Internet is also the front door of the change and development and especially of the information community that is the bearer and courier of the development existing in the scientific and technologic fields. For this reason, E-commerce, which leaves its mark on the world market and gains more importance against the classic type of trade, also occupies a quite important position in national economy. The objective of our study is; to examine this commerce platform that is established as of today in city of Gümüşhane (Turkey) and to research the potential of E-commerce with regards to national economies and the factors that effect this potential.
Framework for Securing Educational E-Government Serviceijcisjournal
Enhancement in technology is leading to a change in the way governments, individuals, institutions and
business entities provide quality services to the citizen. Today's education system plays crucial role for
developing cognizance in society so e-government service is obliged to integrate with educational system.
In this work we proposed a novel framework for integrating educational service within e-government
services. One of the main tasks of this paper is to explore or propose a Secure Examination Management
System (SEMS). The system has been designed using cryptographic primitives, which enables students to
take the exam from anywhere. The student is allowed to take the exam after he gives his necessary
authentication details. In SEMS, it is important to exclude false students while ensuring the privacy for the
honest students. It allows evaluators to share student examination papers for evaluation with proper
authentication. This is done using digital signatures, authentication and confidentiality provided by public
key cryptographic system.
This document summarizes a chapter on Thailand's citizen-centric e-government services. It discusses three key points:
1. Thailand has made progress in developing e-government through various projects and initiatives, but early efforts lacked integration between government agencies.
2. More recent strategies have placed greater emphasis on governance and citizen engagement in both front-end and back-end services.
3. Continued challenges include clearly defining governance and maintaining high citizen attention, while leading the country toward a smarter and more sustainable future.
E-government Implementation in Kenya, an evaluation of Factors hindering or p...Editor IJCATR
This document discusses factors that influence the successful implementation of e-government projects in Kenya. It analyzes a survey conducted with officials and citizens to evaluate seven factors related to e-government success and failure based on Heeks' Factor Model.
The survey found that key success factors for e-government in Kenya included having a good strategy, strong internal and external support, competent employees, and adequate funding. Meanwhile, the main failure factors were weak ICT infrastructure, poor project management, and inadequate consideration of user needs in system design. The study provides recommendations to policymakers on addressing weaknesses and promoting strengths to improve e-government implementation.
E business an appraisal in enhancing accountability in service delivery and e...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses the impacts of e-business on accountability in service delivery, productivity, and economic growth. It reviews previous literature that has examined both the positive and negative environmental effects of e-commerce.
2) The literature review finds that e-business can increase productivity and efficiency within companies by up to 60%, and that it has the potential to reduce waste, inventory needs, and the use of paper. However, e-commerce may also increase transportation and packaging waste from shipping.
3) The document examines how e-business impacts accountability in service delivery through identity management and proposes requirements for identity services to provide accountability, such as properly assessing identity data and maintaining identity information over long periods of time.
The Role of Technology Acceptance Model in Explaining Effect on E-Commerce Ap...IJMIT JOURNAL
Today e-commerce has become crucial element to transform some of the world countries into an information society. Business to consumer (B2C) in the developing countries is not yet a normalcy as compared to the developed countries. Consumer behaviour research has shown disappointing results regarding the overall use of the Web for online shopping, despite its considerable promise as a channel for commerce. As the use of the Internet continues to grow in all aspects of daily life, there is an increasing need to better understand what trends of internet usage and to study the barriers and problem of ecommerce adoption. Hence, the purpose of this research is to define how far Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) contributed in e-commerce adoption. Data for this study was collected by the means of a survey conducted in Malaysia in 2010. A total of 611 questionnaire forms were delivered to respondents. The location of respondents was within Penang state. By studying this sample, conclusions would be drawn to generalize the interests of the population.
This document discusses the need for integrated e-governance services in Uttarakhand, India using an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. It notes that while many government departments in Uttarakhand have implemented e-governance modules, the services are still not integrated and citizens must access separate websites for each department. The document proposes integrating these services through a single portal using ERP. It reviews Uttarakhand's current e-governance initiatives and discusses how ERP could help provide shared resources, online availability, and an interoperable environment for improved citizen services. The document concludes by outlining some challenges to implementing ERP in the public sector but emphasizes the benefits it could provide
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
This document provides an overview of a research study on e-commerce adoption in Indonesia. It discusses factors that influence e-commerce adoption in developing countries like political conditions, economic factors, technology infrastructure and more. It then provides details on e-commerce adoption levels and benefits. The study aims to assess e-commerce adoption in Indonesia by examining the adoption level, benefits, challenges and problems organizations face. Preliminary findings indicate positive growth of e-commerce in Indonesia.
