But in the problem it is said that there are money shards of hundreds of thousands and fifties
thousands. Why did you not compare them?
S3 02: Oh yes, I did not compare them. I was confused. I directly paid attention to the total money of three
millions.
From the interview result, it is known that S3 had difficulty in understanding the problem, especially in
comparing the money shards of hundreds of thousands and fifties thousands. He was confused in determining
the steps of the proper solution. His solution was less structured, detailed and systematic.
The following is presented the analysis result of S3’s work for the second problem:
Figure 4. S3
Project based science-learning_and_pre-service_teachersGraceLangcoy
This study examined the effectiveness of project-based science learning on pre-service teachers' science literacy skills and creative thinking abilities in wave and optical materials. 115 pre-service teachers participated in the study. Students were divided into two groups - an experimental group that used project-based learning and a control group that used conventional learning.
The results showed that project-based learning was more effective at improving students' science literacy skills and creative thinking abilities compared to conventional learning. Students' science literacy skills such as analyzing and interpreting data improved to a moderate degree with project-based learning, while conventional learning led to low improvements. Students were also more likely to search scientific journals and proceedings for references after project-based learning. However, some
Mathematics is the language of science and technology. It is the creation of the human mind. Its knowledge, skills, applications, and competence is required in the 21st century that is technologically-driven. However, students’ achievement and performance, and their ability to apply the little knowledge gained in the subject has continuously remained low. This has become a matter of concern to all stakeholders in the education industry, to the extent that urgent steps need to be taken to re-position the situation. Ale and Adetula (2010), reported that the demarcation between industrialized and wealthy (developed) nations and the non-industrialized and poor (undeveloped) nations is based on their level of mathematical attainment and ingenuity. This implies that without mathematics there is no science and without science there is no modern technology, and without modern technology there is no modern society. Therefore, mathematics remains the cognitive tool that can take any nation to its dream of scientific and technological developments.
International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) provides a multidisciplinary passage for researchers, managers, professionals, practitioners and students around the globe to publish high quality, peer-reviewed articles on all theoretical and empirical aspects of Engineering and Science.
Critical thinking and problem solving is one of the competencies that must be possessed to meet the 21st Century. This competence is very important to be mastered by students, especially vocational high school students. One learning model that can hone 21st Century competencies is Problem Based Learning. This research was carried out on productive subjects of the Trial. This study aims to determine the improvement of critical thinking and problem solving competencies, and student learning outcomes on subject matter subjects. This study uses a classroom action research design with measurement of competence using observation and measurement of learning outcomes using a multiple choice written test. The results of the study showed an increase in thinking and problem solving critical competencies from the first cycle of 37.4% to the second cycle of 78.2%. While the average value of the first cycle is 70.4 and the second cycle is 86.4. Students who reach KKM in cycle I are 38% and in cycle II 82%.
A Mindtool-Based Collaborative Learning Approach To Enhancing Students Innov...James Heller
The document discusses a study that proposes a mind map based collaborative learning approach to enhance students' innovative performance. An experiment was conducted on a university management course to evaluate the effectiveness of using mind maps in a mobile collaborative learning environment. The results showed that the proposed approach significantly improved students' innovative performance on a project compared to conventional methods. The approach also improved students' achievement in the course. Students accepted adopting the approach in the mobile learning environment.
- Provide learning resources (textbooks, scientific papers, internet, etc.)
- Students read critically related topics
- Students identify key points, problems, and issues
Second Stage:
Mind Mapping
Enhance creative thinking skill thorough mind mapping among grade of 9th ZaniWarraich
Theme: Basic life skill
Sub-theme: Thinking skill
Topic: Enhance creative thinking skill thorough mind mapping among grade of 9th .
RESEARCH PROGECT FOR B.ED STUDENTS.
UOG and AIOU Research Manual Questions answer .
Q# 0. Name of the School (where the action research was conducted):
The overall background of the participants of the project; area/school: (socio-economic status, occupation/profession – earning trends of majority of the parents, literacy rate, academic quality, and any other special trait of the community where the school is situated) (10 marks)
Q.1. Why did you select this specific sub-theme for the action research? Give rationale of the study. (05 marks)
(Give the background and rationale of the study)
Q. 2. How do you think that this research project is helpful for the stakeholders in developing basic life skills among the students? (05 marks)
Q. 3. Write the major objectives of the study. (05 marks)
(Explore books and online resources to know what and how has been already done regarding this problem)
Q.4. Mention the research questions to achieve the objectives. (05 marks)
(What are the key terms in your topic or study? what do you mean of these terms? What particular meaning you will attach to the term when used in this project?)
Q#5. Write down the previous research about your topic with the help of literature. Updated references will be appreciated. (10 marks)
6. Write down the major variables of the study with their definitions. Support the definitions with references. (05 marks)
(Give details of the individuals or groups who were focused in this project e.g. the early-grade students whose handwriting in Urdu was not good or the students of class VIII who did not have good communication skills)
Q#7. Mention the tool of research with its major indicators used to measure the initial and final level of the skill among the students. Briefly describe the validation process. (10 marks)
(Narrate the process step-wise. The procedure of intervention and data collection)
Q#8. Describe the procedure through which you develop the selected sub-theme among the students applying specific technique? (10 marks)
Q.9. How will you analyze the data, give statistical techniques? Also mention Findings of the study. (10 marks)
Q#11. Give a brief summary of the research project. (05 marks)
Q#12. Do you think that this research project is helpful in your professional development? Mention the areas of improvement in detail. (10 marks)
Q#13. Give detail of work cited in your research project following APA. (10marks)
The affective aspects must be owned by students in a lesson, where the
affective aspects will have a relationship with the cognitive aspects of a
student, therefore this study aimed to determine whether there is a
relationship between students 'mathematical dispositions and students'
mathematics learning outcomes. Using a mixed method and a sequential
explanatory plan, the research was undertaken by first collecting quantitative
data and then continuing to collect qualitative data. Where, the sample count
in this study was 413 students from junior secondary schools 18 in Jambi
City, Indonesia who used a total sampling technique. Data were then
analyzed with the help of SPSS 21 application to find descriptive statistics in
the form of mean, min, max, and category as well as inferential statistics
using Pearson Product Moment. The results obtained in this study dominate
both the mathematical disposition of pupils and the learning outcomes of
pupils in mathematics. This was reinforced by the existence of a relationship
between mathematical disposition and student learning outcomes in
mathematics which is indicated by the obtained sig <0.05. This means that
the mathematical disposition of students which includes the affective aspect
of students has a relationship with the cognitive aspect, by having a good
affective aspect, the cognitive aspects of the student are also good.
Project based science-learning_and_pre-service_teachersGraceLangcoy
This study examined the effectiveness of project-based science learning on pre-service teachers' science literacy skills and creative thinking abilities in wave and optical materials. 115 pre-service teachers participated in the study. Students were divided into two groups - an experimental group that used project-based learning and a control group that used conventional learning.
The results showed that project-based learning was more effective at improving students' science literacy skills and creative thinking abilities compared to conventional learning. Students' science literacy skills such as analyzing and interpreting data improved to a moderate degree with project-based learning, while conventional learning led to low improvements. Students were also more likely to search scientific journals and proceedings for references after project-based learning. However, some
Mathematics is the language of science and technology. It is the creation of the human mind. Its knowledge, skills, applications, and competence is required in the 21st century that is technologically-driven. However, students’ achievement and performance, and their ability to apply the little knowledge gained in the subject has continuously remained low. This has become a matter of concern to all stakeholders in the education industry, to the extent that urgent steps need to be taken to re-position the situation. Ale and Adetula (2010), reported that the demarcation between industrialized and wealthy (developed) nations and the non-industrialized and poor (undeveloped) nations is based on their level of mathematical attainment and ingenuity. This implies that without mathematics there is no science and without science there is no modern technology, and without modern technology there is no modern society. Therefore, mathematics remains the cognitive tool that can take any nation to its dream of scientific and technological developments.
International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) provides a multidisciplinary passage for researchers, managers, professionals, practitioners and students around the globe to publish high quality, peer-reviewed articles on all theoretical and empirical aspects of Engineering and Science.
