The document provides an abstract and literature review for a research paper analyzing postcolonial aspects of Salman Rushdie's novel Midnight's Children. Some key points:
1) The paper examines how Rushdie's novel is a perfect example of a postcolonial work that uses magical realism to uncover truths about India's history and the intermingling of public and personal histories.
2) The literature review discusses several sources that analyze postcolonialism, Rushdie as an author, and aspects of Midnight's Children like its use of allegory, counter-colonial discourse, metanarratives, magic realism and hybridity.
3) Postcolonial literature typically addresses the issues and
Metafiction is a term given to fictional writing which self-consciously and systematically draws attention to its status as an artifact in order to pose questions about the relationship between fiction and reality.
Metafiction is a term given to fictional writing which self-consciously and systematically draws attention to its status as an artifact in order to pose questions about the relationship between fiction and reality.
Recharting the Narrative of Subalternity in Amitav Ghosh’ Sea of PoppiesIJLP
This article analyses explores the transformation of the discourse of the novel to narrate the story of indenture.
It shows how from the double insider-outsider perspective as a researcher-mic Amitav Ghosh uses anthropological and historical perspectives to renegotiate discourses of subalternity from the perspective of the indenture diaspora
The Teller & The Tales: A Study of The Novels of Amitav GhoshQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The paper re-visit the plot and setting of the novels of Amitav Ghosh. The paper has two parts – (i)The Teller & (ii) The Tales. In the first section the text tries to give a brief sketch of the life of Amitav Ghosh to chornicle the life of the visionary commentator of life and the social anthroplogist , the most prominent among the Indian writers of English. In the second part the theme and storyline of the novels were revisted along with characters and narrative technique. The first section has been introduced to give an overview of the prolificness of the author and the second part is the testimony of his logocentricism. The paper aims to present the plot and theme of all Ghosh’s novels
PhD Research Proposal of Kaushal Desai (PPT)Kaushal Desai
My PhD research proposal entitled “Manifestation of New Historicism in Select Graphic Novels of Art Spiegelman, Will Eisner and Alan Moore”. Right now I am pursuing my PhD from Department of English, Shri Govind Guru University, Godhra. I have joined PhD in the faculty of Arts and in English subject. My guide is Dr. Anuragsinh D. Puvar. My PhD Registration No is 2010681.
The fairy tale is usually regarded as children’s literature. It shapes the characters through rich fantasy and exaggeration. The story reflects every aspect of our life and has an educational effect on readers, especially on children. Originated from the folk lore, fairy tale is one of the most important materials for the research on local conditions and customs at that time as well as its function of moral education. However, feminists analyze it from a brand new perspective. As most of the fairy tales are written or edited during the period when men hold the leading role in society, it is unavoidable that they contain the ideology of patriarchy to some extent. The paper will focus on one classic fairy tale in The Grimm Fairy Tale -- Sleeping Beauty (Briar Rose in Grimm’s book) and try to analyze the contexts from the angle of feminism. The purpose is to reveal the patriarchy hidden behind the seemingly romantic story. What’s more, it is also helpful to put forward the depth and scope of the research of feminism to improve and develop the women’s liberation, and enrich the diversification of the methodology and perspective of research. From the angle of feminism, it can be concluded from the fairy tales that in patriarchal society, women are in the position of “the other” and totally dependent on men, mentally and financially. They have to obey the social rules set by men and meet men’s pleasure for the seemingly happy ending. There are so much left for us to accomplish in the purpose of changing this situation.
Recharting the Narrative of Subalternity in Amitav Ghosh’ Sea of PoppiesIJLP
This article analyses explores the transformation of the discourse of the novel to narrate the story of indenture.
It shows how from the double insider-outsider perspective as a researcher-mic Amitav Ghosh uses anthropological and historical perspectives to renegotiate discourses of subalternity from the perspective of the indenture diaspora
The Teller & The Tales: A Study of The Novels of Amitav GhoshQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The paper re-visit the plot and setting of the novels of Amitav Ghosh. The paper has two parts – (i)The Teller & (ii) The Tales. In the first section the text tries to give a brief sketch of the life of Amitav Ghosh to chornicle the life of the visionary commentator of life and the social anthroplogist , the most prominent among the Indian writers of English. In the second part the theme and storyline of the novels were revisted along with characters and narrative technique. The first section has been introduced to give an overview of the prolificness of the author and the second part is the testimony of his logocentricism. The paper aims to present the plot and theme of all Ghosh’s novels
PhD Research Proposal of Kaushal Desai (PPT)Kaushal Desai
My PhD research proposal entitled “Manifestation of New Historicism in Select Graphic Novels of Art Spiegelman, Will Eisner and Alan Moore”. Right now I am pursuing my PhD from Department of English, Shri Govind Guru University, Godhra. I have joined PhD in the faculty of Arts and in English subject. My guide is Dr. Anuragsinh D. Puvar. My PhD Registration No is 2010681.