A Proposed Transformation Model for Integration Between E-justice Application...Eswar Publications
The electronic services become an important integral part of the Information Systems which supported by the term e-government. Many traditional business systems are now shifting to electronic systems and that in the midst of tremendous information, which is stored inside these systems. There are many researches in business information systems and their importance and advantages. Transforming business information systems to gain profit especially in government services is more difficult. This paper discusses the factors effects on the transformation of business information system represented in the State Council of Egypt information systems as a case study to an electronic inquiries system.
This document summarizes research on the adoption of e-procurement in Hong Kong. It begins by defining e-procurement and describing how it is changing procurement practices. It then reviews literature on the benefits of e-procurement such as reduced costs and increased efficiency. The document presents results from the authors' empirical study on the critical success factors and barriers to adopting e-procurement in Hong Kong. It finds that educating companies on both long and short-term benefits can encourage adoption. Critical success factors include financial support, compatibility with existing systems, management support, understanding company priorities, and security systems. The framework developed from this study can help other countries implement successful e-procurement policies and strategies.
The Situation of E-Governance in Bangladesh, State Policy and ActionUday Kumar Shil
This document provides an overview of e-governance in Bangladesh, including definitions of key terms, objectives, challenges, the current situation, and state policies. It discusses the types of e-governance (G2E, G2C, G2G, G2B) and how e-governance can promote transparency, reduce corruption and bureaucracy. While e-governance provides benefits like increased convenience, establishing the necessary infrastructure is costly and cybersecurity presents ongoing challenges.
Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology of e government services i...Conference Papers
This document describes a study that developed and validated a survey instrument to understand technology acceptance of an e-Government system called MYGOVSVC among Malaysian government employees. A literature review was conducted on previous studies applying the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model to e-Government systems. A 21-item survey was developed containing questions on performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, and facilitating conditions. The survey was translated to Malay and validated with stakeholders. It was administered to 419 government employees and results found the survey to be reliable in measuring acceptance of the MYGOVSVC system. The validated survey can be used to help improve e-Government services for Malaysian citizens.
This document discusses how ICT can be used to fight corruption in government. It provides examples of e-government systems and initiatives that several countries have implemented to increase transparency and reduce opportunities for corruption. These include putting rural property records online in India, restructuring the tax system in Pakistan to reduce direct citizen-official contact, and establishing e-procurement systems to prevent price fixing and allow public accountability. The document also outlines some of the challenges of implementing e-government systems, such as overcoming social, political, and infrastructure constraints. Overall, the document advocates for the use of ICT tools like e-government, e-procurement, and e-payment to enhance transparency, accountability, and anti-corruption goals in the public
E-governance aims to simplify government processes for citizens, businesses, and within government using information and communication technologies. The key purposes are to promote transparency and efficiency in governance. India has implemented several e-governance initiatives and mission mode projects at the central and state level targeting sectors like banking, immigration, and municipalities. However, challenges remain around infrastructure, digital literacy, language barriers, awareness, integration between government departments, and security/privacy of citizen data. Overcoming these challenges will require improved literacy, ICT growth, effective project implementation, user-friendly interfaces, population control, and greater public awareness of e-governance services.
This document analyzes the implementation of an e-procurement system by the Electronic Procurement Service Unit (LPSE) in Kepulauan Riau Province, Indonesia. It finds that the implementation was effective, with a score of 3.27 out of 5, due to factors like clear objectives, regulations, and adequate resources. However, political processes had a strong influence on the system, accounting for 97.4% of impacts. The researchers conclude that strong political will is needed to effectively implement e-procurement and reduce corruption in public procurement.
E-government aims to improve government effectiveness, efficiency, and services using information and communication technologies. However, implementing e-government in Pakistan faces several challenges including lack of ICT infrastructure, privacy/security issues, lack of qualified personnel and training, digital divide, unstable political policies, and high financial costs. A key organization working on e-government in Pakistan is the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority, which regulates telecommunications but struggles with technical, security, staffing, and political challenges to effective e-government.
The document discusses the opportunities and challenges of eGovernment initiatives. It identifies 7 key opportunities: 1) cost reduction and efficiency gains, 2) quality of service delivery, 3) transparency and accountability, 4) increased government capacity, 5) network and community creation, 6) improved decision making, and 7) promoting ICT use in other sectors. It also outlines 7 major challenges to successful eGovernment implementation: 1) ICT infrastructure issues, 2) necessary policy and legal changes, 3) developing human capital and skills, 4) managing organizational change, 5) facilitating partnerships and collaboration, 6) establishing a clear strategy, and 7) strong leadership. Examples are provided for each opportunity and challenge area.