Critical thinking and problem solving is one of the competencies that must be possessed to meet the 21st Century. This competence is very important to be mastered by students, especially vocational high school students. One learning model that can hone 21st Century competencies is Problem Based Learning. This research was carried out on productive subjects of the Trial. This study aims to determine the improvement of critical thinking and problem solving competencies, and student learning outcomes on subject matter subjects. This study uses a classroom action research design with measurement of competence using observation and measurement of learning outcomes using a multiple choice written test. The results of the study showed an increase in thinking and problem solving critical competencies from the first cycle of 37.4% to the second cycle of 78.2%. While the average value of the first cycle is 70.4 and the second cycle is 86.4. Students who reach KKM in cycle I are 38% and in cycle II 82%.
A Mindtool-Based Collaborative Learning Approach To Enhancing Students Innov...James Heller
The document discusses a study that proposes a mind map based collaborative learning approach to enhance students' innovative performance. An experiment was conducted on a university management course to evaluate the effectiveness of using mind maps in a mobile collaborative learning environment. The results showed that the proposed approach significantly improved students' innovative performance on a project compared to conventional methods. The approach also improved students' achievement in the course. Students accepted adopting the approach in the mobile learning environment.
- Provide learning resources (textbooks, scientific papers, internet, etc.)
- Students read critically related topics
- Students identify key points, problems, and issues
Second Stage:
Mind Mapping
Enhance creative thinking skill thorough mind mapping among grade of 9th ZaniWarraich
Theme: Basic life skill
Sub-theme: Thinking skill
Topic: Enhance creative thinking skill thorough mind mapping among grade of 9th .
RESEARCH PROGECT FOR B.ED STUDENTS.
UOG and AIOU Research Manual Questions answer .
Q# 0. Name of the School (where the action research was conducted):
The overall background of the participants of the project; area/school: (socio-economic status, occupation/profession – earning trends of majority of the parents, literacy rate, academic quality, and any other special trait of the community where the school is situated) (10 marks)
Q.1. Why did you select this specific sub-theme for the action research? Give rationale of the study. (05 marks)
(Give the background and rationale of the study)
Q. 2. How do you think that this research project is helpful for the stakeholders in developing basic life skills among the students? (05 marks)
Q. 3. Write the major objectives of the study. (05 marks)
(Explore books and online resources to know what and how has been already done regarding this problem)
Q.4. Mention the research questions to achieve the objectives. (05 marks)
(What are the key terms in your topic or study? what do you mean of these terms? What particular meaning you will attach to the term when used in this project?)
Q#5. Write down the previous research about your topic with the help of literature. Updated references will be appreciated. (10 marks)
6. Write down the major variables of the study with their definitions. Support the definitions with references. (05 marks)
(Give details of the individuals or groups who were focused in this project e.g. the early-grade students whose handwriting in Urdu was not good or the students of class VIII who did not have good communication skills)
Q#7. Mention the tool of research with its major indicators used to measure the initial and final level of the skill among the students. Briefly describe the validation process. (10 marks)
(Narrate the process step-wise. The procedure of intervention and data collection)
Q#8. Describe the procedure through which you develop the selected sub-theme among the students applying specific technique? (10 marks)
Q.9. How will you analyze the data, give statistical techniques? Also mention Findings of the study. (10 marks)
Q#11. Give a brief summary of the research project. (05 marks)
Q#12. Do you think that this research project is helpful in your professional development? Mention the areas of improvement in detail. (10 marks)
Q#13. Give detail of work cited in your research project following APA. (10marks)
The affective aspects must be owned by students in a lesson, where the
affective aspects will have a relationship with the cognitive aspects of a
student, therefore this study aimed to determine whether there is a
relationship between students 'mathematical dispositions and students'
mathematics learning outcomes. Using a mixed method and a sequential
explanatory plan, the research was undertaken by first collecting quantitative
data and then continuing to collect qualitative data. Where, the sample count
in this study was 413 students from junior secondary schools 18 in Jambi
City, Indonesia who used a total sampling technique. Data were then
analyzed with the help of SPSS 21 application to find descriptive statistics in
the form of mean, min, max, and category as well as inferential statistics
using Pearson Product Moment. The results obtained in this study dominate
both the mathematical disposition of pupils and the learning outcomes of
pupils in mathematics. This was reinforced by the existence of a relationship
between mathematical disposition and student learning outcomes in
mathematics which is indicated by the obtained sig <0.05. This means that
the mathematical disposition of students which includes the affective aspect
of students has a relationship with the cognitive aspect, by having a good
affective aspect, the cognitive aspects of the student are also good.
The dissertation presentation chen lei GS55768.pptxalading
The document discusses a study on the effects of situational teaching, cooperative learning, and self-directed learning on mathematical learning ability among junior high school students in China. Specifically, it aims to 1) investigate the impact of situational teaching, cooperative learning, and self-directed learning on students' mathematical ability, and 2) explore differences in mathematical ability between genders. The study uses a quantitative research design and measures students' mathematical ability using scales assessing reasoning, argumentation, communication and other skills.
Paper presented at the 1st International Conference on Technology and Innovation in Learning, Teaching and Education (TECH-EDU 2018), June 20-22, 2018, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Read more at: http://bit.ly/techedu7
Running head PLANNED EVALUATION APPROACH AND QUESTIONS1PLANN.docxtodd581
Running head: PLANNED EVALUATION APPROACH AND QUESTIONS 1
PLANNED EVALUATION APPROACH AND QUESTIONS 8
Planned Evaluation Approach and Questions
Antony Jacob
Cheanel Nolden
May 5, 2019
Planned Evaluation Approach and Questions
Identification of Students’ Innate Talents
In order to identify the talents of individual students, teachers will communicate with parents and guardians of the students from time to time so that the parents can information regarding the interests of the students at home. The teachers will also identify student’s innate talents through carefully observing the students to identify the activities that they like to engage in, apart from interviewing the students. The student assessment program will be done twice in a week and will involve putting students in groups so that they can develop social skills (Heeneman et al., 2015). Student’s social skills will be assessed through oral examination. The oral exams will be conducted by giving allowing students to present their ideas in their groups and later in the class on selected topics. The teacher will then note the weaknesses of each student and model ways of encouraging the students through individual-centered approaches (Heeneman et al., 2015). With time, students will master appropriate social skills so that they can be able to present and express themselves eloquently, and with the required social and moral competencies.
Another element of the program will involve exploring the students’ talents by asking them to complete talent-based tasks. There will be no limitations or restrictions as to the nature of task that the student will choose since the project to be completed will be based on their own personal interests. From the completed tasks, teachers will be able to identify students’ personal interests. Teachers will then group students based on their inclinations. For instance, the teacher will introduce creative arts to allow students to engage in taking different perspectives in order to explore their talents and expand their creativity (Jones, Kittendorf & Kumagai, 2017). In this way, even academically talented students will be in a position to rediscover and explore other alternative activities that can be useful in their future socioeconomic life. Physical education will also make a core element of the student assessment plan. Teachers will identify students who are talented in different games and will communicate with the parents to promote the student’s abilities by investing in such talents rather than discouraging the sports.
Rationale
The reason why talent-based assessment is important and should be included in the overall student’s assessment is that students view education different from the way parent do. In most occasions, parents and teachers put high academic expectations that they want students to achieve and discourages talent-based activities. This tendency often makes students feel pressured to the extent that most stude.
Running head PLANNED EVALUATION APPROACH AND QUESTIONS1PLANN.docxglendar3
Running head: PLANNED EVALUATION APPROACH AND QUESTIONS 1
PLANNED EVALUATION APPROACH AND QUESTIONS 8
Planned Evaluation Approach and Questions
Antony Jacob
Cheanel Nolden
May 5, 2019
Planned Evaluation Approach and Questions
Identification of Students’ Innate Talents
In order to identify the talents of individual students, teachers will communicate with parents and guardians of the students from time to time so that the parents can information regarding the interests of the students at home. The teachers will also identify student’s innate talents through carefully observing the students to identify the activities that they like to engage in, apart from interviewing the students. The student assessment program will be done twice in a week and will involve putting students in groups so that they can develop social skills (Heeneman et al., 2015). Student’s social skills will be assessed through oral examination. The oral exams will be conducted by giving allowing students to present their ideas in their groups and later in the class on selected topics. The teacher will then note the weaknesses of each student and model ways of encouraging the students through individual-centered approaches (Heeneman et al., 2015). With time, students will master appropriate social skills so that they can be able to present and express themselves eloquently, and with the required social and moral competencies.