The fairy tale is usually regarded as children’s literature. It shapes the characters through rich fantasy and exaggeration. The story reflects every aspect of our life and has an educational effect on readers, especially on children. Originated from the folk lore, fairy tale is one of the most important materials for the research on local conditions and customs at that time as well as its function of moral education. However, feminists analyze it from a brand new perspective. As most of the fairy tales are written or edited during the period when men hold the leading role in society, it is unavoidable that they contain the ideology of patriarchy to some extent. The paper will focus on one classic fairy tale in The Grimm Fairy Tale -- Sleeping Beauty (Briar Rose in Grimm’s book) and try to analyze the contexts from the angle of feminism. The purpose is to reveal the patriarchy hidden behind the seemingly romantic story. What’s more, it is also helpful to put forward the depth and scope of the research of feminism to improve and develop the women’s liberation, and enrich the diversification of the methodology and perspective of research. From the angle of feminism, it can be concluded from the fairy tales that in patriarchal society, women are in the position of “the other” and totally dependent on men, mentally and financially. They have to obey the social rules set by men and meet men’s pleasure for the seemingly happy ending. There are so much left for us to accomplish in the purpose of changing this situation.
Edward Said's contribution in postcolonial studies. Anti-Semitism and Anti Muslim sentiment both derived from the same source that is Orientalism and goes in hand in hand with.
Arising from the social turmoil of the 1960s, cultural studies is composed of elements of Marxism, poststructuralism and postmodernism, feminism, gender studies, anthropology, sociology, race and ethnic studies, film theory, urban studies, public policy, popular culture studies, and postcolonial studies: those fields that concentrate on social and cultural forces that either create community or cause division and alienation.
One of the most influential literary critical movements of the 20th century. Speaking very generally, Russian Formalism as a critical movement was interested in identifying the specific quality of language use that separated the literary text from the non-literary text. Their approach was scientific inasmuch as they thought it was possible to establish what it is precisely that distinguishes ordinary usages of language from the poetic. Unlike the later post-structuralists, the Russian Formalists treated poetry as an autonomous form of discourse that was distinct from all other forms of discourse. They referred to this difference in qualitative terms as literaturnost (literariness) and sought to quantify (i.e. formalize) it by means of their theory of ostranenie (estrangement), which simply put is the process of making the already familiar seem unfamiliar or strange, thereby awakening in us a heightened state of perception.
Revolution 2020: Love, Corruption, Ambition is a 2011 novel by Chetan Bhagat. Its story is concerned with a love triangle, corruption and a journey of self-discovery. R2020 has addressed the issue of how private coaching institutions exploit aspiring engineering students and how parents put their lifetime's earnings on stake for these classes so that their children can crack engineering exams and change the fortune of the family. While a handful accomplish their dreams, others sink into disaster.[1] The book is available as an Audiobook on Amazon.[2]
The novel weaves together the stories of people navigating some of the darkest and most violent episodes of modern Indian history, from land reform that dispossessed poor farmers to the 2002 Godhra train burning and Kashmir insurgency.[3] Roy's characters run the gamut of Indian society and include an intersex woman (hijra), a rebellious architect, and her landlord who is a supervisor in the intelligence service.[4] The narrative spans across decades and locations, but primarily takes place in Delhi and Kashmir.
The novel weaves together the stories of people navigating some of the darkest and most violent episodes of modern Indian history, from land reform that dispossessed poor farmers to the 2002 Godhra train burning and Kashmir insurgency.[3] Roy's characters run the gamut of Indian society and include an intersex woman (hijra), a rebellious architect, and her landlord who is a supervisor in the intelligence service.[4] The narrative spans across decades and locations, but primarily takes place in Delhi and Kashmir.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
Analysing the post_colonial_aspects_of_midnight children
1. ANALYSING THE POST COLONIAL ASPECTS OF
MIDNIGHT'S CHILDREN BY SALMAN RUSHDIE
Sanjana Parisaboina
Division: “D”
PRN Number:20010324112
ABSTRACT
Salman Rushdie, a prominent Indian writer through his magnum opus
Midnight's Children, recounts the modern colonial history that culminates at the
protagonist Saleem's birth, when India has gained independence from its British
masters. Midnight's Children is a perfect example of a postcolonial novel that
integrates magical realism elements into it to dig out the truth that has been
swept under the carpet due to selfish motives. The paper attempts to examine
the deployment of the book's postcolonial aspects as one cannot help but notice
the dominant theme of intermingling of the public and personal histories
between India and the three generations of Saleem Sinai's family. This paper
attempts to analyse the characteristics of a postcolonial novel and also find out
why the authors of the postcolonial era deployed such metanarratives.