FACTORS AFFECTING E-GOVERNMENT ADOPTION IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGOIRJET Journal
The document discusses factors affecting adoption of e-government services in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It examines a study that surveyed 100 citizens and used regression analysis to investigate the impact of parameters from an extended Darmawan acceptance model, including information security factors. The findings showed that citizens' adoption of e-government is influenced by information confidentiality, integrity, availability, accountability, and non-repudiation.
This document discusses identity management infrastructure implemented by the United Arab Emirates government. It aims to address identity and trust issues in e-government services. The UAE established a national identity management program in 2004 that issues secure identity cards containing biometric and personal information. This creates a trusted system for authentication and access to online government services through a single login. The identity infrastructure is designed with security measures like public key infrastructure to protect personal data and enable electronic identity verification, authentication, and digital signatures. It is intended to facilitate information sharing across government agencies and improve delivery of citizen-centric e-government services.
Short Paper Description Page 1. Online assignment writing service.Samantha Martinez
This document provides three examples of how natural disasters can be viewed differently than just frightening events caused by nature. First, it suggests we may have partial responsibility for natural disasters due to how we influence and treat the earth's environments. Second, it discusses how literature can provide an alternative perspective on natural disasters. It then summarizes one poem from the book "Black Nature" that depicts a natural disaster, an earthquake, from the perspective of how it impacts people rather than just being a natural event.
PPT - Parts Of An Argumentative Essay PowerPoint Presentation, FreeSamantha Martinez
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete an order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions until satisfied. It emphasizes original, high-quality work and refunds for plagiarism.
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This document summarizes a chapter on Thailand's citizen-centric e-government services. It discusses three key points:
1. Thailand has made progress in developing e-government through various projects and initiatives, but early efforts lacked integration between government agencies.
2. More recent strategies have placed greater emphasis on governance and citizen engagement in both front-end and back-end services.
3. Continued challenges include clearly defining governance and maintaining high citizen attention, while leading the country toward a smarter and more sustainable future.
E-government Implementation in Kenya, an evaluation of Factors hindering or p...Editor IJCATR
This document discusses factors that influence the successful implementation of e-government projects in Kenya. It analyzes a survey conducted with officials and citizens to evaluate seven factors related to e-government success and failure based on Heeks' Factor Model.
The survey found that key success factors for e-government in Kenya included having a good strategy, strong internal and external support, competent employees, and adequate funding. Meanwhile, the main failure factors were weak ICT infrastructure, poor project management, and inadequate consideration of user needs in system design. The study provides recommendations to policymakers on addressing weaknesses and promoting strengths to improve e-government implementation.
E business an appraisal in enhancing accountability in service delivery and e...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses the impacts of e-business on accountability in service delivery, productivity, and economic growth. It reviews previous literature that has examined both the positive and negative environmental effects of e-commerce.
2) The literature review finds that e-business can increase productivity and efficiency within companies by up to 60%, and that it has the potential to reduce waste, inventory needs, and the use of paper. However, e-commerce may also increase transportation and packaging waste from shipping.
3) The document examines how e-business impacts accountability in service delivery through identity management and proposes requirements for identity services to provide accountability, such as properly assessing identity data and maintaining identity information over long periods of time.
The Role of Technology Acceptance Model in Explaining Effect on E-Commerce Ap...IJMIT JOURNAL
Today e-commerce has become crucial element to transform some of the world countries into an information society. Business to consumer (B2C) in the developing countries is not yet a normalcy as compared to the developed countries. Consumer behaviour research has shown disappointing results regarding the overall use of the Web for online shopping, despite its considerable promise as a channel for commerce. As the use of the Internet continues to grow in all aspects of daily life, there is an increasing need to better understand what trends of internet usage and to study the barriers and problem of ecommerce adoption. Hence, the purpose of this research is to define how far Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) contributed in e-commerce adoption. Data for this study was collected by the means of a survey conducted in Malaysia in 2010. A total of 611 questionnaire forms were delivered to respondents. The location of respondents was within Penang state. By studying this sample, conclusions would be drawn to generalize the interests of the population.
This document discusses the need for integrated e-governance services in Uttarakhand, India using an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. It notes that while many government departments in Uttarakhand have implemented e-governance modules, the services are still not integrated and citizens must access separate websites for each department. The document proposes integrating these services through a single portal using ERP. It reviews Uttarakhand's current e-governance initiatives and discusses how ERP could help provide shared resources, online availability, and an interoperable environment for improved citizen services. The document concludes by outlining some challenges to implementing ERP in the public sector but emphasizes the benefits it could provide
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
This document provides an overview of a research study on e-commerce adoption in Indonesia. It discusses factors that influence e-commerce adoption in developing countries like political conditions, economic factors, technology infrastructure and more. It then provides details on e-commerce adoption levels and benefits. The study aims to assess e-commerce adoption in Indonesia by examining the adoption level, benefits, challenges and problems organizations face. Preliminary findings indicate positive growth of e-commerce in Indonesia.