Another element of the program will involve exploring the students’ talents by asking them to complete talent-based tasks. There will be no limitations or restrictions as to the nature of task that the student will choose since the project to be completed will be based on their own personal interests. From the completed tasks, teachers will be able to identify students’ personal interests. Teachers will then group students based on their inclinations. For instance, the teacher will introduce creative arts to allow students to engage in taking different perspectives in order to explore their talents and expand their creativity (Jones, Kittendorf & Kumagai, 2017). In this way, even academically talented students will be in a position to rediscover and explore other alternative activities that can be useful in their future socioeconomic life. Physical education will also make a core element of the student assessment plan. Teachers will identify students who are talented in different games and will communicate with the parents to promote the student’s abilities by investing in such talents rather than discouraging the sports.
Rationale
The reason why talent-based assessment is important and should be included in the overall student’s assessment is that students view education different from the way parent do. In most occasions, parents and teachers put high academic expectations that they want students to achieve and discourages talent-based activities. This tendency often makes students feel pressured to the extent that most stude.
Students’ Engagement in Scientific Approach Based Learning and Its Effect on ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSRJRME) is an open access journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of research & method in education. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced research & method in education concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Igniting Creativity and Critical Thinking in Studentsmansurali2343
In today's rapidly changing world, creativity and critical thinking are essential skills for students to thrive and adapt. Elementary school play a crucial role in nurturing these skills by providing a conducive environment that encourages imagination, problem-solving, and innovation. This article explores the importance of igniting creativity and critical thinking in students and the strategies that elementary school can implement to cultivate these skills. By fostering a creative and intellectually curious mindset, schools can empower students to become lifelong learners and future leaders.
Influence of Mathematical Representation and Mathematics Self-Efficacy on the Learning Effectiveness of Fifth
Graders in Pattern Reasoning ............................................................................................................................................... 1
Ming-Jang Chen, Chun-Yi Lee and Wei-Chih Hsu
Mentors in an Undergraduate Psychology Course: A Comparison of Student Experience and Engagement......... 17
Jill A. Singleton-Jackson, Marc Frey, Martene Clayton Sementilli and Tyler Pickel
On the Nature of Experience in the Education of Prospective Teachers: A Philosophical Problem.......................... 29
Christi Edge, Ph.D
Learning as you Teach ......................................................................................................................................................... 42
Dr Abha Singh and Dr Megan Lyons
Analysis of Fragmented Learning Features under the New Media Environment ...................................................... 55
Peng Wenxiu
Skill Education in Pre-service Teacher Education for Elementary School Teacher ..................................................... 64
Ikuko Ogawa
Plagiarism Education: Strategies for Instructors .............................................................................................................. 76
Julia Colella-Sandercock and Hanin Alahmadi
Introducing Pre-Service Teachers to Programming Concepts with Game Creation Approach................................. 85
Chiung-Fang Chiu
Validity of Post-Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (POST-UTME) as Screening Instrument for Selecting
Candidates into Degree Programmes in Nigerian Universities .................................................................................... 94
James Ayodele OLUWATAYO Ph.D. and Olufunke Olutoyin FAJOBI (M.Ed.)
This course is designed to introduce both traditional and innovative approaches/strategies in teaching science for Master students engaging in the field of teaching developing a scientific literacy through learning the strategies in reading and writing as one of the component for students in learning science as they organized each thoughts in a scientific ways, communicate ideas, and share information with fidelity and clarity, to read and listen with understanding. Integration of STEM – infusing through teaching approach as a model integrating all content areas in the way that provides rich meaningful experience for students. Explore the practical implications of cognitive science for classroom assessments, motivating student effort and designing learner – centered circular units.
One objective of mathematics learning is to solve problem and to communicate idea to get a solution. Human life is inseparable from social activity, including cooperation. Similarly, in mathematics learning sometimes students need friends to discuss with in solving mathematics problem. Cooperative learning model can be an alternative to bridge the difficulty the students encounter. The objective of research was to identify the impact of Think Pair Share type of Cooperative learning model on mathematics learning in elementary school. This study was a descriptive qualitative research. The subject of research was the fifth graders of three elementary schools in Karangpandan Sub District. Techniques of collecting data used were observation, interview, and documentation. Observation was conducted to observe the learning process using Think Pair Share-type of cooperative learning, interview to find out the impression and the impact the students experience, and documentation to find out the group’s work. The conclusion of research showed that there are some impacts found in mathematics learning using Think Pair Share type of cooperative learning related to: (1) group establishment; (2) learning environment; (3) learning achievement; (4) student participation; (5) information exchange; and (6) interpersonal relation.
This study was done to analyze the effect of Polyatype problem solving learning oriented toward realistic mathematics on the ability to solve mathematical word problems. This study belongs to an experimental research with the Posttest Only Control Group Design. The population used in this study was the students of grade 4 at Gugus VIII SukawatiGianyarelementary schools with the total number of 138. The sample was selected through random sampling. The result of selection by lottery assigned Grade 4 students of SDN 4 SingapaduKaler to the control class and Grade 4 students of SDN 1 SingapaduKaler to the experiment class. The data were collected through an essay test that had been validated. The data that had been collected were analyzed through a difference test (t-test). Based on the result of data analysis it can be concluded that the use of Polya type problem solving teaching model oriented toward realistic mathematics gave a positive effect to the ability to solve word problems among the Grade 4 students in Gugus VIII Sukawati Gianyar.
This document describes a research study that developed mathematical teaching materials based on inquiry learning aided by multimedia to improve high school students' critical thinking skills. The study used a descriptive qualitative method and the 4-D model to develop geometry materials for 10th grade students across North Sumatra, Indonesia. The results found that the materials were valid, simple to use, and effective based on expert reviews and positive student responses during trials. The developed materials are designed to engage students actively in the learning process and encourage higher-order thinking.
1. The document describes a study on developing mathematical teaching materials based on inquiry learning aided by multimedia to improve high school students' critical thinking skills.
2. The study used a descriptive qualitative method and the 4-D model to develop geometry teaching materials including a teacher's manual, student handbook, and worksheets.
3. The results found that the developed materials were valid, practical to use, and effective in engaging students based on observations and student feedback. The materials helped enhance students' logical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills.
This document discusses the importance of teaching higher-order thinking skills in schools. It argues that while people can think spontaneously, explicitly teaching thinking can improve the quality and effectiveness of students' thinking. The document also notes that educational achievement and intelligence do not necessarily reflect one's ability to think critically and that most individuals need guidance to develop higher-order thinking. Finally, it states that thinking skills should be an integral part of the school curriculum and explicitly taught across subjects in order to prepare students for a rapidly changing world.
The purpose of this study is to describe students’ metacognition level in solving scientific literacy. This research use the descriptive method. The subject of this research is 99 students of grade XI in SMA Batik 2 Surakarta. Data collection methods used are test methods which its instruments based on an indicator of scientific literacy and metacognition ability. Data analysis techniques use quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the achievement of scientific literacy in science as a body of knowledge, science as a way of thinking, science as a way of investigating, and science as an interaction between technology and society is still low at below 35%. This is due to 84% student occupy in low metacognition level that is 30% students in tacit use level, 54% students in aware use level, and only 16% students occupy in high metacognition level that is in strategic use level.
This research is aimed at finding out: 1) the influence of discovery learning model with RME approach on Mathematics learning achievement; 2) the influence of interpersonal intelligence on Mathematics learning achievement; 3) the interaction between discovery learning model with RME approach and interpersonal intelligence on Mathematics learning achievement. The research was conducted at one of the state Elementary Schools in Banjarsari sub-district, Surakarta. The method used in this research was quasiexperimental method with 2x3 factorial design. Hypothesis test was done by two-way variance ANOVA test with different cells. It can be concluded that the discovery learning model with RME approach gives better influence on the Mathematics learning achievement than the direct learning model. Students having high interpersonal intelligence category get better Mathematics learning achievement than those having medium and low category. The students having medium interpersonal intelligence get better Mathematics achievement than those having low category. There is no interaction between learning model and interpersonal intelligence on Mathematics learning achievement.