KEYWORDS: Postcolonialism, Symbolism, History, Magic Realism,
Metanarrative.
INTRODUCTION
2. ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Salman Rushdie is an Indian born British novelist, who uses supernatural
characters, brooding farce, and an articulate and melodramatic prose style in his
symbolic novels, to examine historical and philosophical issues. The handling
of delicate spiritual and political matters by Rushdie made him a provocative
figure. His first book Grimus was published in 1975. Rushdie's second novel,
Midnight's Children, a parable about modern India that was published in 1981,
was an unprecedented critical and cultural success that helped him worldwide
recognition. In 1981, Rushdie accepted the Booker Prize for Midnight's
Children. Subsequently, in 1993, the novel also acquired the Booker of Booker
award and the best of the Booker (2008). Rushdie, in 2007 was consequently
knighted.
ABOUT POSTCOLONIALISM
Postcolonialism refers to the time or events in history that represent the outcome
of colonialism in the West. The word can also be used to describe the
collaborative effort to enhance and reconsider the past of people subordinated
and various types of colonialism. However, it is also crucial to recognise that 'at
one stage, there is no common institution called 'postcolonial theory':
Postcolonialism, as a concept, defines activities and ideas as diverse as those
inside Feminism or Socialism. It consists, instead, of a related collection of
viewpoints, often conflicting, placed with each other. Postcolonialism, above
all, attempts to interfere, to push its alternate knowledge into the power systems
3. of both the West and the East. (Young, Postcolonialism: A Very Short
Introduction, 2003) Postcolonialism is not an advocacy of the modern world
system, Robert Young claims, but instead comprises a vital response to its
circumstances. "Postcolonialism does not celebrate colonialism, but rather
triumphs over it. The 'Post' marks many impressive accomplishments that
should not be permitted to disappear into the amnesia of history. In its name, the
postcolonial period pays tribute to the exceptional historical successes of
resistance against colonial rule. At the same time, paradoxically, it also explains
the conditions of life that have followed, under which many fundamental power
structures have yet to shift in any significant way. (Young, Postcolonialism: A
Historical Introduction, 2016) Apart from Salman Rushdie, many other authors
like Amitav Gosh, Arundhati Roy, Hanif Kureishi et al. have written
postcolonial works and reveal areas of colonial oppression that were not
highlighted earlier. Now the question arises as to why authors deploy
postcolonial narratives. Through recognising colonial sympathies in the corpus,
writers pursue postcolonial literary criticism as it impairs the universalist
statements of literature. Then, by manipulating history and claiming cultural
identities by techniques such as mimicry, hybridity and nativism, it replaces
colonial narratives with counter-narratives of resistance. It criticises cultural
bureaucracies and the euro-centrism of modernity, backed by an anti-essentialist
notion of identity and community. Postcolonial historical composition has
created [the] two studies of colonialism and imperialism by dismantling
colonialist conversations, and recreating the vast size of misfortune experienced
by colonised and indigenous people groups. That is, Postcolonialism deals with
4. colonialist histories to fix the flaws and to create anecdotes more based on
human importance.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology adopted here is secondary source of research as the
current topic demands an analysis of various reference materials from the
internet and books, newspaper journals, articles etc. Qualitative method of
research is used in the preparation of the research paper as this method deals
with “how” and “why” aspect of the topic and provides further comprehension
of the topic at hand.
LITERATURE REVIEW
To have a clear-cut understanding of the topic the researcher referred to multiple
sources of information and these sources have been listed down below.
“ROBERT YOUNG, POSTCOLONIALISM; A VERY SHORT
INTRODUCTION” (Young, 2003) This book investigates the social, political
and cultural impacts of decolonization. Key ideas and issues are examined,
regarding specific social as well as historical instances while also listing various
compelling anecdotes and experiences, making this intriguing subject pertinent
and open to a more extensive crowd.