A Proposed Transformation Model for Integration Between E-justice Application...Eswar Publications
The electronic services become an important integral part of the Information Systems which supported by the term e-government. Many traditional business systems are now shifting to electronic systems and that in the midst of tremendous information, which is stored inside these systems. There are many researches in business information systems and their importance and advantages. Transforming business information systems to gain profit especially in government services is more difficult. This paper discusses the factors effects on the transformation of business information system represented in the State Council of Egypt information systems as a case study to an electronic inquiries system.
This document summarizes research on the adoption of e-procurement in Hong Kong. It begins by defining e-procurement and describing how it is changing procurement practices. It then reviews literature on the benefits of e-procurement such as reduced costs and increased efficiency. The document presents results from the authors' empirical study on the critical success factors and barriers to adopting e-procurement in Hong Kong. It finds that educating companies on both long and short-term benefits can encourage adoption. Critical success factors include financial support, compatibility with existing systems, management support, understanding company priorities, and security systems. The framework developed from this study can help other countries implement successful e-procurement policies and strategies.
The Situation of E-Governance in Bangladesh, State Policy and ActionUday Kumar Shil
This document provides an overview of e-governance in Bangladesh, including definitions of key terms, objectives, challenges, the current situation, and state policies. It discusses the types of e-governance (G2E, G2C, G2G, G2B) and how e-governance can promote transparency, reduce corruption and bureaucracy. While e-governance provides benefits like increased convenience, establishing the necessary infrastructure is costly and cybersecurity presents ongoing challenges.
Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology of e government services i...Conference Papers
This document describes a study that developed and validated a survey instrument to understand technology acceptance of an e-Government system called MYGOVSVC among Malaysian government employees. A literature review was conducted on previous studies applying the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model to e-Government systems. A 21-item survey was developed containing questions on performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, and facilitating conditions. The survey was translated to Malay and validated with stakeholders. It was administered to 419 government employees and results found the survey to be reliable in measuring acceptance of the MYGOVSVC system. The validated survey can be used to help improve e-Government services for Malaysian citizens.
This document discusses how ICT can be used to fight corruption in government. It provides examples of e-government systems and initiatives that several countries have implemented to increase transparency and reduce opportunities for corruption. These include putting rural property records online in India, restructuring the tax system in Pakistan to reduce direct citizen-official contact, and establishing e-procurement systems to prevent price fixing and allow public accountability. The document also outlines some of the challenges of implementing e-government systems, such as overcoming social, political, and infrastructure constraints. Overall, the document advocates for the use of ICT tools like e-government, e-procurement, and e-payment to enhance transparency, accountability, and anti-corruption goals in the public
E-governance aims to simplify government processes for citizens, businesses, and within government using information and communication technologies. The key purposes are to promote transparency and efficiency in governance. India has implemented several e-governance initiatives and mission mode projects at the central and state level targeting sectors like banking, immigration, and municipalities. However, challenges remain around infrastructure, digital literacy, language barriers, awareness, integration between government departments, and security/privacy of citizen data. Overcoming these challenges will require improved literacy, ICT growth, effective project implementation, user-friendly interfaces, population control, and greater public awareness of e-governance services.
This document analyzes the implementation of an e-procurement system by the Electronic Procurement Service Unit (LPSE) in Kepulauan Riau Province, Indonesia. It finds that the implementation was effective, with a score of 3.27 out of 5, due to factors like clear objectives, regulations, and adequate resources. However, political processes had a strong influence on the system, accounting for 97.4% of impacts. The researchers conclude that strong political will is needed to effectively implement e-procurement and reduce corruption in public procurement.
E-government aims to improve government effectiveness, efficiency, and services using information and communication technologies. However, implementing e-government in Pakistan faces several challenges including lack of ICT infrastructure, privacy/security issues, lack of qualified personnel and training, digital divide, unstable political policies, and high financial costs. A key organization working on e-government in Pakistan is the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority, which regulates telecommunications but struggles with technical, security, staffing, and political challenges to effective e-government.
The document discusses the opportunities and challenges of eGovernment initiatives. It identifies 7 key opportunities: 1) cost reduction and efficiency gains, 2) quality of service delivery, 3) transparency and accountability, 4) increased government capacity, 5) network and community creation, 6) improved decision making, and 7) promoting ICT use in other sectors. It also outlines 7 major challenges to successful eGovernment implementation: 1) ICT infrastructure issues, 2) necessary policy and legal changes, 3) developing human capital and skills, 4) managing organizational change, 5) facilitating partnerships and collaboration, 6) establishing a clear strategy, and 7) strong leadership. Examples are provided for each opportunity and challenge area.