Radical Reconstruction had some positive but limited impacts on African Americans in the South. It granted them citizenship and civil rights, along with the right to vote and hold office. However, these new rights and protections were short-lived and faced intense resistance. Widespread discrimination and violence against African Americans continued after Reconstruction ended. Overall, while Radical Reconstruction offered some new opportunities, its impacts did not fundamentally change the unequal status that African Americans faced in the South.
Introduction Template For Report - Professional TemCarrie Romero
The document provides steps for requesting assignment writing help from HelpWriting.net. It outlines the registration process, how to submit a request including instructions and deadline, how writers bid on requests and customers choose a writer, revising the paper if needed, and getting refunds for plagiarized content. The purpose is to explain the process for students to get papers written by third parties on the HelpWriting site.
Transition In Essay Writing - Paragraph TransitionsCarrie Romero
IKEA has two main ownership advantages that allow it to successfully compete internationally:
1. Low-cost furniture design and production - IKEA designs simple, affordable furniture that is flat-packed for low-cost transportation and requires assembly, keeping costs low.
2. Distinctive store experience - IKEA creates a distinctive shopping experience through its massive stores filled with furniture displays and inexpensive home accessories and food, attracting customers.
How To Help Students Brainstorm And Organize An EssayCarrie Romero
National African American History Month originated from the efforts of Dr. Carter G. Woodson, who founded the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History. In 1926, Dr. Woodson initiated the celebration of Negro History Week in February to coincide with the birthdays of Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass. The celebration later evolved into a full month of recognition. The observance aims to provide recognition of achievements by African Americans and their central role in U.S. history.
The document provides instructions for requesting and completing an assignment writing request through the HelpWriting.net website. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with refund available for plagiarized work.
Essay On Helping Others In English 10 Lines Essay OCarrie Romero
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions until fully satisfied, with a refund option for plagiarized work.
The article discusses the importance of cities during the Roman Empire. Cities served as administrative centers where local elites collected taxes and commanded military forces. They also organized citizens and generated tax revenue to fund the empire's expansion through its military. Cities offered benefits like welfare systems and grain subsidies that were not available in smaller towns. Cities played a key role in decentralizing governance across the vast Roman Empire.
Contenu connexe
Similaire à Analysis of Students Creative Thinking in Solving Arithmetic Problems.pdf
The dissertation presentation chen lei GS55768.pptxalading
The document discusses a study on the effects of situational teaching, cooperative learning, and self-directed learning on mathematical learning ability among junior high school students in China. Specifically, it aims to 1) investigate the impact of situational teaching, cooperative learning, and self-directed learning on students' mathematical ability, and 2) explore differences in mathematical ability between genders. The study uses a quantitative research design and measures students' mathematical ability using scales assessing reasoning, argumentation, communication and other skills.
Paper presented at the 1st International Conference on Technology and Innovation in Learning, Teaching and Education (TECH-EDU 2018), June 20-22, 2018, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Read more at: http://bit.ly/techedu7
Running head PLANNED EVALUATION APPROACH AND QUESTIONS1PLANN.docxtodd581
Running head: PLANNED EVALUATION APPROACH AND QUESTIONS 1
PLANNED EVALUATION APPROACH AND QUESTIONS 8
Planned Evaluation Approach and Questions
Antony Jacob
Cheanel Nolden
May 5, 2019
Planned Evaluation Approach and Questions
Identification of Students’ Innate Talents
In order to identify the talents of individual students, teachers will communicate with parents and guardians of the students from time to time so that the parents can information regarding the interests of the students at home. The teachers will also identify student’s innate talents through carefully observing the students to identify the activities that they like to engage in, apart from interviewing the students. The student assessment program will be done twice in a week and will involve putting students in groups so that they can develop social skills (Heeneman et al., 2015). Student’s social skills will be assessed through oral examination. The oral exams will be conducted by giving allowing students to present their ideas in their groups and later in the class on selected topics. The teacher will then note the weaknesses of each student and model ways of encouraging the students through individual-centered approaches (Heeneman et al., 2015). With time, students will master appropriate social skills so that they can be able to present and express themselves eloquently, and with the required social and moral competencies.
Another element of the program will involve exploring the students’ talents by asking them to complete talent-based tasks. There will be no limitations or restrictions as to the nature of task that the student will choose since the project to be completed will be based on their own personal interests. From the completed tasks, teachers will be able to identify students’ personal interests. Teachers will then group students based on their inclinations. For instance, the teacher will introduce creative arts to allow students to engage in taking different perspectives in order to explore their talents and expand their creativity (Jones, Kittendorf & Kumagai, 2017). In this way, even academically talented students will be in a position to rediscover and explore other alternative activities that can be useful in their future socioeconomic life. Physical education will also make a core element of the student assessment plan. Teachers will identify students who are talented in different games and will communicate with the parents to promote the student’s abilities by investing in such talents rather than discouraging the sports.
Rationale
The reason why talent-based assessment is important and should be included in the overall student’s assessment is that students view education different from the way parent do. In most occasions, parents and teachers put high academic expectations that they want students to achieve and discourages talent-based activities. This tendency often makes students feel pressured to the extent that most stude.
Running head PLANNED EVALUATION APPROACH AND QUESTIONS1PLANN.docxglendar3
Running head: PLANNED EVALUATION APPROACH AND QUESTIONS 1
PLANNED EVALUATION APPROACH AND QUESTIONS 8
Planned Evaluation Approach and Questions
Antony Jacob
Cheanel Nolden
May 5, 2019
Planned Evaluation Approach and Questions
Identification of Students’ Innate Talents
In order to identify the talents of individual students, teachers will communicate with parents and guardians of the students from time to time so that the parents can information regarding the interests of the students at home. The teachers will also identify student’s innate talents through carefully observing the students to identify the activities that they like to engage in, apart from interviewing the students. The student assessment program will be done twice in a week and will involve putting students in groups so that they can develop social skills (Heeneman et al., 2015). Student’s social skills will be assessed through oral examination. The oral exams will be conducted by giving allowing students to present their ideas in their groups and later in the class on selected topics. The teacher will then note the weaknesses of each student and model ways of encouraging the students through individual-centered approaches (Heeneman et al., 2015). With time, students will master appropriate social skills so that they can be able to present and express themselves eloquently, and with the required social and moral competencies.
Another element of the program will involve exploring the students’ talents by asking them to complete talent-based tasks. There will be no limitations or restrictions as to the nature of task that the student will choose since the project to be completed will be based on their own personal interests. From the completed tasks, teachers will be able to identify students’ personal interests. Teachers will then group students based on their inclinations. For instance, the teacher will introduce creative arts to allow students to engage in taking different perspectives in order to explore their talents and expand their creativity (Jones, Kittendorf & Kumagai, 2017). In this way, even academically talented students will be in a position to rediscover and explore other alternative activities that can be useful in their future socioeconomic life. Physical education will also make a core element of the student assessment plan. Teachers will identify students who are talented in different games and will communicate with the parents to promote the student’s abilities by investing in such talents rather than discouraging the sports.
Rationale
The reason why talent-based assessment is important and should be included in the overall student’s assessment is that students view education different from the way parent do. In most occasions, parents and teachers put high academic expectations that they want students to achieve and discourages talent-based activities. This tendency often makes students feel pressured to the extent that most stude.
Students’ Engagement in Scientific Approach Based Learning and Its Effect on ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSRJRME) is an open access journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of research & method in education. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced research & method in education concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Igniting Creativity and Critical Thinking in Studentsmansurali2343
In today's rapidly changing world, creativity and critical thinking are essential skills for students to thrive and adapt. Elementary school play a crucial role in nurturing these skills by providing a conducive environment that encourages imagination, problem-solving, and innovation. This article explores the importance of igniting creativity and critical thinking in students and the strategies that elementary school can implement to cultivate these skills. By fostering a creative and intellectually curious mindset, schools can empower students to become lifelong learners and future leaders.