“EDWARD W SAID, ORIENTALISM” (Said, 1978) is a ground breaking
scrutinize of the West's historical, social, and political impression of the East.
5. Said also traces the origins of "orientalism" back to when Europe had control of
the Middle and Near East.
“ROBERT YOUNG, POSTCOLONIALISM: AN HISTORICAL
INTRODUCTION” (Young, POSTCOLONIALISM: AN HISTORICAL
INTRODUCTION, 2001) Young through this book inspects the ideas and issues
included in postcolonialism, while also clarifying the significance of key terms, and
deciphers a portion of the significant scholars' work on the same topic to give a perfect
preliminary guide into the topic of postcolonialism.
“MIDNIGHT’S CHILDREN AND THE WORLD OF IMAGINATION BY
ABRAHAM PANEVILIL” (Panavelil, 2010) investigates how Rushdie in his
milestone work, by combining fiction, governmental issues, necromancy and
memory, has taken the peruser to a universe of creative mind where reality seems, by
all accounts, to be fiction and the other way around.
“SALMAN RUSHDIE’S ‘UNION-BY-HYBRIDIZATION’ AND THE ISSUE
OF MULTICULTURALITY BY MUSTAFA KIRCA” (Kirca, 2018) states that
Rushdie opposes 'multiculturalism' as yet another method for comprehending
the colonial master's opinion. Rather than 'multiculturalism,' Salman provides
hybridization to commemorate 'hybridity' and take down classism.
“AMALGAMATION OF FOLKLORE AND CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN
GIRISH KARNAD’S HAYAVADANA AND SALMAN RUSHDIE’S
MIDNIGHT’S CHILDREN BY MR SINGH” (Singh, 2019) endeavours to
6. uncover components that helps to dissect cultural problems such as "identity
crisis, existential dilemma, longing for fulfilment, sense of estrangement etc."
This paper deals with two books one being ‘Hayavadana’ and the other
‘Midnight’s Children’. A detailed reading has been done only to the parts
pertaining to the research topic.
“AIN’T IT A RIPPING NIGHT: ALCOHOLISM AND THE LEGACIES OF
EMPIRE IN SALMAN RUSHDIE’S MIDNIGHT’S CHILDREN BY SAM
GOODMAN”
(Goodman, 2018) demonstrates how drinking is essential to Rushdie's way of
dealing with 'secular and religious identities' in autonomous India and a method
of ridiculing and subverting the alleged gain that Empire introduced to India and
Indians. Through this paper, the author uses alcoholism to strip away the
magnificence glazed over our colonial past.
“PESSOPTIMISM: SATIRE AND THE MENIPPEAN GROTESQUE IN
RUSHDIE’S MIDNIGHT’S CHILDREN” (Ball, 1988) highlights how
Midnight’s Children has two types of satire: one that is affirming and inclusive
and the other which is negative and exclusive. The paper also talks about
Rushdie’s incongruous behaviour towards post independant India.
7. POSTCOLONIALISM
Postcolonial composing customarily tends to the issues and results of a country's
decolonisation, especially questioning aspects relating to the political and social
emancipation of once persecuted people, and subjects, for instance, racialism
and colonialism. An extent of creative theory has been produced around the
subject. It watches out for the spreading and examining what postcolonial savant
Edward Said implies to as social imperialism. Postcolonialism has additionally
been a term used to re-evaluate western authoritative writing from different new
and assorted points of view.
"Post-colonial" or "postcolonial"?
The agreement in the field is that "post-colonial" (with a hyphen) means a period
that comes sequentially "after" expansionism. "Postcolonial," then again,
signals the enduring effect of colonization across time spans and topographical
regions. While the hyphen infers that set of experiences which unfurls in
conveniently recognizable stages from pre-to post-provincial, precluding the
hyphen makes a relative system which to comprehends the assortments of
neighbourhood protection from frontier sway. The unhyphenated adaptation is
routinely used to recognize it from the previous emphasis that alluded distinctly
to the particular time span and to demonstrate a propensity toward scholarly
analysis and the investigation of different talks at the crossing point of race, sex
8. and diaspora, among others (Quayson, 2020). Contentions for the hyphen
propose that the expression "postcolonial" weakens contrasts between
provincial narratives in various pieces of the world and that it homogenizes
pioneer societies. The assemblage of critical writing that takes an interest in
these discussions is called Postcolonial hypothesis.