FACTORS AFFECTING E-GOVERNMENT ADOPTION IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGOIRJET Journal
The document discusses factors affecting adoption of e-government services in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It examines a study that surveyed 100 citizens and used regression analysis to investigate the impact of parameters from an extended Darmawan acceptance model, including information security factors. The findings showed that citizens' adoption of e-government is influenced by information confidentiality, integrity, availability, accountability, and non-repudiation.
This document discusses identity management infrastructure implemented by the United Arab Emirates government. It aims to address identity and trust issues in e-government services. The UAE established a national identity management program in 2004 that issues secure identity cards containing biometric and personal information. This creates a trusted system for authentication and access to online government services through a single login. The identity infrastructure is designed with security measures like public key infrastructure to protect personal data and enable electronic identity verification, authentication, and digital signatures. It is intended to facilitate information sharing across government agencies and improve delivery of citizen-centric e-government services.
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Short Paper Description Page 1. Online assignment writing service.Samantha Martinez
This document provides three examples of how natural disasters can be viewed differently than just frightening events caused by nature. First, it suggests we may have partial responsibility for natural disasters due to how we influence and treat the earth's environments. Second, it discusses how literature can provide an alternative perspective on natural disasters. It then summarizes one poem from the book "Black Nature" that depicts a natural disaster, an earthquake, from the perspective of how it impacts people rather than just being a natural event.
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014 Home Essay 10018 Thumb. Online assignment writing service.Samantha Martinez
Here are the key points this introduction should cover:
- Define the model of perfect competition and its key assumptions (many small firms, homogeneous products, perfect information, free entry and exit)
- Acknowledge that real world markets often deviate from this theoretical model in certain ways
- Preview that the report will investigate how different market structures (monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition) allow for deviations from perfect competition
- Mention how organizational responses to demand and market forces will be examined
- Provide an overview of the structure of the report which will identify market structures, analyze dominant market forces, and discuss competitive strategies adopted by firms
This gives the reader an overview of what will be discussed while
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
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9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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Adoption And Use Of E-Procurement A Case Study In HM Sdn. Bhd
1. Adoption and Use of E-Procurement: A Case Study in HM Sdn. Bhd.
Marhaiza Ibrahim*
School of Accountancy, College of Business,
Universiti Utara Malaysia
Abstract
The adoption and usage rate of electronic-procurement (eP) in Malaysia has been relatively slow since
the beginning of eP implementation. This highlights the need to understand the inhibitor factors of eP
adoption and usage among suppliers in Malaysia. This study examined the adoption and use of eP by the
HM Sdn. Bhd. construction company (HM), and its contribution to the Management Information System
(MIS) planning strategy in the organisation. An in-depth case study approach was employed in this study.
The respondents consisted of 21 individuals from middle and top management levels of HM using
purposive sampling procedure. The data were collected via interview and analysed using narrative
analysis method. The finding of this study highlighted that complexity and compatibility are the key
inhibitor factors in the adoption and use of eP among middle management and top management in the
company. Failure to maximise eP advantages can reduce the competitiveness of HM in the market.
Furthermore, the management had spent a huge investment to make the eP system become reality.
Keywords: e-Procurement, complexity and compatibility
1.0 Introduction
The advent of the personal computer can be seen as the starting point in economic transformation, that is,
from the industrial era to the information era. This information revolution can be traced back to the 1950s
when the transistor was invented and the first commercial computer was put to use. The latest invented
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is the Internet which has significantly changed the
economic, market, and industrial structures (Beulen, 2009; Kaliannian & Awang, 2010; Liu, Sun, Wang,
& Zhao, 2011).
The global Internet works every second, signifying that it can be exploited every time and everywhere in
the world. This simplifies the growth of Internet or electronic transactions. In other words, ICT
dramatically influences the way an organisation undertakes its business (Bertot, Jaeger, & Grimes, 2010;
Norzaidi, Chong, Murali, & Intan Salwani, 2007). Small, medium, and large firms cannot ignore the need
to integrate information networks into their strategies, operations, and performances (Liu et al., 2011;
Saeed & Abdinnour-Helm, 2008). Companies that exploit ICT have the ability to get closer to their
customers than their competitors (Bertot et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2011).
* Corresponding Author: Tel: 04-9287261
E-mail Address: marhaiza@uum.edu.
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2. Currently, governments around the globe, including Malaysia have started to bring into play the Internet
to electronically deliver services to the people. To achieve this, Malaysia launched the Multimedia Super
Corridor (MSC) project in August 1996. The main strategy is to accelerate Malaysia’s entry into the
information economy, while gearing itself toward the status of a developed nation by 2020. The MSC’s
seven flagship applications are electronic government (e-government), e-business, smart schools,
multipurpose card, tele-health, research and development clusters, and technopreneur development
(Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management Planning Unit, 2010).