Influence of Mathematical Representation and Mathematics Self-Efficacy on the Learning Effectiveness of Fifth
Graders in Pattern Reasoning ............................................................................................................................................... 1
Ming-Jang Chen, Chun-Yi Lee and Wei-Chih Hsu
Mentors in an Undergraduate Psychology Course: A Comparison of Student Experience and Engagement......... 17
Jill A. Singleton-Jackson, Marc Frey, Martene Clayton Sementilli and Tyler Pickel
On the Nature of Experience in the Education of Prospective Teachers: A Philosophical Problem.......................... 29
Christi Edge, Ph.D
Learning as you Teach ......................................................................................................................................................... 42
Dr Abha Singh and Dr Megan Lyons
Analysis of Fragmented Learning Features under the New Media Environment ...................................................... 55
Peng Wenxiu
Skill Education in Pre-service Teacher Education for Elementary School Teacher ..................................................... 64
Ikuko Ogawa
Plagiarism Education: Strategies for Instructors .............................................................................................................. 76
Julia Colella-Sandercock and Hanin Alahmadi
Introducing Pre-Service Teachers to Programming Concepts with Game Creation Approach................................. 85
Chiung-Fang Chiu
Validity of Post-Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (POST-UTME) as Screening Instrument for Selecting
Candidates into Degree Programmes in Nigerian Universities .................................................................................... 94
James Ayodele OLUWATAYO Ph.D. and Olufunke Olutoyin FAJOBI (M.Ed.)
This course is designed to introduce both traditional and innovative approaches/strategies in teaching science for Master students engaging in the field of teaching developing a scientific literacy through learning the strategies in reading and writing as one of the component for students in learning science as they organized each thoughts in a scientific ways, communicate ideas, and share information with fidelity and clarity, to read and listen with understanding. Integration of STEM – infusing through teaching approach as a model integrating all content areas in the way that provides rich meaningful experience for students. Explore the practical implications of cognitive science for classroom assessments, motivating student effort and designing learner – centered circular units.
One objective of mathematics learning is to solve problem and to communicate idea to get a solution. Human life is inseparable from social activity, including cooperation. Similarly, in mathematics learning sometimes students need friends to discuss with in solving mathematics problem. Cooperative learning model can be an alternative to bridge the difficulty the students encounter. The objective of research was to identify the impact of Think Pair Share type of Cooperative learning model on mathematics learning in elementary school. This study was a descriptive qualitative research. The subject of research was the fifth graders of three elementary schools in Karangpandan Sub District. Techniques of collecting data used were observation, interview, and documentation. Observation was conducted to observe the learning process using Think Pair Share-type of cooperative learning, interview to find out the impression and the impact the students experience, and documentation to find out the group’s work. The conclusion of research showed that there are some impacts found in mathematics learning using Think Pair Share type of cooperative learning related to: (1) group establishment; (2) learning environment; (3) learning achievement; (4) student participation; (5) information exchange; and (6) interpersonal relation.
This study was done to analyze the effect of Polyatype problem solving learning oriented toward realistic mathematics on the ability to solve mathematical word problems. This study belongs to an experimental research with the Posttest Only Control Group Design. The population used in this study was the students of grade 4 at Gugus VIII SukawatiGianyarelementary schools with the total number of 138. The sample was selected through random sampling. The result of selection by lottery assigned Grade 4 students of SDN 4 SingapaduKaler to the control class and Grade 4 students of SDN 1 SingapaduKaler to the experiment class. The data were collected through an essay test that had been validated. The data that had been collected were analyzed through a difference test (t-test). Based on the result of data analysis it can be concluded that the use of Polya type problem solving teaching model oriented toward realistic mathematics gave a positive effect to the ability to solve word problems among the Grade 4 students in Gugus VIII Sukawati Gianyar.
This document describes a research study that developed mathematical teaching materials based on inquiry learning aided by multimedia to improve high school students' critical thinking skills. The study used a descriptive qualitative method and the 4-D model to develop geometry materials for 10th grade students across North Sumatra, Indonesia. The results found that the materials were valid, simple to use, and effective based on expert reviews and positive student responses during trials. The developed materials are designed to engage students actively in the learning process and encourage higher-order thinking.
1. The document describes a study on developing mathematical teaching materials based on inquiry learning aided by multimedia to improve high school students' critical thinking skills.
2. The study used a descriptive qualitative method and the 4-D model to develop geometry teaching materials including a teacher's manual, student handbook, and worksheets.
3. The results found that the developed materials were valid, practical to use, and effective in engaging students based on observations and student feedback. The materials helped enhance students' logical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills.
This document discusses the importance of teaching higher-order thinking skills in schools. It argues that while people can think spontaneously, explicitly teaching thinking can improve the quality and effectiveness of students' thinking. The document also notes that educational achievement and intelligence do not necessarily reflect one's ability to think critically and that most individuals need guidance to develop higher-order thinking. Finally, it states that thinking skills should be an integral part of the school curriculum and explicitly taught across subjects in order to prepare students for a rapidly changing world.
The purpose of this study is to describe students’ metacognition level in solving scientific literacy. This research use the descriptive method. The subject of this research is 99 students of grade XI in SMA Batik 2 Surakarta. Data collection methods used are test methods which its instruments based on an indicator of scientific literacy and metacognition ability. Data analysis techniques use quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the achievement of scientific literacy in science as a body of knowledge, science as a way of thinking, science as a way of investigating, and science as an interaction between technology and society is still low at below 35%. This is due to 84% student occupy in low metacognition level that is 30% students in tacit use level, 54% students in aware use level, and only 16% students occupy in high metacognition level that is in strategic use level.
This research is aimed at finding out: 1) the influence of discovery learning model with RME approach on Mathematics learning achievement; 2) the influence of interpersonal intelligence on Mathematics learning achievement; 3) the interaction between discovery learning model with RME approach and interpersonal intelligence on Mathematics learning achievement. The research was conducted at one of the state Elementary Schools in Banjarsari sub-district, Surakarta. The method used in this research was quasiexperimental method with 2x3 factorial design. Hypothesis test was done by two-way variance ANOVA test with different cells. It can be concluded that the discovery learning model with RME approach gives better influence on the Mathematics learning achievement than the direct learning model. Students having high interpersonal intelligence category get better Mathematics learning achievement than those having medium and low category. The students having medium interpersonal intelligence get better Mathematics achievement than those having low category. There is no interaction between learning model and interpersonal intelligence on Mathematics learning achievement.
Similaire à Analysis of Students Creative Thinking in Solving Arithmetic Problems.pdf (15)
Radical Reconstruction had some positive but limited impacts on African Americans in the South. It granted them citizenship and civil rights, along with the right to vote and hold office. However, these new rights and protections were short-lived and faced intense resistance. Widespread discrimination and violence against African Americans continued after Reconstruction ended. Overall, while Radical Reconstruction offered some new opportunities, its impacts did not fundamentally change the unequal status that African Americans faced in the South.
Introduction Template For Report - Professional TemCarrie Romero
The document provides steps for requesting assignment writing help from HelpWriting.net. It outlines the registration process, how to submit a request including instructions and deadline, how writers bid on requests and customers choose a writer, revising the paper if needed, and getting refunds for plagiarized content. The purpose is to explain the process for students to get papers written by third parties on the HelpWriting site.
Transition In Essay Writing - Paragraph TransitionsCarrie Romero
IKEA has two main ownership advantages that allow it to successfully compete internationally:
1. Low-cost furniture design and production - IKEA designs simple, affordable furniture that is flat-packed for low-cost transportation and requires assembly, keeping costs low.
2. Distinctive store experience - IKEA creates a distinctive shopping experience through its massive stores filled with furniture displays and inexpensive home accessories and food, attracting customers.
How To Help Students Brainstorm And Organize An EssayCarrie Romero
National African American History Month originated from the efforts of Dr. Carter G. Woodson, who founded the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History. In 1926, Dr. Woodson initiated the celebration of Negro History Week in February to coincide with the birthdays of Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass. The celebration later evolved into a full month of recognition. The observance aims to provide recognition of achievements by African Americans and their central role in U.S. history.
The document provides instructions for requesting and completing an assignment writing request through the HelpWriting.net website. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with refund available for plagiarized work.