FEATURES OF POSTCOLONIAL LITERATURE FOUND IN
MIDNIGHTS CHILDREN
ALLEGORY
Allegory has for some time been a noticeable element of scholarly and mythic
composition all through the world. In any case, it turns out to be especially
critical for postcolonial authors to disturb standard history ideas, traditional
authenticity, and majestic portrayal by and large.
The reading of Midnight's Children as a national allegory develops the
conviction of Fredrick James – on that "All Third World writings are
essentially… symbolic and in a certain way they are to be read as … national
allegories."15 (Dwivedi, 2009)
Saleem gets related with two of the midnight's children specifically, Shiva and
Parvati, while Parvati in the end turns into Saleem's significant other, Shiva is
hostile towards Saleem. Parvati and Shiva are Hindus while Saleem is not and
their connections exhibit the blending of religious and social folklores that exist
in India. Along these lines, the narrator’s position in the becomes a purposeful
allegory for India, through Saleem's making of his personality and life account,
his endeavours to clarify his story, his capacity to speak with other Indian
9. postcolonial residents, and his relationship with other religious legends and
traditions (Bounse, 2009).
COUNTER COLONIAL DISCOURSE
The novel's cultural and social hybridization, delineated through the large
number of various characters, additionally permits historical hybridization to
happen, along which the characters might clarify more exact forms of their own
colonial and postcolonial history, instead of the inflexible uneven form history
from their British colonialists. The story's production of modern as well as
apparently more precise forms of Indian provincial and postcolonial history
originates from the content's unequivocal testimonials to such occasions. Such
verifiable portrayals rely on the social and social hybridity of the novel's
character variety. "Entstellung," a term coined by Homi Bhabha is a "cycle of
dislodging, twisting, disengagement, [and] redundancy," happens now from the
Indian characters who endeavour to uproot and contort Britain’s colonial forms
of history, and at last permits the postcolonial resident to compose their own set
of experiences, as the novel expressly does (Bounse, 2009).
METANARRATIVE
Metanarrative is a term created by Jean-François Lyotard to mean a hypothesis
that attempts to give an aggregating, complete record to different historical
occasions, encounters, and social, cultural marvels dependent on the appeal to
generally accepted fact or widespread qualities.
One colossal issue of postcoloniality is the potential of making while also
uncovering individual or native history. Be that as it may, this arrangement of
encounters remains consistently stained with the postcolonial occupant's
10. exercises or nation's previous colonizers. To tackle postcoloniality issues, the
troubles of making and deciding one's history, personality, and one’s
origination, the story utilizes magical realism as a strategy.
Albeit a metanarrative is utilized as a euphemism by a postcolonial concern it
isn't because of its acknowledgement or faith in the metanarrative. Such a
methodology is accompanied by the postcolonial subject's evaluation of its
validity and global uphold.
Midnight's Children shows how postcolonial residents may make their own
historical story by destabilizing historical accounts through a more noteworthy
focal point on personal chronicles and light-hearted retellings of these
narratives.
The actualities of collective history if not personal encounters are never
discernible to the surrounding structures that the autocratic craftsman might
need to force upon them. One of the dominant theme of Midnight’s Children is
the picture of the of the narrator who is not only the victim but also the mast of
the so called ‘public and private history’.
The narrator here, turns into a sufferer here rather than a victim when he
endeavours an autonomous proficiency over his material. The inescapable
defeat in an attempt to endeavour and accomplish flawlessness is encapsulated
in several characters who become a symbol for Saleem in the moulding of his
private and public life.
11. MAGIC REALISM
Drawing on the enhancements of magic realism, postcolonial essayists in
English can communicate their perspective on a world fissured, twisted, and
made inconceivable by social uprooting… [T]hey join the supernatural with
local legend and symbolism taken from colonialist societies to speak to social
orders which have been over and again disrupted by the attack, occupation, and
political defilement. Magic effects, consequently, are utilized to prosecute the
imprudences of both realm and its fallout (Boehmer, 2005)
Midnight's Children's strategy of magic realism, at that point, turns out to be not
just a simple conventional advancement, rather, an articulation of the historical
backdrop of Indian colonialism as well as the contemporary prominence of
Indian postcoloniality. The story links historical occasions, allegorical
narratives, and anecdotal accounts and joins them to shape a genuine image of
Indian postcoloniality.
The proper method of enchanted authenticity turns into the structure of the story,
through which the characters become ready to impart the personal points of view
and, give precise forms of history. However, ‘magic realism’ isn't just an
expressive decision made by Rushdie, yet all things considered, it remains a
fundamental formal development expected to communicate India's new
postcoloniality in an eloquent manner.