Malaysia’s e-government applications are e-Procurement (Ministry Of Finance/ MoF), e-Court (Prime
Minister’s Department), Project Monitoring System (Prime Minister’s Department), e-Servicers (Ministry
of Transport), e-Land (Ministry of land Development and Coop), e-Syariah (Prime Minister’s
Department), Electronic Labour Exchange (Ministry of Human Resource), Generic Office Environment
(Prime Minister’s Department), and Human Resource Management Information System (Public Services
Department) (MAMPU, 2010). The focus of this study was on e-Procurement because it is one of the
critical elements under the Government Transformation Programme (GTP).
In recent years, e-Procurement has been utilised to reduce paperwork and lower administrative costs,
reduce costs as it allows better quantity purchases, encourages a wider selection of purchasers and
suppliers, advances delivery as well as enhanced quality (Calipinar & Soysal, 2012; Panda & Sahu,
2011).
There are various definitions of eP, but in this paper, eP is defined as the automation of the buying and
selling process, providing an efficient and effective way for firms to obtain goods and services to ensure
that the supply of purchased items is delivered in full, on time, and to specification (Calipinar & Soysal,
2012; Ketikidis, Kontogeorgis, Stalidis, & Kaggelides, 2010; Teo & Lai, 2009). The development and
implementation of the eP system is completed in stages and discussed in the next section.
This paper sought to find the determinant inhibitor factors of eP adoption and usage among the middle
management and top management by a Malaysian company named HM Sdn. Bhd. The HM case study is
exploratory in nature due to the lack of knowledge in the field of eP system adoption. The remainder of
the paper is organised as follows. The following section illustrates eP developments in the Malaysian
environment followed by significance of eP. The third section presents research methodology, followed
by research findings and discussion in the fourth section of the paper. The final section provides the
conclusion of the paper.
2.0 E-Procurement Developments in Malaysia
“Malaysian government takes an advance value for money action under ePerolehan system. Every
procurement transactions will be managed through open tender or limited tender. ePerolehan will increase
the transparency in e-government procurement,” said Y.A.B. Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib bin Tun Abdul
Razak, the current Malaysian Prime Minister in his “Ucapan Pembentangan Pakej Ransangan Ekonomi
kedua” speech on 10 March 2009.
eP is the official and secure online electronic-market platform, especially for suppliers and government
agencies (Calipinar & Soysal, 2012; Colesca & Dobrica, 2008). It provides a link between buyer and
seller in secured transactions (Kaliannan & Awang, 2010). eP enables suppliers to directly register and
renew their registration with the Ministry of Finance (MoF) via the Internet. In addition, suppliers can
submit their application, check their application status, and pay registration fees through eP (CDC, 2010).
3. The eP project started in 1999. On 6 October 2000, two eP modules were launched, which are Supplier
Registration and Central Contract. Then, the Direct Purchase module was launched on 10 May 2002
(CDC, 2010). Next, the Quotation and Tender modules were launched on 27 May 2003. The e-Bidding
module was implemented in September 2006 as well as the latest module, Ministry Contract (CDC,
2010).
Altogether there are seven eP modules and a pilot test was done in a few government ministries, such as
MoF, Ministry of Defence, and Ministry of Internal Security to determine their applicability. The main
portal is Supplier Registration module that enables suppliers to register with the MoF. It consists of
activities such as new application, renewal, field addition, profile update, and electronic application for
Bumiputera status.
The second module is Central Contract that is purposely for the procurement that involves specific
products from selected suppliers for the MoF within a specified time frame. The third module, Ministry
Contract is purposely for the procurement that involves specific products from selected suppliers direct to
the specific ministry involved. The fourth module is Direct Purchase, which is for the procurement of
products and services with the value amounting up to RM50,000. The fifth module is Quotation that
focuses on the procurement of products and services with the value amounting between RM50,000 to
RM200,000. The sixth module is Tender that is for the procurement of products and services with the
value amounting at above RM200,000. The final module is e-Bidding that deals with the procurement of
products and services with the value amounting to more than RM200,000. It is a procurement application
where suppliers compete interactively (CDC, 2010).
eP system supports all government procurement activities via Central Contract, Ministry Contract, Direct
Purchase, request for Quotation and Tender, and e-Bidding. In short, the vision of eP is to ensure an
effective and efficient eP management system as well as to make eP as the main procurement device used
by government agencies, suppliers, and citizens (CDC, 2010). The government highlighted that the
objectives of eP are to give the best value of money for government procurement, to ensure the suppliers
receive faster and more accurate payment, to ensure accountability and transparency in all government
procurement activities, and to increase collaboration between the business sector and government (Bertot
et al., 2010; CDC, 2010).
eP allocates the suppliers to present their products on the website whereby it enables them to receive,
manage, and process government purchase orders, and receive payment from government agencies
through an online system (Bertot et al., 2010). In other words, the eP system supports online product
catalogue presentation, order taking, order fulfilment, electronic payment, quotation, and tendering. This
in turn enables eP to contribute to the reduction of operational cost, the reduction of turnaround time of
procurement process, the attainment of best value procurement deals, and directly increase of
accountability and transparency in all government procurement activities.