Essay On Helping Others In English 10 Lines Essay OCarrie Romero
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions until fully satisfied, with a refund option for plagiarized work.
The article discusses the importance of cities during the Roman Empire. Cities served as administrative centers where local elites collected taxes and commanded military forces. They also organized citizens and generated tax revenue to fund the empire's expansion through its military. Cities offered benefits like welfare systems and grain subsidies that were not available in smaller towns. Cities played a key role in decentralizing governance across the vast Roman Empire.
1. The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from a website. It outlines a 5-step process: create an account; submit a request form with instructions and deadline; choose a writer based on bids, qualifications, and reviews; review the paper and authorize payment or request revisions; and request revisions until satisfied.
2. The website uses a bidding system where writers submit bids to take on writing requests. Customers can choose a writer based on qualifications, order history, and feedback.
3. The website promises original, high-quality papers and offers refunds for plagiarized content. It also provides free revisions until customers are satisfied.
The document discusses the benefits of outsourcing social media marketing for businesses. It notes that 62% of companies outsource their content marketing. It asks the reader to consider if they or their staff have time for social media and provides tips for determining if outsourcing is right. Experienced professionals can learn about a brand and focus on certain industries to better serve customers. Outsourcing allows a business to benefit from social media marketing without dedicating extensive internal resources.
The document provides instructions for requesting and receiving writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with the option of a full refund for plagiarized work.
The document discusses the steps to get writing help from the website HelpWriting.net. It outlines 5 steps: 1) Create an account, 2) Submit a request with instructions and deadline, 3) Review bids from writers and choose one, 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment, 5) Request revisions until satisfied. It emphasizes that original, high-quality content is guaranteed, with refunds for plagiarized work. Customers can get their needs fully met through the service.
Templates Writing Paper Template, Writing Paper, KiCarrie Romero
This lab report describes an embryo rescue experiment using Viburnum lantana seeds. The seeds were treated with sulfuric acid to sterilize and soften them. Then the embryos were scraped out from under the seed coat and endosperm and placed on hormone-free media. Of the embryos isolated, 33% were intact. Of those intact embryos, 33% developed into plants. The report records the growth process of the rescued embryos as they progressed from dormant to active growth.
The document discusses the importance of labeling genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food. It notes that while GMOs are commonly used, there is disagreement over whether they should be labeled. Supporters of labeling argue that it provides benefits to consumers by allowing them to make informed choices. Additionally, not labeling GMOs infringes on consumer freedom and could start a public education campaign about GMOs. Critics argue that labeling is unnecessary since the FDA has deemed GMOs safe. The document examines arguments on both sides of the issue.
HSC Essay Plans For Questions On The National SCarrie Romero
The document provides instructions for using the HelpWriting.net service to have essays and assignments written. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account; 2) Submit a request with instructions and deadline; 3) Review bids from writers and select one; 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment; 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction. It emphasizes that original, high-quality work is guaranteed or a full refund will be provided.
1. The document discusses steps for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net, including creating an account, completing an order form with instructions and deadline, and reviewing writer bids before authorizing payment.
2. After receiving a paper, clients can request revisions to ensure satisfaction before finalizing payment. Writers are committed to original, high-quality work and offer refunds for plagiarism.
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1 3 1 Essay Example - Lawwustl.Web.Fc2.ComCarrie Romero
This document discusses cortisol, a steroid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex. It is stimulated by ACTH from the pituitary gland and follows a circadian rhythm with peak levels in the morning. ACTH is stimulated by CRH from the hypothalamus in response to stress, infection, low blood sugar, and low cortisol levels. Cortisol provides negative feedback on the pituitary and hypothalamus. It is involved in glucose regulation and the stress response. Diseases can impact cortisol production if the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is impaired.
What Color Resume Paper Should You Use PreparCarrie Romero
The document discusses the steps required to request writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It involves creating an account, completing an order form with instructions and deadlines, and reviewing bids from writers. The client can then choose a writer, make a deposit, and request revisions until satisfied with the final work. HelpWriting.net promises original, high-quality content and refunds for plagiarized work.
Munchkin Land Kindergarten Kid Writing PCarrie Romero
The document summarizes the memoir "Reading Lolita in Tehran" by Azar Nafisi. It discusses how Nafisi held secret literature discussions with seven female students in her home, despite the risks, to challenge them to connect fictional books to their reality under Iran's oppressive post-revolution regime. The students found freedom and power through imagining different lives in the Western books they discussed, as they had lost control over their own lives and dreams in Iran at that time.
Sample Informative Speech Outline On CafCarrie Romero
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net in 5 steps:
1. Create an account with a password and email.
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Top Websites To Get Free Essays Online CustomEsCarrie Romero
Here are the completed sentences with imperative and prepositional phrases:
1. First, you need to preheat the oven to 350°F.
2. Then, you need to mix all the solid ingredients.
3. Next, you need to beat the egg and milk.
4. After that, you can bake for 30 to 35 minutes.
5. Finally, you can serve it with fruit or cream.
Do people always listen to your advice? Sometimes it is very difficult to have people do things your way, even when you are positive that you are right. Luckily, there are ways to persuade people to follow your lead. Read the next passage and then, write the steps to getting people to do what
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
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Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
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2. Puspitasari et al.
50 http://www.iejme.com
logical and divergent thinking method intended to build new ideas triggered by non-routine and challenging
problems.
Creative and critical thinking in general is considered as a thinking process involving independent skills
and dispositions and it has gradually been included into thinking skills. Antilogic ability, an ability to critically
evaluate whether certain information may support different claims is the basic pattern for critical and creative
thinking (Glassner & Schwarz, 2007).
Sharma (2014) discusses about the effects of strategies in and anxieties with mathematics, and their
interaction on students’ mathematical creativity. Sharma Sansanwal Mathematic Creativity Test developed
by Sharma & Sansanwal (2012) was used as the measure of the mathematical creativity in this research, and
Mathematics Anxiety Score developed by Sharma and Sansanwal (201) was employed as the measure of
mathematical anxiety. The results of this research showed that strategies to develop mathematical creativity
are more appropriate for students with low mathematical anxiety than those with high one after the strategies
were matched with the mathematical pre-creativity response.
Another research made by Goodson, King, and Rohani (2015) developed students’ higher thinking ability
involving creative thinking that enables them to encounter any challenges in daily life. This research showed
that the thinking ability in male students was lower than that in female ones in grade seven. On the basis of
the research result on this students’ thinking ability, it is proved that students need to improve their high-
level thinking ability, especially synthesis and evaluation skills needed to increase their creativity in science.
Perspective of mathematical creative thinking refers to a combination of logical and divergent thinking’s
on the basis of situation, but it has a conscious purpose. There are five creative thinking levels in students
grade 8, from level 0 to level 4, each has different characteristics. This difference is based on fluency, flexibility,
and novelty in mathematical problem solving and posing (Siswono, 2004).
Creative thinking ability should be trained and developed by the teachers in their learning activities in the
classrooms. Teachers should try and use proper learning models that may grow students’ creative thinking.
The data analysis showed that students’ creative thinking, especially in solving mathematical problems,
understanding and communication, may be significantly improved (Saragih & Napitupulu, 2015; Tan & Halili,
2015).
Creative thinking has some stages, namely, preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification.
Students’ ability in creative thinking to solve mathematical problems in each stage has different attainments
for each students’ ability level, namely, high, low and moderate. At the preparation stage, students with high
ability had been able to identify and choose information that will be used properly; those with low ability need
stimulants in the form of questions.
At the incubation stage, students with high ability changed into being silent and thought how to solve the
problems, those with moderate ability became silent and knew by heart how to solve the problems, while those
with low ability were able to memorize patterns to solve the problems although they sometimes were hesitant.
At the illumination stage, students with high ability were able to continue ideas that had been discovered
before, those with moderate ability merely focused their attention on relevant information but did not exploit
other ideas, then those with low ability merely focused on solving problems using the ways that had been
learned before.
At the last stage namely verification, the students with high ability reviewed and tested their work before
making conclusion, those with moderate ability merely reviewed their work, and those with low ability
reviewed their work and made a lot of corrections in their last answer (Wulantina, 2015).