Hence, magical realism turns out to be a type hybridization, by blending myth
and realism.
HYBRIDITY
12. Hybridity has often been utilized in postcolonial talk to mean multifaceted
cultural exchange. The possibility of hybridity also underlies different
endeavours to pressure societies' commonality in the colonial and postcolonial
process in articulations of synchronicity, and transculturation. Hybridity turns
out to be the only path the individuals under colonial rule take in order to pick
up force and authority over their colonial rulers. Bhabha clarifies that “hybridity
is a problematic of colonial representation…that reverses the effects of the
colonist disavowal, so that other ‘denied’ knowledges enter upon the dominant
discourse and estrange the basis of its authority.” (Bhabha, 1994)
The narrator's stance in the story turns out to be fundamental to the inquiries of
hybridity. The cultured, communal as well the historical hybridity present inside
Midnight’s Children, allow the content to illustrate the novel's significant
themes and postcoloniality, which are: creation as well as recounting history,
personality, and stories. The epic adequately and clearly portrays the issues of
postcoloniality. Using hybridity, the novel looks to see whether issues might be
addressed, while potentially, it also tries to tackle them.
CONCLUSION
Though Midnight's Children attempts to break free and take care of
postcoloniality issues, the novel at the same time shows the outrageous trouble
and even inconceivability of totally evading the colonizers' impact upon the
colonized individuals.
The novel precisely portrays the colonial venture's issues through the shifting
character stories and their multitude of connections. Even though the colonial
rulers classified India and Indians as 'undifferentiated place and individuals', the
13. novel outlines our country’s heterogenity to topple the colonial picture of
‘India’.
Midnight's Children till today stands as a foundation of postcolonial writing.
The story unmistakably outlines the significant postcoloniality thoughts, the
formation as well as portrayal of history, character, and narrating. Albeit the
story talks about those significant yet critical topics, it gets important to examine
the issues related with figuring and making a postcolonial personality and
history. The tale thus represents the issues of postcoloniality, the challenges in
deciding one's own set of experiences, and finding an authentic identity.
References
Ball,J.C. (1988). Pessoptimism:Satire andthe MenippeanGrotesqueinRushdie’s
Midnight’sChildren. ESC:English Studiesin Canada,20.
Bhabha,H. (1994). The Location of Culture. London:Routledge.
Boehmer,E.(2005). Colonialand PostcolonialLiterature:MigrantMetaphors. Oxford:
OxfordUniversityPress.
Bounse,S.H. (2009). HybridityandPostcoloniality:Formal,Social,andHistorical
InnovationsinSalmanRushdie’sMidnight’s. University of TennesseeHonorsThesis
Project,52.
Dwivedi,O.(2009).Nationand History:A Postcolonial Studyof SalmanRushdie's
MidnightChildren. Journalof AlternativePerspectivesof SocialSciences.
Goodman,S. (2018). “Ain’tIt a RippingNight”:Alcoholismandthe Legaciesof Empire
inSalmanRushdie’sMidnight’sChildren. English Studies, 17.
Kirca,M. (2018). Salman Rushdie's'Union-by-Hybridization'and Multiculturalism.
RetrievedfromAcademia:
https://www.academia.edu/37602405/Salman_Rushdie_s_Union_by_Hybridization_a
nd_the_Issue_of_Multiculturality
Panavelil,A.(2010, October). Midnight’sChildren and theWorld of Imagination.
RetrievedfromResearchGate:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228174544_Midnight's_Children_and_the
_World_of_Imagination
Quayson,A.(2020, August4). Whatis postcolonialliterature? RetrievedJanuary4,
2021, fromThe BritishAcademy:https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/blog/what-is-
postcolonial-literature/
14. Said,E. W. (1978). orientalism. Amarcord:Timisoara.
Singh,M. (2019). AMALGAMATION OFFOLKLORE ANDCONTEMPORARYISSUES IN
GIRISH KARNAD’SHAYAVADANA ANDSALMAN RUSHDIE’SMIDNIGHT’S CHILDREN.
Research Journalof English Languageand Literature,8.
Young,R. (2001). POSTCOLONIALISM:AN HISTORICALINTRODUCTION. London:
Blackwell.
Young,R. (2003). POSTCOLONIALISM:A VERYSHORTINTRODUCTION. London:Oxford
UniversityPress.