The suppliers are defined as private owned business that responds to calls for bids indicating their
intention to sell their products or services (Carayannis & Popescu, 2005). The company will lose the
opportunity to do business with the government if they are eP unable which is due to the instruction from
Secretary General of Treasury (MoF, 2002). To be qualified as eP enabled, the suppliers have to follow
the following five steps:
1. Register with MoF via eP system.
2. Purchase equipment for ePXS/MyKad/MyeP eP system and Smart Card Reader.
3. Provide infrastructure.
4. 4. Attend eP workshops.
5. Provide e-Catalog.
Unfortunately most suppliers failed to be eP enabled because most of them only fulfil the first three steps
(provide infrastructure) and fail to attend eP workshops and provide e-Catalog (CDC, 2010). Normally,
the cost for being eP enabled is about RM1,500 per business. Most observers conceded that more talk
than transaction has flowed via Internet enabled “supply chain of the future”. The saving opportunities are
still there, but the evolution has been slower than expected, and this has been borne out in Malaysia.
3.0 Significance of e-Procurement
There are many positive benefits and advantages of eP for HM. The company will gain value significantly
from eP in terms of new market creation, additional revenue opportunities, competitive advantage, cost
savings, customer satisfaction, and operational efficiencies (Calipinar & Soysal, 2012; Ketikidis et al.,
2010; Kaliannian & Awang, 2010; Mills-Senn; 2012; Panda & Sahu, 2011; Walker & Harland, 2008).
The efficiency and effectiveness of buying and selling are realised through the automation of the entire
procurement cycle.
Other benefits of eP are that it removes repetitive manual tasks and reduces paperwork (Calipinar &
Soysal, 2012; Colesca & Dobrica, 2008; Panda & Sahu, 2011; Soares-Aguiar & Palma-dos-Reis, 2008).
This enables other resources to be used on high value tasks, such as contract management and compliance
between buyers and suppliers (Calipinar & Soysal, 2012). The use of web based eP also results in fewer
transmission errors compared to paper based methods, enables electronic invoicing and payment,
revolutionise the procurement process, and leverages technological infrastructure (Calipinar & Soysal,
2012; Khalid, Ahmad, & Irshad, 2011; Soares-Aguiar & Palma-dos-Reis, 2008).
4.0 Research Methodology
The case study methodology was utilised for the following motivations; the case study’s unique strength
is in dealing with a full variety of evidence, including documents, interviews, and observations (Yin,
1994; Yin, 2013). This holds the key to a better understanding of the forces influencing eP
implementation in HM.
This study utilised in depth case study focusing on HM due to its new eP implementation, adoption, and
usage among the middle management and top management. HM Sdn. Bhd. is a private limited company
registered in Penang, Malaysia and operates in the construction industry. The HM business operations are
specialised in construction, relating to infrastructure, building, procurement, engineering, and
consultation. This construction company was chosen because the company deals directly via eP for
tendering processes and also one of the early companies to use eP in their operations. The company was
eP enabled since 2004. By subscribing to eP in their daily transactions, the company’s readiness and
capability to compete in the global market, particularly eP, has been recognised as its significant
component of e-business (Calipinar & Soysal, 2012; Kaliannian & Awang, 2010). The excellence is in the
form of cost saving and operational efficiency (Calipinar & Soysal, 2012; Panda & Sahu, 2011). Failure
to be eP enabled can reduce the competitiveness of HM in the market.
5. The 21 staff members from middle management and top management levels in HM were selected using a
purposive sampling procedure. The respondents were chosen using purposive sampling procedure due to
the fact that they are involved and familiar with the eP system. During the data collection process, semi-
structured and open-ended questions were applied during interview sessions with the respondents. The
interview session took about 15 to 20 minutes for each respondent during a normal working day. The data
were transcribed by assigning category names and merging into similar categories, and then grouping the
categories to form themes. The data were analysed using narrative analysis method.
5.0 The Use of e-Procurement by HM Sdn. Bhd.
As mentioned previously, the company was eP enabled since 2004. HM became eP activated after re-
evaluating their operation and procurement processes, and detected new types of e-procurement tools that
would meet their needs in the current environment. Failure to be eP enabled can reduce the
competitiveness and success of HM in the challenging market in Malaysia. The case methodology is
practical when contemporary events are the focus of the research and the phenomena is not supported by
a strong theoretical foundation.