The potencies will be realized if the mathematics learning is emphasized on the high-level thinking ability
requiring students to manipulate information and ideas using certain techniques on the basis of the
understanding of mathematical concepts that have been recognized (Daswa, 2013; Iskandar & Riyanti, 2015),
providing them with new interpretation and implications. It is in line with the core competence that should
be possessed by students in learning mathematics in Junior High School in terms of the knowledge aspect,
namely understanding and applying factual, conceptual, procedural and metacognitive knowledge at the
simple technical and specific level on the basis of their curiosity of science, technology, art, and culture
accompanied with the insights of humanity, nationality, and statehood related to the real phenomena and
events.
Creative thinking ability in mathematics is an important component that should be possessed by students
dealing with their sensitiveness to mathematical problems, therefore, they will be able to consider new
3. INT ELECT J MATH ED
http://www.iejme.com 51
information and ideas that enable them to make relations with open mind in solving mathematical problems
and daily problems encountered (Azhari, 2013; Cahyaningros, Sukestiyarno, & Sugianto, 2013).
But in fact, a characteristic of mathematics learning in Indonesia at present is more focused on procedural
ability, to solve routine problems, and still to give prominence the grade as the end result in learning.
Conceptual ability is less developed, and freedom to think is still less appreciated. It may be seen from the fact
that there are still many teachers who manage their class in conventional learning, one-way communication,
and write students’ achievement without any narration showing their learning advancement stages as a
whole. This condition is supported by the results of TIMMS survey (2015) showing that the creative thinking
ability in learning mathematics among the second-grade students of Junior High School in Indonesia was still
below the national average grade, even that in neighboring countries, ASEAN.
On the basis of the descriptions above and of previous research results, the researchers were interested in
understanding and analyzing the Junior High School Schools’ thinking ability in solving mathematical
problems, especially arithmetical problems requiring creativity in solving them.
RESEARCH QUESTION
How creative thinking ability among the eight grade students of State Junior High School 11 Malang,
Indonesia, in solving arithmetical problems?
METHOD
Approach and Type of Research
This present research was made to analyze students’ creative thinking in solving arithmetical problems.
Viewed from the type of data obtained, it is a qualitative research. Meanwhile the type of present research
employed is descriptive in nature. Descriptive research is a research intended to describe the existing
phenomena, either natural or man-made at present or in the past. The phenomena may be in the forms of
activities, characteristics, changes, relations, similarities, and differences between one phenomenon and the
other (Sukmadinata, 2011). In this present research, students’ creative thinking in solving arithmetical
problems in State Junior High School 11 Malang, Indonesia would be described.
Research Subject
The subjects of this present research were students Grade 8 of State Junior High School 1 Malang,
Indonesia. The subject consisted of 6 students, 2 students with high level ability in mathematics, using the
initial S1 and S2, two students, moderate level ability in mathematics, using the initial S3 and S4, and 2
students with low level ability in mathematics initialized as S5 and S6. The data employed to determine the
level of the students’ ability in mathematics were the results of mid-term test in the even semester in the
academic year of 2016-2017.
Technique of Data Collection
The instruments of the data collection were test and interviews. An essay test containing two contextual
arithmetical problems adopted from the literacy problems in Programme Internationale for Student Assesment
(PISA) was employed. PISA is used to assure the reliability and validity of the problems. The students were
required to write their steps and solution alternatives in solving the problems. The results of this test were
used as the basis for analyzing students’ critical thinking ability. Interviews were intended to complete the
obtained data. The interviews were made with six students, who were chosen some times before the students
finished doing the arithmetical problems given.
Technique of Data Analysis
The qualitative data analyzed in this present research were the results of students’ works in solving the
arithmetical problems and the results of direct interviews with students after they finished their works. The
questions in the qualitative interviews in general were unstructured and open ended in nature which are
purposely made to elicit opinions or views from the respondents (Cresswell, 2010). The qualitative data would
be used as the basis for the analyses of the students’ creative thinking in solving arithmetical problems.
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In this present research, the results of the students’ work in solving arithmetical problems would be
analyzed in terms of four creative thinking aspects: fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. Miles and
Huberman (1992) proposed that activities in analyzing qualitative data should be made interactively and
proceeded continuously until the data were saturated. The data saturation is signed by no more information
or no more data that may be obtained. Activities in this data analysis involved data reduction, data display,
and verification.
RESEARCH RESULTS
This section shows the analysis of the creative thinking ability of the students with high, moderate and
low level abilities in solving arithmetical problems. The analysis was based on four aspects namely fluency,
flexibility, originality and elaboration.
The Results of the Analysis of the Creative Thinking in Students with High Ability in
Mathematics
In this present research, each student worked on problems adopted from literacy problems in PISA, in the
Indonesian version. The students were not given time limit in solving the two problems and were free to solve
the problems using their own ways, and were suggested to use various ways to solve them. The period of time
needed by the six students to finish the problems was different. Some times after the students finished doing
the problems, interviews were made to complete the needed data.
From S1’s work result, the student could do the problem fluently since he was able to understand the
problem and to determine the steps of the proper solution properly and solve it easily and correctly. During
the interview, it turned out that he found another technique in solving it, but since it is too long, it is not
written in the answer sheet. It can be seen from the following quotation of the interview:
P1 01: Did you have another technique?
S1 01: Yes mam, but too long.
P1 02: Can you write it?
S1 02: Yes mam!
The analysis of the work result of S2 is presented in Figure 2.
Figure 1. S1’s Work Result
Figure 2. S2’s Work Result
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From the S2’s work result, it is known that the student was able to solve the problem easily. The choice of
technique employed was to form an arrangement tower 1 and tower 2 into a two-variable linear equation
system, giving a sign X for the hexagon, and y for the rectangular. Then he solved it using elimination and
solve it correctly.
The following is another technique written by the student to do the second problem.
Aspect of flexibility may be seen from the student’s ability in finding two techniques in solving the given
problem. The second technique is different from the first, although the strategy is the same, namely using a
two-variable linear equation variable. The technique chosen to solve the problem is the substitution. At first,
the student had difficulty when he changed the value x from the second equation since the value x is fraction.
Then the student chosen to substitute the value x from the first equation which is easier. The x was then
substituted into the first equation, which certainly the result is not correct as expected. He realized his
mistake, and substituted the value x in the second equation so that the result was obtained. The value y was
used to determine the value x, then the values x and y were used to determine the shortest tower height that
had been written in the linear equation with x and y as the variables.
From the steps the students made use of in solving the problem using the first and the second techniques,
it is clear that the steps are systematic and detailed. Accuracy may also be seen in each stage taken by S2,
which is the ordinary technique employed by students. Therefore, no novelty element is found in the solution
of the problem.
The Result of the Analysis of Creative Thinking of the Students with Moderate Ability in
Mathematics
The following is presented the results of the analysis of the works of the students with low ability in
mathematics in solving arithmetical problems. The result of the analysis for the first problem is as follows:
Figure 3. S2’s Another Work Result
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On the basis of the S3’ work result for the first problem, the student seems not to do it smoothly. He was
less careful in understanding the problem although he had written anything, what is known and asked in the
problem. He was difficult in using the comparison for each money shards of hundreds of thousands and fifties
thousands, although he had tried it. It is seen from what he has written and crossed out. At last he finished
doing the problem without calculating the comparison between money shards of hundreds of thousands and
fifties thousands. He merely paid attention to the nominal sum of money, namely three millions rupiah as
mentioned in the problem.
The following is presented the quotation from the interviews with S3
P3 01: How did you finish doing this first problem?
S3 01: .... The answer is that one hundred thousand taken is 10 pieces or one million.
Five thousand taken is 40 pieces or two million. So the money brought by Ariel is 50 pieces.
P3 02: Why did you take one hundred, 10 pieces and fifty thousand, 40 pieces, what is you reason?
S3 02: By the comparison of 3:4.
P3 03: 3:4? So you got this result?
S3 03: Yes
Students’ incompleteness in solving the problem may give impacts on strategies and steps used to solve
the problem. The students merely guessed that if the money in the form of faction of one hundreds is taken
10, the money shards of fifties thousands taken should be 40 to fulfill the nominal value that is asked, namely
three millions. He did not involve a comparison between the sum of money shards of one hundreds thousands
and fifties thousands. During the interview, the student did not realize his mistake, therefore, the flexibility
aspect is not met.