6.0 Findings and Discussion
In spite of huge of benefits, the middle management and top management in HM are reluctant to adopt
and use the eP system in their daily business when dealing with customers because of the complexity of
the eP system. They feel burdened and difficult to use eP in their daily transactions, which contributes to
the low adoption and use of eP among middle management and top management of HM. Excerpt from
one respondent:
“I feel difficult when dealing with eP system and make me lack of confidence to use the system in daily
transactions in business” (Mr. B).
The complexity of an innovation generates greater ambiguity for successful implementation and then
increases the reluctance in the adoption and use of eP technology (Al-Hudhaif & Alkubeyyer, 2011;
Malek & Nik Kamariah, 2011). In other words, when the level of complexity is high, the middle
management and top management may decide not to adopt and use the eP system. According to
Premkumar and Roberts (1999), the difficulty in utilising IT and training among users contributed to less
probability to adopt IT. The complexity perception is involved when HM’s staff members were to
conduct eP transactions. Response from a Marketing Executive was that it “look like eP as
straightforward and self-explanatory”, while others noted that it was complicated since many forms
needed to be completed and this appeared an overwhelming task. Thus, the perception of complexity
seems to be related to previous experiences.
“I’m not comfortable … I mean eP is fine, I mean it’s good if you know where you’re going. It’s the most
frustrating thing if you don’t know where you’re going. I mean I like the facility but I couldn’t find out
how to do it” (Mr. C – Senior Marketing Executive).
Although there are different views of complexity level across all the HM’s staff members, clearly their
concerns are about the complexity to become eP users.
6. Furthermore, the complexity has been analysed to be one of the main factors middle management and top
management may decide not to adopt and use eP system. There are low practices with the eP adoption
and use of eP, in terms of customer-based inter-organisational systems (Grover, 1993). Additionally,
complexity contributes to the low Information Technology (IT) adoption and decreases the possibility in
the adoption decision (Malek & Nik Kamariah, 2011; Premkumar & Roberts, 1999). The eP adoption
engages knowledge and understanding to apply the new system, which is highly, distinguished from the
prior procurement traditional method of preparing transaction papers (Calipinar & Soysal, 2012).
Furthermore, the lack of compatibility of current IT system of HM with eP system contribute bad
perceptions in term of employee’s needs among middle management and top management towards eP
system (Al-Hudhaif & Alkubeyyer, 2011; Malek & Nik Kamariah, 2011). Excerpt from one of
respondent:
“The eP system usually makes the process of key in data or information slower than before. I prefer using
previous system compare to new ones” (Miss L). If an innovation is compatible with the employee’s
needs, the uncertainty will decrease and the adoption rate will be increased (Malek & Nik Kamariah,
2011). An innovation which does not conform to the values and standards of the existing system will
diffuse more slowly than a compatible one (Roger, 2003). Several studies have revealed similar findings
and theme of compatibility findings toward technology adoption and usage (Goodhue & Thompson,
1995; Malek & Nik Kamariah, 2011; Moore & Benbasat, 1991; Grandon & Pearson, 2004).
Due to huge investments on eP and the need of eP system being compatible and accepted across several
functional areas, the support and commitment from middle management and top management is vital for
successful implementation of eP (Wei & Wang, 2010). The employee’s ability to accept and learn about
the innovation can extend technological adoption (Ifinedo, 2011).
7.0 Conclusion
This paper discussed about the adoption and use of eP by HM Sdn. Bhd. The key finding of this study,
complexity and compatibility, was highlighted as main inhibitors and barriers of eP adoption and usage
by HM. As demands from Ministry of Finance increases, every company needs to adopt and use eP in the
process of the transactions and business agreements. Currently, HM’s management faces many new
realities never before encountered which need to be tackled, and eP will assist HM to improve their
strategies, operations, and performances (Liu et al., 2011; Saeed & Abdinnour-Helm, 2008). The top
management trusts that by exploiting eP, they have the ability to get closer to their customers than their
competitors (Bertot et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2011). The researcher believes that by providing extra training
and eP workshops among the staff, this may increase the capability and eP literacy towards eP system by
HM Sdn. Bhd. Among the limitations in this case study approach; firstly, because the phenomena or case
being examined may be too complex, reality may become conflated and oversimplified (Hodkinson &
Hodkinson, 2001). Other points of view; the objectivity of case study research are compromised because
the researcher functions as the main instrument in the data collection and analysis process (Hodkinson &
Hodkinson, 2001). For future research, this researcher hopes that this case study can be extended to
multiple case study approach focusing on construction companies for the better findings and exploration
of knowledge.
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