It is also the case for the elaboration aspect which is not paid attention at all. Less careful in understanding
the problem and also in arranging the steps of solution made the solution is not arranged systematically and
in detail. It seems that the student merely focused on the nominal sum of money taken and did not pay
attention to another requirement namely comparing the number of pieces of hundreds and fifties thousands.
As a result, the solution is not correct and the novelty in its thought is invisible. S4’s work result is presented
in Figure 5.
Figure 4. The S3’s Work Result
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On the basis of the S4’s work result of the first problem, the student could work on the problem fluently
although at first he had some difficulties. At first, he tried to multiply each comparison number with six and
then checked the result. During the checking, the calculation was incorrect, but at last he could solve the
problem correctly.
According to the interview, he got confused with the determination of what step to take to solve the
problem. The following is the citation of the interview with him supporting the statement.
P4 01: How did you solve the first problem?
S4 01: First I tried it with comparison mam, but I can’t got it. I was confused with other ways, yeah…
I tried and tried to multiply with 6, the result is then three millions. Luckily, I found it,
three to four if equally multiplied with 6 equals with 18 to 24….
P4 02: Now there are some crosses, why?
S4 02: Yeah, I was wrong to write the sign + and its line in the addition.
(The students did not realize that actually the mistake is in the calculation)
The Results of the Analysis of the Creative Thinking of the Student with Low Ability in
Mathematics
On the basis of the S5’s work result for the first problem, the student did not understand the problem in
question so that he could not solve the problem fluently and did not give the correct answer. He merely took
some pieces of money shards of hundreds thousands from ATM 1 and the money shards of fifties thousands
from ATM 2, then he added it up so that the result is three millions. The quotation of the following interview
explains his way of thinking.
P5 01: Ok, now what you wrote here for ATM 1 is that you took 15 pieces and ATM2 30 pieces. Why did
you take 15 and 30?
S5 01: To make it five hundred thousands.
P5 02: … how did you think it?
S5 02: Added it up.
P5 03: “Merely added it up, in your opinion is the addition correct?”
S5 03: Correct.
Figure 5. S4’s Work Result
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The strategy made by the student to solve the problem seems not to be in detail and systematic so that the
elaboration aspect is not fulfilled. When the student took a number of pieces of money from ATM 1 and ATM2,
he did not pay attention to the comparison made for the problem. It is shown in the interview, as shown below:
P5 04: Here, at the written problem, there is a comparison three to four
Didn’t you think it about?
S5 04: No.
P5 05: So, what is important is the nominal sum of money of three million?
S5 05: Yes, mam.
The students merely took the money shards of 15 pieces of hundreds of thousands from ATM 1, and then
multiplied it to find the nominal sum of the money. Then, he took the rest of the nominal sum of money that
should be taken from ATM 2 containing the money shards of fifties thousands with the amount of 30 pieces.
It is added up, and the result is three millions rupiahs, but it is not being asked for, but there is a requirement
for the comparison of the number of money shards of hundreds and fifties thousands, namely 3:4. The student
did not think it about when he worked on the problem. He merely used one way to solve the problem, so it
means that the flexibility aspect in thinking is not fulfilled. The novelty aspect may also not emerge in the
student’s work result. If it is a trial-and-error, it must be often made by other students in working on the type
of problem.
Then for the S6’s work results as presented in Figure 7, the student could not solve the problem correctly.
He did not pay attention and did not involve the comparison of the number of the money shards of hundreds
and fifties thousands that would be taken in solving the problem. He merely focused on the number of the
nominal money taken, namely three million. He did not make any systematic and detailed steps and did not
try to use another way in solving the problem. The result of the following interview represents the students’
way of thinking:
P6 01: How did you solve this first problem?
S6 01: The sum of money that should be taken is three millions, while the nominal money is hundreds and
fifties thousands with the comparison of 3:4. So hundreds thousands is 20 pieces, so the result is
two millions, from the comparison of 3:4. The fifties hundreds is 20 pieces, it is one million. So, the
hundred thousand is two million and fifties thousands, one million. So the number of pieces of
money ….”
P6 02: Did you consider the comparison of 3:4 that is known?
S6 02: Yes
P6 03: Did you have another way, beside this?
S6 03: No.
Figure 6. S5’s Work Result
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From the results of the interviews and student’s work, it seems that the student has tried to understand,
to make easy rules, and make steps in solving the problem. Although at first the student just guessed it, as
shown by the crosses, but at last he found out the proper rules and could solve the problem correctly.
DISCUSSION
Creative thinking needs some sensitivity to the problem encountered, the consideration of the given
information, making some relations, the determination of the steps of solution, and the application of
imagination to raise different new ideas. When being given the non-routine arithmetical problems, the six
research subjects gave different responses to the problem. Viewed from their ways of thinking, there is a
similarity, they started working on the problem with understanding and describing it, making a plan of solving
it based on their mathematical ability, and then they started to think about other alternatives to solve the
problem.
According to Siswono (2004), creative thinking in mathematics needs ability to solve any problem fluently,
in detail, systematically, to give various and correct solutions, and to find out a solution which is
“extraordinarily” made by the student at his level of knowledge. The student’s work result may be said to be
extraordinary if it seems different and does not follow a certain pattern.
This research result is in line with that made by Anwar, et al (20120 stating that there is a significant
correlation between students’ creative thinking and their learning achievement. This research is also
supported by Saragih and Napitupulu’s (2015) research that students’ academic achievement may be predicted
from their creativity ability.
Creative thinking starts from the emergence of preliminary ideas after understanding a problem. The
emergent ideas really determine the steps in solving the problem. In this present research, students with high
ability in mathematics succeed in understanding problems, bringing up ideas, and making steps in solving the
problem. They can solve problems fluently and systematically and also in a detailed, and structured manner,
and they may use some strategies of solutions.
Students with moderate ability in mathematics have some difficulties in understanding problems. They
are rather difficult in raising ideas and making solutions in a detailed, structured and systematic manner
especially the first problem, but they solved the second problem fluently.
Students with low ability in mathematics seem to have some difficulties in understanding problems. Their
ideas in making steps of the solution are trial-and-error in nature. They do not make use of clear rules and
manners. They were also difficult in determining strategies of solving problems.
The research result is in line with that of Siswono’s (2004) stating that the ability in synthesizing ideas,
building ideas and then planning the application of ideas are different for each level of students’ ability.
Figure 7. S6’s Work Result
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CONCLUSION
Dealing with the category of Subject S1 and S2, they did not have any difficulties in understanding the
problems given. Their emergent preliminary ideas were proven by making steps of solving problems using
their various strategies. They did not have much problems in solving the problems, they are fluent and careful
in soling them where their steps and strategies are structured, detailed and systematic. The fluency,
flexibility, and elaboration elements may be fulfilled, but no new strategies have arisen so the novelty element
has not been met. The criterion of creative thinking reached by the students with high ability in mathematics
is creative enough.
Students with moderate ability in mathematics S3 and S4 were still difficult in understanding the
problems given so that the steps of the solution are less structured, less detailed and less systematic, especially
for the first problem. When solving the problem, the students were less careful in their calculations, and the
strategies they employed were also trial-and-error in nature. Although the trial-and-error is allowed in solving
a problem, but it reflects the ideas in students’ thought. The fluency and elaboration elements are fulfilled,
but the flexibility and originality in the problem solving have not appeared yet. The criterion of creative
thinking reached by the students with low ability in mathematics is less creative.
Students with low ability in mathematics namely S5 and S6 had difficulty in understanding the problems.
Their ideas still tended to the trial-and-error fashion, were less structured, less systematic and less detailed
so that in solving and making steps of the solution they still encountered many obstacles. The indicator of
creative thinking has not emerged yet in the students with low ability in mathematics. The criterion of creative
thinking reached by these students is not creative.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Notes on contributors
Lila Puspitasari – Mathematics Department, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia.
Akhsanul In’am – Mathematics Department, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia.
Mohammad Syaifuddin – Mathematics Department, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia.
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